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Anthony Jenkinson’s Original Map as a Source on the History of the Safavid Empire

Year 2022, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 150 - 182, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.54970/turkuaz.1198001

Abstract

This article examines the map called “Nova absolutaque Russiae, Moscoviae, et Tartariae descriptio” published in London in 1562 the author of which was a famous trader, diplomat and Queen Elizabeth I Tudor̓s official ambassador to the Safavid Empire Anthony Jenkinson. Although the original version of the map was found in 1987 and since that time a number of works concerning Anglo-Safavid relations was published, so far this map has not been the object of special study as the source of the Safavid Empire and particularly Anglo-Safavid relations in both domestic and western historiography. An attempt is being taken for the first time to study Jenkinsonʼs map as an historical source on the Safavid Empire. Jenkinson’s map is unique in that it is not only the most ancient and first visual representation of the Safavid Empire in English sources, but it also influenced the further development of the European cartography and became an integral part of the first modern geographical atlas in the world “Theatrum Orbis Terranum” by Abraham Ortelius (1570) and Gerardus Mercatorʼs world map (1572). The map is of exceptional value and importance for the history of cartography of Russia, Azerbaijan, England and the countries of Central Asia. Special attention was paid to the map’s issues of dating and authorship. Detailed analysis of the mapʼs southern segment revealed that this map may serve as the valuable source of military, historical, geopolitical, geographical, toponymical, religious, ethnographical and partly economical history of the Safavid Empire, as well as on the history of Anglo-Safavid relations.

