Acute effects of different types of stretching exercises on explosive power: A pilot study

Year 2024, , 149 - 154, 30.09.2024

Emirkan Çelik , Sinan Seyhan

https://doi.org/10.31459/turkjkin.1495014

Abstract

Athletes usually use warm-up and stretching exercises before starting a vigorous physical activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the positive and negative effects of different stretching and flexing exercises on kicking acceleration performance in taekwondo. A total of 12 elite taekwondo athletes (7 boys and 5 girls) with an average age of 20.75±1.48 years, an average height of 171±10.06 cm, an average body weight of 61.8±11 kg, and an average Body Mass Index (BMI) of 21.1±2.5 kg/m2 participated in this study. For the kick acceleration test (KAT), an accelerometer was used by attaching it to the ankle of the participants with the help of a smart phone and a smart watch. For KAT measurements, static stretching exercise (SSE), dynamic stretching exercise (DSE), proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation exercise (PNFE) and ballistic stretching exercise (BSE) methods were applied on different days during the warm-up phase. In this study with elite level Taekwondo athletes, significant differences were found between palding chagi and dollyo-chagi kick acceleration values after SSE and PNFE applications (p<0.05). In addition, statistical analyses showed that DSE were associated with higher acceleration values than PNFE and BSE. As a result of the statistical analyses performed on KAT, it was observed that DSE method showed a significant difference between the measurements of torso level kicking and head level kicking parameters compared to other methods (p<0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that DSE can be preferred to PNFE stretching and BSE when planning flexibility exercises in taekwondo training. According to the results of KAT, DSE did not have a significant negative effect in the training program, and it can be concluded that there is no obstacle to apply DSE in pre-competition warm-ups.

