Research Article
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Year 2023, , 143 - 149, 30.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.31459/turkjkin.1295154

Abstract

References

  • Bampouras, T. M., & Marrin, K. (2009). Comparison of two anaerobic water polo–specific tests with the Wingate test. J Strength Cond Res, 3(1), 336- 340.
  • Bar-Or, O., Dotan, R., Inbar, O., Rothstein, A., Karlsson, J., & Tesch, P. (1980). Anaerobic capacity and muscle fiber type distribution in man. Int J Sports Med, 1(02), 82-85.
  • Bassett, D. R. (1989) Correcting the Wingate test for changes in kinetic energy of the ergometer flywheel. Int J Sports Med, 10, 446–449.
  • Bozdoğan, Z. (2005). Effect of leg strenght training on elite swimmers performances. Doctoral dissertation, Marmara University, Türkiye.
  • Costill, D. L., Kovaleski, J., Porter, D., Kirwan, J., Fielding, R., & King D, (1985). Energy expenditure during front crawl swimming: Predicting success in middle-distance events. Int J Sports Med, 6, 266-270.
  • David, J. S., Stephen, R. N., & John, M. H. (2002). Performance evaluation of swimmers scientific tools. Int J Sports Med, 32 (9), 539-554.
  • Dos Santos, K. B., Pereira, G., Papoti, M., Bento, P. C. B., & Rodacki, A. (2013). Propulsive force asymmetry during tethered-swimming. Int J Sports Med, 34, 606–611.
  • Dotan, R., & Bar-Or, O. (1983). Load optimization for the Wingate anaerobic test. Eur J Appl Physiol, 51, 409–417.
  • Duche, P., Falgairette, G., Bedu, M., Lac, G., Robert, A., & Coudert, J. (1993). Analysis of performance of prepubertal swimmers assessed from anthropometric and bio-energetic characteristics. Eur J Appl Physiol, 66(5), 467-471.
  • Ellis, S. (2010). The relationship between upper-body anaerobic power outputs from an arm-cranking Wingate test and 100-metre sprint swimming. University of Wales Institute Cardiff.
  • Froese, E. A., & Houston, M. E. (1987). Performance during the Wingate anaerobic test and muscle morphology in males and females. Int J Sports Med, 8,35-39.
  • Guilherme, L., Guglielmo, A., & Denadai, B. S. (2000). Assessment of anaerobic power of swimmers: the correlation of laboratory tests on an arm ergometer with field tests in a swimming pool. J Strength Cond Res, 14(4), 395-398.
  • Hawley, J. A., & Williams, M. M. (1991). Relationship between upper body anaerobic power and freestyle swimming performance. Int J Sports Med, 12, 1-5.
  • Hawley, John A., Williams, M. M., Vickovic, M. M., & Handcock, P. J. (1992). Muscle power predicts freestyle swimming performance. Br J Sports Med, 26(3), 151-155.
  • Hollander, A. P., G., de Groot, G. J., van Ingen Schenau, R., Kahman, & Toussaint H. M. (1988). Contribution of the legs in front crawl swimming. In B. E. Ungerechts, K. Reischle & K. Wilke (Eds.), Swimming Science V (pp. 39–43). Champaign Human Kinetics.
  • Inbar, O., Kaiser, P., & Tesch P. (1981). Relationship between leg muscle fibre type distribution and leg exercise performance. Int J Sports Med, 2,154-159.
  • Inbar, O., & Bar-Or, O. (1977). Relationships of anaerobic and aerobic arm and leg capacities to swimming performance of 8–12 year old children. Frontiers of activity and child health, 283-292.
  • Inbar, O., & Bar-Or, O. (1977). Relationships of anaerobic and aerobic arm and leg capacities to swimming performance of 8–12 year old children. In Shephard RJ, Lavalle H (eds.), Frontiers of activity and child health (pp. 283–292). Pelican, Quebec.
  • Işıldak, K. (2018). Anaerobik güç ve bacak hacminin kas hasarına etkisi (1st Ed.). Lambert Academic Publishing (in Turkish).
  • Işıldak, K., Asan, H., Akan, İ. C., Fer, N., & Demir, M. C. (2020). The relationship between leg volume and 50m freestyle swimming performance. Mediterranean Journal of Sport Science, 3(1), 53-62.
  • Jacobs, I., Tesch, P. A., Bar-Or, O., Karlsson, J., & Dotan, R. (1983). Lactate in human skeletal muscle after 10 and 30 s of supramaximal exercise. J Appl Physiol, 55(2), 365-367.
  • Kindermann, W., Simon, G., Keul, J. (1979). The significance of the aerobic-anaerobic transition for the determination work load intensities during endurance training. Eur J Ap p I Phvsiol, 42, 25-34.
  • Kounalakis, S. N., Koskolou, M. D., & Geladas, N. D. (2009). Oxygen saturation in the triceps brachii muscle during an arm Wingate test: the role of training and power output. Int J Sports Med, 17(3), 171-181.
