Prevalence of overweight and obesity in sedentary children and adolescents with or without intellectual disability in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Year 2019, , 117 - 123, 20.09.2019

Teddy Bofosa , Betty Miangindula Constant Nkiama Ekisawa Guy Bomoko Kasiam Iasy

https://doi.org/10.31459/turkjkin.575580

Abstract

Overweight
and obesity in children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities is a
major public health problem. The objective of this study is to estimate the
prevalence of overweight and obesity in sedentary children and adolescents with
intellectual disability (ID) in Kinshasa. A total of 440 children were selected
for this study including 240 with ID (110 girls and 130 boys) and 200 children
without ID (91 girls and 109 boys). The present study took place in five
educational institutions including 4 special and one normal. The weight and
height of the children were measured to allow us to calculate their body mass
index. The logistic regression test was used to identify the determinants of
overweight or obesity, and to measure the association strength of each
determinant (odds ratio). This study reveals that boys with ID are at risk of
developing overweight at age 12-14 (odd ratio = 1.33 [0.87-1.18]), 15-17 years
(odd ratio = 2), 52 [1.61-2.55]) whereas in girls this risk begins already at
the age of 6-11 (odd ratio = 1.28 [0.88-1.91]). With respect to obesity, we
found that children with intellectual disabilities presented the risk of
obesity at ages 6-11 (odd ratio = 1.84 [1.04-1.85]), 12 -14 years (odd ratio =
1.41 [1.07-1.48]) and 15-17 years (odd ratio = 1.48 [1.23-1.73]). In addition,
this study shows that ID subjects were significantly more obese than those with
typical development. The risk of overweight and obesity is present in children
and adolescents with intellectual disability. We suggest that a program based
on diet and exercise can be introduced in Kinshasa special institutions to
minimize the risk of overweight and obesity.