Keywords

Acceleration performance, flexibility, taekwondo

References

• Alemdaroğlu, U., & Koz, M. (2009, October 14-18). The acute effect of static, ballistic, and propreceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching on sprint performance [Conference presentation]. 6th Europen Sport Medicine Congress, Antalya, Türkiye.
• Alemdaroğlu, U., Koz, M., & Köklü, Y. (2012) Acute effects of stretching exercises on performance. Hacettepe Journal of Sport Sciences, 23 (2), 68-76.
• Amiri-Khorasani, M., Sahebozamani, M., Tabrizi, K. G. & Yusof, A. B. (2010). Acute effect of different stretching methods on illinois agility test in soccer players. J Strength Cond Res, 24(10), 2698-2704.
• Bradley, P. S., Olsen, P. D., & Portas, M. D. (2007). The effect of static, ballistic, and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching on vertical jump performance. J Strength Cond Res, 21, 223-226.
• Carvalho, F., Prati, J., Carvalho, M., & Dantas E. (2009). Acute effects of static stretching and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on the performance of vertical jump in adolescent tennis players. Fitness Performance Journal, 8 (4), 264-268.
• Cormie, P., McGuigan, M. R., & Newton, R. U. (2010). Influence of strength on magnitude and mechanisms of adaptation to power training. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 42, 1566-1581.
• Cramer, J.T., Beck, T.W., Housh, T.J., Massey, L.L., Marek, S.M., Danglemeier, S., Purkayastha, S., Culbertson, J.Y., Fitz, K.A. & Egan, A.D. (2007). Acute effects of static stretching on characteristics of the isokinetic angle – torque relationship, surface electromyography, and mechanomyography. J Sport Sci, 25(6), 687-698.
• Ekstrand, J., Gillquist, J., & Liuedahl, S. O. (1983). Prevention of soccer injuries. supervision by doctor and physiotherapist. Am J Sports Med, 11, 116-120.
• Evans, T. (2006). The effects of static stretching on vertical jump performance [Unpublished Master dissertation]. Marshall University.
• Fletcher, I. M., & Anness R. (2007). The acute effects of combined static and dynamic stretch protocols on fifty-meter sprint performance in track-and-field athletes. J Strength Cond Res, 21, 784-787.
• Fletcher, I. M. & Jones, B. (2004). The effect of different warm-up stretch protocols on 20 meter sprint performance in trained rugby union players. J Strength Cond Res, 18(4), 885-888.
• Garrett, W. E. (1990). Muscle strain injuries: Clinical and basic aspects. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 22, 436-443.
• High, D. M., Howley, E. T., & Franks, B. D. (1989). The effects of static stretching and warm-up on prevention of delayed-onset muscle soreness. Res Q Exercise Sport, 60, 357-361.
• Kees, N. (2007). Effects of dynamic and static stretching on explosive agility activity [Unpublished Master dissertation]. Kinesiology Sports Medicine, Humboldt State University.
• Kim, J. H., Cho, H. S., Jeon, H. S., & Lee H. J. (2009). Design development of the taekwondo uniform; historical research. Journal of the Korean Society of Costume, 59(6), 82-93.
• Knudson, D. V., Noffal, G. J., Bahamonde, R. E., Bauer, J. A., & Blackwell, J. R. (2004). Stretching has no effect on tennis serve performance. J Strength Cond Res, 18(3), 654-636.
• Loturco, I., Artioli, G. G., Kobal, R., Gil, S. & Franchini, E. (2014). Predicting punching acceleration from selected strength and power variables in elite karate athletes: A multiple regression analysis. J Strength Cond Res, 28(7), 1826-1832.
• Maisettia, O., Sastrea, J., Lecompte, J., & Porteroa, P. (2007). Differential effects of an acute bout of passive stretching on maximal voluntary torque and the rate of torque development of the calf muscle-tendon unit. Isokinet Exerc Sci, 15(1), 11-18.
• Mann, R., Hart, C., Yessis, M., Hay, J. G., Wilt, F., & Brittenham, D. R. (1984). Coaches round table: Speed development. New Studies in Athletics, 12-22, 72-73.
• McBride, J. M., Deane, R., & Nimphius, S. (2007). Effect of stretching on agonist–antagonist muscle activity and muscle force output during single and multiple joint isometric contractions. Scand J Med Sci Spor, 17, 54-60.
• McNeal, J. R., & Sands, W. A. (2003). Acute static stretching reduces lower extremity power in trained children. Pediatr Exerc Sci, 15, 139-145.
• Nelson, A. G., & Kokkonen, J. (2005). Acute muscle stretching inhibits muscle strength endurance performance. J Strength Cond Res, 19, 338-343.
• Nelson, A. G, Driscoll, N. M., Landin, D. K., Young, M. A., & Schexnayder, I. C. (2005). Acute effects of passive muscle stretching on sprint performance. J Sport Sci, 23(5), 449-454.
• Norris, C. (1999). The complete guide to stretching. London: A & C Black.
• Parsons, L., Maxwell, N., Elniff, C., Jacka, M., & Heerschee, N. (2006, April 28). Static vs. dynamic stretching on vertical jump and standing long jump [Conference presentation]. 2nd Annual Symposium on Graduate Research and Scholarly Projects, Wichita State University, USA.
• Shellock, F. G., & Prentice, W. E. (1985). Warming-up and stretching for improved physical performance and prevention of sports-related injuries. Sports Med, 2, 267-278.
• Smith, C. A. (1994). The warm-up procedure: To stretch or not to stretch. A brief review. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 19, 12-17.
• Woolstenhulme, M. T., Griffiths, C. M., Woolstenhulme, E. M., & Parcell, A. C. (2006). Ballistic stretching increases flexibility and acute vertical jump height when combined with baskethall activity. J Strength Cond Res, 20(4), 799-803.
• Yamaguchi, T., Ishii, K., Yamanaka, M., & Yasuda, K. (2008). Acute effects of dynamic stretching exercise on power output during concentric dynamic constant external resistance leg extension. J Strength Cond Res, 21, 1238-1244.
• Young, W. B., & Behm, D. G. (2003). Effects of running, static stretching and practice jumps on explosive force production and jumping performance. J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 43(1), 21-27.
• Young, W. B. (2007). The use of static stretching in warm-up for training and competition. Int J Sports Physiol Perform, 2(2), 212-216.