  • Loturco, I., Barbosa, A. C., Nocentini, R. K., Pereira, L. A., Kobal, R., Kitamura, K., Abad, C. C. C., Figueiredo, P., & Nakamura, F. Y. (2016). A correlational analysis of tethered swimming, swim sprint performance and dry-land power assessments. Int J Sports Med, 37, 211-218.
  • Mader A., Heck H., Hollman W. (1978). Evaluation of lactic acid anaerobic energy contribution by determination of post exercise lactic acid concentration of ear capillary blood in middle-distance runners and swimmers. In F. Landry, W. Orban (Eds.) Exercise Physiology (pp. 187-200), Miami: Symposia Specialists.
  • Mahmut, A. (2022). Investigation of the relationship between arm and leg volume and sprint swimming performance in 10-12 year old swimmers. Mediterranean Journal of Sport Science, 5(4), 977-983.
  • Marinho, D. A., Amorim, R. A., Costa, A. M., Marques, M. C., Perez-Turpin, J. A., & Neiva, H. P. (2011). Anaerobic critical velocity and swimming performance in young swimmers. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 6, 80-86.
  • Maud, P. J., & Shultz, B. B. (1989). Norms for the Wingate anaerobic test with comparison to another similar test. Res Quart Exerc Sport, 60, 144-151.
  • Mercier, B., Granier, P., Mercier, J., Trouquet, J., & Préfaut, C. H. (1993). Anaerobic and aerobic components during arm-crank exercise in sprint and middle-distance swimmers. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol, 66(5), 461-466.
  • Morouço, P. G., Marinho, D. A., Izquierdo, M., Neiva, H., & Marques, M. C. (2015). Relative contribution of arms and legs in 30 s fully tethered front crawl swimming. BioMed Res Int, (Special issue), 563206.
  • Morouço, P. G., Marinho, D. A., Keskinen, K. L., Badillo, J. J., & Marques, M. C. (2014). Tethered swimming can be used to evaluate force contribution for short-distance swimming performance. J Strength Cond Res, 28, 3093-3099.
  • Özgünen, K. (2011). Performans yüzücüsünün fizyolojisi. III. Symposium of Exercise Physiology (13-14 May 2011), Adana, Türkiye (in Turkish).
  • Plowman, S. A., & Smith, D. L. (2013). Exercise physiology for health fitness and performance (5th ed.). Philadelphia, PA, USA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
  • Reilly, T., & Bayley, K. (1988). The relation between short-term power output and sprint performance of young female swimmers. J Human Move Stud, 14, 19-29.
  • Rodríguez, F. A., & Mader, A. (2011). Energy systems in swimming. In L. Seifert, D. Chollet & I. Mujika (Eds.) World book of swimming: From science to performance (pp. 225-240). Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
  • Rohrs, D. M., Mayhew, J. L., Arabas, C., & Shelton, M. (1990). The relationship between seven anaerobic tests and swim performance. Journal of Swimming Research, 6(4), 15-19.
  • Rohrs, D., Joel, M., & Stager, M. (1991). Evaluation of anaerobic power and capacity in competitive swimmers. Journal of Swimming Research, 7(3), 12–16.
  • Sayers, S. P., Harackiewicz, D. V., Harman, E. A., Frykman, P. N., & Rosenstein, M. T. (1999). Cross-validation of three jump power equations. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 31, 572–577.
  • Sharp, R. L., & Troup, J. P. (1982). Relationship between power and sprint freestyle. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 14, 53-56.
  • Souissi, N., Gauthier, A., Sesbou¨ e´, B., Larue, J., & Davenne, D. (2004). Circadian rhythms in two types of anaerobic cycle leg exercise: Force-velocity and 30-s Wingate tests. Int J Sports Med, 25, 14–19.
  • Swaine, I. L., & Winter, E. M. (1999). Comparison of cardiopulmonary response to two types of dry-land upper-body exercise testing modes in competitive swimmers. Eur J Appl Physiol, 80, 588-590.
  • Yapıcı, A., & Cengiz, C. (2015). The relationship between lower extremity Wingate anaerobic test (want) and 50m freestyle swimming performance. International Journal of Sport Culture and Science, 3(Special Issue 3), 44-54.
  • Yüksek, S., Hatipoğlu, Ö., Ayan, V., & Ölmez, C. (2017). The relationship between 50 meter sprint and 25 meter freestyle swimming performances in 9-12 ages swimmers. Turkiye Klinikleri J Sports Sci, 9(2), 57-64.
  • Zamparo, P., Capelli, C., & Pendergast, D. (2011). Energetics of swimming: a historical perspective. Eur J Appl Physiol, 111(3), 367-378.
  • Zera, J. N., Nagle, E. F., Nagai, T., Lovalekar, M., Abt, J. P., & Lephart, S. M. (2021). Tethered swimming test: Reliability and the association with swimming performance and land-based anaerobic performance. J Strength Cond Res, 35, 212-220.