Keywords

Adolescent, child, intellectual disability, obesity, overweight, sedentary

References

• Adams KM, Kohlmeier M, Zeisel SH. Nutrition education in U.S. Medical Schools: Latest update of a national survey. Academic Medicine, 2010; 8(4): 1537-1542.
• Agerström J, Rooth DO. The role of automatic obesity stereotypes in real hiring discrimination. J of Appl Psych, 2011; 96(8): 790-805.
• Bandini L, Curtin C, Hamad C, Tybor D, Must A. Prevalence of overweight in children with developmental disorders in the continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2002. J of Pediatr, 2005; 146(6): 738–743.
• Barton M. US Preventive Services Task Force Screening for obesity in children and adolescents: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Pediatrics, 2010; 125: 361-367.
• Bazzano LA, Hu T, Bertisch S M, Yao L, Harville EW, Gustat J, Redline S. Childhood obesity patterns and relation to middle-age sleep apnea risk: The Bogalusa Heart Study. Pediatric Obesity, 2016; 11: 535-542.
• Berge JM, Everts JC. Family-based interventions targeting childhood obesity: A meta-analysis. Childhood Obesity, 2011; 7: 110-121.
• Bleich SN, Bennett WL, Gudzune KA, Cooper LA. Impact of physician BMI on obesity care and beliefs. Obesity (Silver Spring), 2012; 20: 999-1005.
• Boutelle KN, Cafri G, Crow SJ. Parent-only treatment for childhood obesity: A randomized controlled trial. Obesity, 2011; 19: 574-580.
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National diabetes fact sheet: National estimates and general information on diabetes and prediabetes in the United States, 2011. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
• Chen AY, Kim SE, Houtrow AJ, Newacheck PW. Prevalence of obesity among children with chronic conditions. Obesity, 2010; 18: 210-213.
• Curtin C, Bandini LG, Must A, Gleason J, Lividini K, Phillips S, Fleming RK. Parent support improves weight loss in adolescents and young adults with down syndrome. The J of Pediatr, 2013; 163: 1402-1408.
• De S, Small J, Baur LA. Overweight and obesity among children with developmental disabilities. J of Intel & Develop Dis, 2008; 33: 43–47.
• Decoufle P, Autry A. Increased mortality in children and adolescents with developmental disabilities. Paediatric and Prenatal Epidemiology, 2002; 16: 375–382.
• Dong, B, Wang Z, Wang HJ, Ma J. The association between resting heart rate and blood pressure among children and adolescents with different waist circumferences. European J of Pediatr, 2015; 174: 191-197.
• Dowell A, Stubbe M, Scott-Dowell K, Macdonald L, Dew K. Talking with the alien: Interaction with computers in the GP consultation. Australian J of Pri Health, 2013; 19: 275-282.
• Draheim CC. Cardiovascular disease prevalence and risk factors of persons with mental retardation. Mental Retard and Develop Dis, 2006; 12: 3-12.
• Ells LJ, Shield JP H, Lidstonea JSM, Tregonning D, Whittaker V, Batterham A, Wilkinson JR, Summerbell CD. Teesside Schools Health Study: body mass index surveillance in special needs and mainstream school children. Public Health, 2008; 122: 251–254.
• Choi E, Park H, Ha Y, Hwang WJ. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in children with intellectual disabilities in Korea. J Appl Res Intellect Disabil 2012, 25: 476–483.
• Fiese BH, Jones BL. Food and family: A socio-ecological perspective for child development. Advances in Child Development and Behavior, 2012; 42:121-142.
• Fox RA, Hartney CW, Rotatori AF, Kurpiers EM. Incidence of obesity among retarded children. Education and Training of the Mentally Retarded, 1985; 20: 175–181.
• Gressier F, Porcelli S, Calati R, Serretti A. Pharmacogenetics of clozapine response and induced weight gain: A comprehensive review and metaanalysis. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 2016; 26: 163-185.
• Grondhuis SN, Aman MG. Overweight and obesity in youth with developmental disabilities: A call to action. J of Intel Dis Res, 2014; 58: 787-799.
• Ha Y, Jacobson Vann JC, Choi E. Prevalence of overweight and mothers’ perception of weight status of their children with intellectual disabilities in South Korea. J of School Nurs, 2010; 26: 212–222.
• Janicki MP, Davidson PW, Henderson CM, Mc Callion P, Taets JD, Force LT, Sulkes SB, Frangenberg E, Ladrigan PM. Health characteristics and health services utilization in older adults with intellectual disability living in community residences. J of Intellect Dis Res, 2002; 46: 287-298.
• Jasik CB, Lustig RH. Adolescent obesity and puberty: the ‘‘Perfect Storm’’. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2008; 1135: 265–279.
• Kellou N, Sandalinas F, Copin N, Simon C. Prevention of unhealthy weight in children by promoting physical activity using a socio-ecological approach: What can we learn from intervention studies? Diabetes & Metabolism, 2014; 40: 258-271.
• Kim Y, Pike J, Adams H, Cross D, Doyle C, Foreyt J. Telephone intervention promoting weight-related health behaviors. Preventive Medicine, 2010; 50: 112-117.
• Klein JD, Sesselberg TS, Johnson MS, O’Connor KG, Cook S, Coon M, Washington R. Adoption of body mass index guidelines for screening and counseling in pediatric practice. Pediatrics, 2010; 125: 265-272.
• Kolko RP, Kass AE, Hayes JF, Levine M D, Garbutt JM, Proctor EK, Wilfley DE. Provider training to screen and initiate evidence-based pediatric obesity treatment in routine practice settings: A randomized pilot trial. J of Pediatr Health Care, 2017; 31: 16-28.
• Kumanyika S, Brownson R. Handbook of Obesity Prevention: A Resource for Health Professionals. Springer, New York, NY. 2007.
• Larson SA, Lakin KC, Anderson L, Kwak N, Lee JH, Anderson D. Prevalence of Mental Retardation and⁄or Developmental Disabilities: Analysis of the 1994-1995 NHIS-D (MR⁄DD Data Brief). University of Minnesota, Institute on Community Integration, Research and Training Center on Community Living, Minneapolis, MN 2000.
• Lin J, Yen C, Li C, Wu J. Patterns of obesity among children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities in Taiwan. J of Appl Res in Intellect Dis, 2005; 18: 123–129.
• Marshall D, McConkey R, Moore G. Obesity in people with intellectual disabilities: the impact of nurse-led health screenings and health promotion activities. J of Advanced Nurs, 2003; 41: 147–153.
• Murphy CC, Boyle C, Schendel D, Decoufle P, YearginAllsop M. Epidemiology of mental retardation in children. Mental Retard and Develop Dis Res Reviews, 1998; 4: 6–13.
• Oh K, Jang M, Lee N, Moon J, Lee C, Yoo M, Kim Y. Prevalence and trends in obesity among Korean children and adolescents in 1997 and 2005. Korean J of Pediatr, 2008; 51: 950–955.
• Patja K, Molsa P, Iivanainen M. Cause-specific mortality of people with intellectual disability in a population-based 35-year follow-up study. Journal of Intellect Dis Res, 2001; 45: 30–40.
• Shields M, Gorber SC, Tremblay MS. Estimates of obesity based on self-report versus direct measures. Health Reports, 2008; 19: 61–76.
• Shields M, Gorber SC, Tremblay MS. Estimates of obesity based on self-report versus direct measures. Health Reports, 2008; 19: 61–76.
• Stewart L, Van de Ven L, Katsarou V, Rentziou E, Doran M, Jackson P, Reilly JJ, Wilson D. High prevalence of obesity in ambulatory children and adolescents with intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 2009; 53: 882– 886.
• Takeuchi E. Incidence of obesity among school children with mental retardation in Japan. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 1994; 99: 283–288.
• Tyrer F, Smith LK, Mc Grother CW. Mortality in adults with moderate to profound intellectual disability: a population-based study. J of Intellect Dis Res, 2007; 51: 520–527.