Cardiorespiratory and muscular endurance of sedentary children and adolescents with or without intellectual disability in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Year 2019, Volume: 5 Issue: 4, 133 - 139, 31.12.2019

Teddy Bofosa , Betty Miangindula Constant Nkiama Eric Kam , Guy Bumoko

https://doi.org/10.31459/turkjkin.623377

Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the level of physical fitness and sedentary children with
disabilities included in Kinshasa. One hundred-thirty children were included in
this study, 70 with intellectual
disability (ID, age: 12.4 ± 4 years) and 60
without ID (age: 11.6 ± 4 years). Flexibility, explosive strength, grip
strength, abdominal endurance, and cardiorespiratory endurance tests were used.
They are supplemented by the measurement of anthropometric characteristics. Measurements
of muscular strength endurance, isometric force, walking distance and
cardiorespiratory endurance was significantly higher in comparison with ID (p<0.05).
The muscular strength endurance, isometric strength walking distance and cardiorespiratory
endurance of girls was significantly lower than those of the control group (p
<0.05). It is clear from this study that the cardiorespiratory and muscular
endurance of children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities is
inferior to those of children without intellectual disabilities regardless of
the type of children.

Keywords

Adolescents, children, endurance, intellectual disability

References

• American College of Sports Medicine. Physical Fitness Assessment Manual. 4th ed., Baltimore, MD, USA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2014.
• Bégarie J, Maïano C, Ninot G. Concept de soi physique et adolescents présentant une déficience intellectuelle: effets de l’âge, du genre et de la catégorie de poids. Rev Canadienne de Psych, 2011; 56(3): 179-186.
• Bricout VA, Pace M, Dumortier L, Baileuil F, Favre-Juvin A, Guinot M. Reduced Cardiorespiratory Capacity in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. J Clin Med, 2018; 7: 361.
• Chaiwanichsiri D, Sanguanrungsirikul S, Suwannakul W. Poor physical fitness of adolescents with mental retardation at Rajanakul School, Bangkok. J Med Ass Thailand, 2000; 83: 1387-1392.
• Fernhall B, Pitetti KH. Leg strength related to endurance run performance in children and adolescents with mental retardation. Pediatr Exerc Sci, 2000; 12: 324-323.
• Gonzalez-Aguero A, Vicente-Rodriguez G, Moreno LA, Guerra-Balic M, Ara I, Casajus JA. Health-related physical fitness in children and adolescents with Down syndrome and response to training. Scand J Med Sci Sports, 2010; 23: 475-488.
• Graham A, Reid G. Physical fitness of adults with an intellectual disability: A 13-year follow-up study. Res Quart Exerc and Sport, 2000; 71(5): 152-161.
• Guidetti L, Franciosi E, Gallotta MC, Emerenziani GP, Baldari C. Could sports influence fitness and health of adults with mental retardation? Res Dev Dis, 2010; 31(10): 1070-1075.
• Hilgenkamp Y, Bleyenheuft L, Warnery A, Desplan J. Alcoolo dépendants sevrés, effets d’un passage en moyen séjour sur l’état dépressif et l’estime de soi. Alcoologie et Addictologie, 2012; 25(4): 289-294.
• Hinckson EA, Dickinson A, Water T, Sands M, Penman L. Physical activity, dietary habits and overall health in overweight and obese children and youth with intellectual disability or autism. Res Dev Dis, 2013; 34(4): 1170-1178.
• Horvat M, Franklin C. The effects of the environment on physical activity patterns of children with mental retardation. Res Quart Exerc Sport, 2001; 72(8): 189-195.
• Huffman M, Barzilai N. Role of visceral adipose tissue in aging. Biochem Biophy Acta, 2009; 1790: 1117-1123.
• Institut national de la statistique (ins), unicef, Enquête Nationale à indicateurs multiples sur la situation des enfants et des femmes, MICS, 2010.
• Lin JD, Lin PY, Lin LP, Chang YY, Wu SR, Wu JL. Physical activity and its determinants among adolescents with intellectual disabilities. Res Dev Dis, 2010; 31: 263-269.
• Lotan M, Isakov E, Kessel S, Merrick J. Physical fitness and functional ability of children with intellectual disability: effects of a short-term daily treadmill intervention. Sc W J, 2004; 7(4): 449-457.
• Ninot G, Maïan C. Long-term effects of athletics meet on the perceived competence of individuals with intellectual disabilities. Res Dev Dis, 2008; 28(2): 176-186.
• Ortega FB, Artero EG, Ruiz JR, España-Romero V, Jiménez-Pavón D, Vicente-Rodriguez G, Moreno LA et al. Physical fitness levels among European adolescents: the HELENA study. Br J Sports Med, 2011; 45: 20-29.
• Pace M, Bricout VA. Low heart rate response of children with autism spectrum disorders in comparison to controls during physical exercise. Physiol Behav, 2015; 141: 63-68.
• Pitetti KH, Campbell KD. Mental retarded individuals-A population at risk? Med Sci Sports Exerc, 1991; 23: 586-593.
• Pitetti KH, Yarmer DA, Fernhall B. Cardiovascular fitness and body composition of youth with and without mental retardation. Adapt Phys Activ Quart, 2001; 18: 127-121.
• Pitetti KH. A reliable isokinetic strength test for arm and leg musculature for mildly mentally retarded adults. Arch Phys Med and Rehab, 1990; 71: 669-672.
• Politte L, Dougle J. Atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of children and adolescents with pervasive developmental disorders. Psycho Pharmacol, 2014; 231: 1023-1036.
• Salaün L, Berthouze-Aranda S. Condition physique et niveau d’activité physique d'enfants présentant des troubles des fonctions cognitives. Sciences et Sports, 2011; 26: 212-215.
• Secchi JD, García GC, España-Romero V, Castro-Piñero J. Physical fitness and future cardiovascular risk in argentine children and adolescents: an introduction to the ALPHA test battery. Arch Argent Pediatr, 2014; 112: 132-140.
• Sinivasan SM, Pescatello LS, Bhat AN. Current perspectives on physical activity and exercise. Recommendations for obesity and physical fitness in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. Phys Ther, 2014; 22(2): 73-79.
• Skowronski M, Horvat M, Nocera J, Roswal G, Scroce R. Eurofit special: European fitness battery score variation among individuals with intellectual disability. Adapt Phys Activ Quart, 2009; 126: 54-67.
• Un N, Erbahceci F. The evaluation of reaction time on mentally retarded children. Pediatr Rehab, 2001; 4(8): 17-20.
• Welk GJ, Meredith MD, Ihmels M, Seeger C. Distribution of health-related physical fitness in Texas youth: a demographic and geographic analysis. Res Q Exerc Sport, 2010; 81: 6-15.
• World Health Organization. Global Recommendations on Physical Activity for Health: Geneva, Switzerland, 2010; pp. 1–58.
• Owen N, Salmon J, Koohsari MJ, Turrell G, Giles-Corti B. Sedentary behaviour and health: mapping environmental and social contexts to underpin chronic disease prevention. Br J Sports Med, 2014; 48(3): 174-177.
• World health Organization. Stratégie mondiale pour l’alimentation, l’exercice physique et la santé. Activité physique pour lesjeunes.2015.8-10-2015. http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/factsheet_young_people/fr/
• World health Organization. 10 faits sur l’exercice physique. 2014. 8-10-2015. http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/ physical_activity/fr