The effect of anaerobic power on short distance swimming performance in prepubertal male swimmers

Year 2023, , 143 - 149, 30.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.31459/turkjkin.1295154

Abstract

This relational model study aimed to assess the anaerobic power and short distance swimming performance in prepubertal male swimmers. A total of 20 male swimmers, age mean = 11.40±1.39 yrs, participated in this study. All participants trained on approximately two hours per session, five times per week. A mat was used to collect data on vertical jump. Swimming performance was evaluated for 50 meters in swimming pool using a stopwatch. The arm Wingate was used to assess the anaerobic arm power of the participants. It was observed that the peak power obtained from the vertical jump explained the swimming performance by 21.7%. On the other hand, when the effect of the anaerobic peak power obtained from the arm Wingate on the swimming performance of the swimming children was examined, it was seen that the peak power of the arm explained the swimming performance by 26.8%. In conclusion, it is seen that the anaerobic power obtained from the arms and legs affects the short-distance swimming performance by approximately 50%. It can be said that the power produced from the arm is more important by 5%. For 50 meters swimming performance, it is recommended that trainers include exercises to increase arm strength.

References

  • Bampouras, T. M., & Marrin, K. (2009). Comparison of two anaerobic water polo–specific tests with the Wingate test. J Strength Cond Res, 3(1), 336- 340.
  • Bar-Or, O., Dotan, R., Inbar, O., Rothstein, A., Karlsson, J., & Tesch, P. (1980). Anaerobic capacity and muscle fiber type distribution in man. Int J Sports Med, 1(02), 82-85.
  • Bassett, D. R. (1989) Correcting the Wingate test for changes in kinetic energy of the ergometer flywheel. Int J Sports Med, 10, 446–449.
  • Bozdoğan, Z. (2005). Effect of leg strenght training on elite swimmers performances. Doctoral dissertation, Marmara University, Türkiye.
  • Costill, D. L., Kovaleski, J., Porter, D., Kirwan, J., Fielding, R., & King D, (1985). Energy expenditure during front crawl swimming: Predicting success in middle-distance events. Int J Sports Med, 6, 266-270.
  • David, J. S., Stephen, R. N., & John, M. H. (2002). Performance evaluation of swimmers scientific tools. Int J Sports Med, 32 (9), 539-554.
  • Dos Santos, K. B., Pereira, G., Papoti, M., Bento, P. C. B., & Rodacki, A. (2013). Propulsive force asymmetry during tethered-swimming. Int J Sports Med, 34, 606–611.
  • Dotan, R., & Bar-Or, O. (1983). Load optimization for the Wingate anaerobic test. Eur J Appl Physiol, 51, 409–417.
  • Duche, P., Falgairette, G., Bedu, M., Lac, G., Robert, A., & Coudert, J. (1993). Analysis of performance of prepubertal swimmers assessed from anthropometric and bio-energetic characteristics. Eur J Appl Physiol, 66(5), 467-471.
  • Ellis, S. (2010). The relationship between upper-body anaerobic power outputs from an arm-cranking Wingate test and 100-metre sprint swimming. University of Wales Institute Cardiff.
  • Froese, E. A., & Houston, M. E. (1987). Performance during the Wingate anaerobic test and muscle morphology in males and females. Int J Sports Med, 8,35-39.
  • Guilherme, L., Guglielmo, A., & Denadai, B. S. (2000). Assessment of anaerobic power of swimmers: the correlation of laboratory tests on an arm ergometer with field tests in a swimming pool. J Strength Cond Res, 14(4), 395-398.
  • Hawley, J. A., & Williams, M. M. (1991). Relationship between upper body anaerobic power and freestyle swimming performance. Int J Sports Med, 12, 1-5.
