Korunma Altındaki Çocukların Gelişimlerinin Bakım Tiplerine ve Mizaç Özelliklerine Göre Karşılaştırılması

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 39 Sayı: 93, 55 - 77, 24.06.2024

Şükran Okur-ataş , Sevinç Akkaya , Seren Güneş , Sibel Kazakberument

https://doi.org/10.31828/turkpsikoloji.1349648

Öz

Uyaran eksikliği ve çocuklarla birebir etkileşimde bulunan bir yetişkinin olmaması, devlet koruması altındaki çocukların gelişimi için risk oluşturmaktadır. Farklılaşan hassasiyet teorisine göre, çocukların içinde bulundukları koşullardan etkilenme düzeyleri, çocukların bireysel özelliklerine göre değişkenlik gösterebilir. Bu çalışmada, yuva, sevgi evi, çocuk evi, koruyucu aile ve hiç koruma altına alınmamış düşük sosyoekonomik düzey (SED) ailelerin çocuklarının, dil-bilişsel ve sosyal beceri-öz bakım gelişim farklarının/gecikmelerinin karşılaştırılması; ayrıca, çocukların tepkisellik ve algısal hassasiyet mizaç özelliklerinin bakım tipi ve çocukların gelişim farkları ilişkisindeki düzenleyici rolünün incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın örneklemini, yuva, sevgi evi, çocuk evi, koruyucu aile yanında kalan ve hiç koruma altına alınmamış düşük SED ailelerden gelen 357 çocuk ve anne/bakım verenleri oluşturmaktadır. Çocukların gelişim farkları Ankara Gelişim Tarama Envanteri (AGTE) ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgulara göre, dil-bilişsel alanda, yuvada kalan çocuklar koruyucu ve düşük-SED’li ailelerin çocuklarına, sevgi evi ve çocuk evinde kalanlar da düşük-SED’li ailelerin çocuklarına kıyasla; sosyal beceri-öz bakım alanında ise yuva, sevgi evi ve çocuk evinde kalan çocuklar koruyucu ve düşük-SED’li ailelerin çocuklarına göre daha fazla gelişimsel fark göstermişlerdir. Ayrıca, gruplar arasındaki gelişimsel farklarda, tepkisellik ve algısal hassasiyet mizaç özelliklerinin düzenleyici rolü olduğu bulunmuştur. Çalışmanın bulguları, sosyal politikaların düzenlenmesi ve müdahale programlarının geliştirilmesi açısından tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kurum bakımı, mizaç, çocuk gelişimi, koruyucu aile

Destekleyen Kurum

Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu (TÜBİTAK)

Proje Numarası

113K222

Kaynakça

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