  • Hawley, John A., Williams, M. M., Vickovic, M. M., & Handcock, P. J. (1992). Muscle power predicts freestyle swimming performance. Br J Sports Med, 26(3), 151-155.
  • Hollander, A. P., G., de Groot, G. J., van Ingen Schenau, R., Kahman, & Toussaint H. M. (1988). Contribution of the legs in front crawl swimming. In B. E. Ungerechts, K. Reischle & K. Wilke (Eds.), Swimming Science V (pp. 39–43). Champaign Human Kinetics.
  • Inbar, O., Kaiser, P., & Tesch P. (1981). Relationship between leg muscle fibre type distribution and leg exercise performance. Int J Sports Med, 2,154-159.
  • Inbar, O., & Bar-Or, O. (1977). Relationships of anaerobic and aerobic arm and leg capacities to swimming performance of 8–12 year old children. Frontiers of activity and child health, 283-292.
  • Inbar, O., & Bar-Or, O. (1977). Relationships of anaerobic and aerobic arm and leg capacities to swimming performance of 8–12 year old children. In Shephard RJ, Lavalle H (eds.), Frontiers of activity and child health (pp. 283–292). Pelican, Quebec.
  • Işıldak, K. (2018). Anaerobik güç ve bacak hacminin kas hasarına etkisi (1st Ed.). Lambert Academic Publishing (in Turkish).
  • Işıldak, K., Asan, H., Akan, İ. C., Fer, N., & Demir, M. C. (2020). The relationship between leg volume and 50m freestyle swimming performance. Mediterranean Journal of Sport Science, 3(1), 53-62.
  • Jacobs, I., Tesch, P. A., Bar-Or, O., Karlsson, J., & Dotan, R. (1983). Lactate in human skeletal muscle after 10 and 30 s of supramaximal exercise. J Appl Physiol, 55(2), 365-367.
  • Kindermann, W., Simon, G., Keul, J. (1979). The significance of the aerobic-anaerobic transition for the determination work load intensities during endurance training. Eur J Ap p I Phvsiol, 42, 25-34.
  • Kounalakis, S. N., Koskolou, M. D., & Geladas, N. D. (2009). Oxygen saturation in the triceps brachii muscle during an arm Wingate test: the role of training and power output. Int J Sports Med, 17(3), 171-181.
  • Loturco, I., Barbosa, A. C., Nocentini, R. K., Pereira, L. A., Kobal, R., Kitamura, K., Abad, C. C. C., Figueiredo, P., & Nakamura, F. Y. (2016). A correlational analysis of tethered swimming, swim sprint performance and dry-land power assessments. Int J Sports Med, 37, 211-218.
  • Mader A., Heck H., Hollman W. (1978). Evaluation of lactic acid anaerobic energy contribution by determination of post exercise lactic acid concentration of ear capillary blood in middle-distance runners and swimmers. In F. Landry, W. Orban (Eds.) Exercise Physiology (pp. 187-200), Miami: Symposia Specialists.
  • Mahmut, A. (2022). Investigation of the relationship between arm and leg volume and sprint swimming performance in 10-12 year old swimmers. Mediterranean Journal of Sport Science, 5(4), 977-983.
  • Marinho, D. A., Amorim, R. A., Costa, A. M., Marques, M. C., Perez-Turpin, J. A., & Neiva, H. P. (2011). Anaerobic critical velocity and swimming performance in young swimmers. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 6, 80-86.
  • Maud, P. J., & Shultz, B. B. (1989). Norms for the Wingate anaerobic test with comparison to another similar test. Res Quart Exerc Sport, 60, 144-151.
  • Mercier, B., Granier, P., Mercier, J., Trouquet, J., & Préfaut, C. H. (1993). Anaerobic and aerobic components during arm-crank exercise in sprint and middle-distance swimmers. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol, 66(5), 461-466.
  • Morouço, P. G., Marinho, D. A., Izquierdo, M., Neiva, H., & Marques, M. C. (2015). Relative contribution of arms and legs in 30 s fully tethered front crawl swimming. BioMed Res Int, (Special issue), 563206.
  • Morouço, P. G., Marinho, D. A., Keskinen, K. L., Badillo, J. J., & Marques, M. C. (2014). Tethered swimming can be used to evaluate force contribution for short-distance swimming performance. J Strength Cond Res, 28, 3093-3099.
  • Özgünen, K. (2011). Performans yüzücüsünün fizyolojisi. III. Symposium of Exercise Physiology (13-14 May 2011), Adana, Türkiye (in Turkish).
  • Plowman, S. A., & Smith, D. L. (2013). Exercise physiology for health fitness and performance (5th ed.). Philadelphia, PA, USA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
  • Reilly, T., & Bayley, K. (1988). The relation between short-term power output and sprint performance of young female swimmers. J Human Move Stud, 14, 19-29.
  • Rodríguez, F. A., & Mader, A. (2011). Energy systems in swimming. In L. Seifert, D. Chollet & I. Mujika (Eds.) World book of swimming: From science to performance (pp. 225-240). Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
  • Rohrs, D. M., Mayhew, J. L., Arabas, C., & Shelton, M. (1990). The relationship between seven anaerobic tests and swim performance. Journal of Swimming Research, 6(4), 15-19.
  • Rohrs, D., Joel, M., & Stager, M. (1991). Evaluation of anaerobic power and capacity in competitive swimmers. Journal of Swimming Research, 7(3), 12–16.
  • Sayers, S. P., Harackiewicz, D. V., Harman, E. A., Frykman, P. N., & Rosenstein, M. T. (1999). Cross-validation of three jump power equations. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 31, 572–577.
  • Sharp, R. L., & Troup, J. P. (1982). Relationship between power and sprint freestyle. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 14, 53-56.
  • Souissi, N., Gauthier, A., Sesbou¨ e´, B., Larue, J., & Davenne, D. (2004). Circadian rhythms in two types of anaerobic cycle leg exercise: Force-velocity and 30-s Wingate tests. Int J Sports Med, 25, 14–19.
  • Swaine, I. L., & Winter, E. M. (1999). Comparison of cardiopulmonary response to two types of dry-land upper-body exercise testing modes in competitive swimmers. Eur J Appl Physiol, 80, 588-590.
  • Yapıcı, A., & Cengiz, C. (2015). The relationship between lower extremity Wingate anaerobic test (want) and 50m freestyle swimming performance. International Journal of Sport Culture and Science, 3(Special Issue 3), 44-54.
  • Yüksek, S., Hatipoğlu, Ö., Ayan, V., & Ölmez, C. (2017). The relationship between 50 meter sprint and 25 meter freestyle swimming performances in 9-12 ages swimmers. Turkiye Klinikleri J Sports Sci, 9(2), 57-64.
  • Zamparo, P., Capelli, C., & Pendergast, D. (2011). Energetics of swimming: a historical perspective. Eur J Appl Physiol, 111(3), 367-378.
  • Zera, J. N., Nagle, E. F., Nagai, T., Lovalekar, M., Abt, J. P., & Lephart, S. M. (2021). Tethered swimming test: Reliability and the association with swimming performance and land-based anaerobic performance. J Strength Cond Res, 35, 212-220.
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Sports Training
Journal Section Original Research Articles
Authors

Maya Budak 0000-0001-6209-0935

Aydın Şentürk 0000-0003-4581-3702

Publication Date September 30, 2023
Submission Date May 10, 2023
Acceptance Date August 4, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023

Cite

APA Budak, M., & Şentürk, A. (2023). The effect of anaerobic power on short distance swimming performance in prepubertal male swimmers. Turkish Journal of Kinesiology, 9(3), 143-149. https://doi.org/10.31459/turkjkin.1295154

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