References

  • Ağalarlı, M. (2013). XV-XVI əsrlərdə Azərbaycan beynəlxalq münasibətlər sistemində, (Tarix üzrə fəlsəfə doktoru elmi dərəcəsi almaq üçün təqdim edilmiş dissertasiya), Bakı: AMEA A.A. Bakıxanov adına Tarix İnstitutu.
  • Ağayev, R. Ə. (2004). Azərbaycan və Mərkəzi Asiya dövlətlərinin qarşılıqlı münasibətləri (XV – XVI əsrlər). Bakı: “Kür” nəşriyyatı.
  • Английские путешественники в Московском государстве в XVI веке. (1937). (Перевод: Ю.В. Готье). Ленинград: Печатный двор.
  • Barber, P. (2007). Mapmaking in England, ca. 1470-1650. In David Woodward (Ed.), The History of Cartography, vol. III, part 2 (p. 1589-1669). Chicago, London: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Baron, S. H. (1989). William Borough and the Jenkinson map of Russia, 1562. Cartographica, 26(2), 72-85.
  • Baron, S. H. (1993). The Lost Jenkinson Map of Russia (1562) Recovered, Redated and Retitled. Terrae Incognitae, 25(1), 53-65.
  • Brotton, J. (2013). A history of the world in 12 maps. New York: Viking Penguin.
  • Эфендиев, О. (1981). Азербайджанское государство Сефевидов. Баку: Элм.
  • Ferzelibeyli, Ş. F. (2017). Azerbaycan ve Osmanlı İmparatorluğu (XV – XVI yüzyıllar). İstanbul: TEAS Press.
  • Hakluyt, R. (1589). The Principal Navigations, Voiages, and Discoveries of the English Nation, made by Sea or ouer Land to the most remote and farthest distant Quarters of the earth at any time within the Compasse of these 1500 yeers: Devuided into three several parts, according to the positions of the Regions whereunto they were directed. London: Imprinted by George Bishop and Ralph Newberie, Deputies to Christopher Barker, Printer to the Queenes most excellent Majestie.
  • Houston, Ch. (2009). “‘Thou glorious kingdome, thou chiefe of Empires’: Persia in early seventeenth-century travel literature”. Studies in travel writing, 13(2), 141-152.
  • İsgəndər bəy Münşi Türkman. (2010). Dünyanı bəzəyən Abbasın tarixi (Tarixe-aləmaraye-Abbasi). I cild, (Tərcüməsi: Ş.Fərzəliyev). Bakı: Şərq-Qərb Nəşriyyat evi.
  • Кафар-заде, Л. Р. (2022a). Миссия Энтони Дженкинсона в Сефевидское государство: почему из «скромного начала» не возникли «великие последствия»? КЛИО, 08(188), 32-43.
  • Кафар-заде, Л. Р. (2022b). Письма королевы Елизаветы I Тюдор в истории англо-сефевидских дипломатических отношений. Современная научная мысль, 4, 212-224.
  • Keuning, Joh. (1956). Jenkinson's Map of Russia. Imago Mundi, vol. 13, 172-175
  • Кордт, В. (1899). Материалы по истории русской картографии. Вып. 1. Киев: Типография С.В. Кульженко.
  • Matar, N. (1996). The Renaissance England and the Turban. In D. Blanks (Ed.), Images of Other: Europe and the Muslim World before 1700 (p. 39-55). Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press.
  • Mayers, K. (2016). The First English Explorer: The life of Anthony Jenkinson (1529-1611) and his adventures on route to the Orient. Croydon: Troubador Publishing Ltd.
  • Meshkat, K. (2005). The journey of Master Anthony Jenkinson to Persia (1562), (A Thesis Presented to The Department of Literature, Area Studies and European Languages The University of Oslo in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for The Cand. Philo. Degree), Oslo: The University of Oslo.
  • Michele Membre. (1993). Mission to the Lord Sophy of Persia (1539-1542), (Translation: A.H.Morton). London: School of Oriental and African Studies.
  • Morgan, E. D. and Coote, C. H. (1886). Early voyages and travels to Russia and Persia by Anthony Jenkinson and other Englishmen. Vol. I. London: Printed for the Hakluyt Society.
  • Nəcəfli, T. H. (2021). Azərbaycan Səfəvi imperiyasının Türküstan xanlıqları ilə siyasi əlaqələri. Bakı: “İdeal-Print” MMC.
  • Nova absolutaque Russiae, Moscoviae, et Tartariae descriptio (1562). Retrieved from https://www.bibliotekacyfrowa.pl/dlibra/publication/40164/edition/40845/content Last accessed: 21.09.2022.
  • Oakeshott, W. (1984). A Tudor Explorer and His Map of Russia. Times Literary Supplement, June 22, 703-704.
  • Осипов, И. А. (2008). Антоний Дженкинсон и карта России 1562 г. Retrieved from https://www.kolamap.ru/library/txts/osipov.html Last accessed: 27.08.2022.
  • Parks, G. B. (1928). Richard Hakluyt and the English Voyages. New York: American Geographical Society.
  • Пилипчук, Я. В. (2017). Узбекско-кызылбашские войны XVI-XVIII вв. Prof. Dr. Talat Tekin Hatıra Kitabı. Cilt 2. Istanbul: Çantay, 819-865.
  • Quliyev, Ə. S. (2011). XVI əsrin ortalarında Azərbaycanda Səfəvilər dövlətinin ictimai-siyasi vəziyyəti (Mikel Membrenin “Səyahətnamə”si əsasında). Bakı: “Şərq-Qərb” Nəşriyyat evi.
  • Рыбаков, Б. А. (1974). Русские карты Московии XV - начала XVI века. Москва: Наука.
  • Szykula, K. (2007), “Anthony Jenkinson’s unique wall map of Russia (1562) and its influence on European Cartography”. In Wouter Bracke, etc. (Eds.), Formatting Europe Mapping a Continent (p. 13-16). Brussels: Bibliothèque royale de Belgique.
  • Szykula, K. (2008). Anthony Jenkinson’s unique wall map of Russia (1562) and its influence on European cartography. Belgeo [Online], 3-4, 325-340. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/belgeo.8827
  • Szykula, K. (2005). The Jenkinson Map of Russia (1562). A Research Summary. In J. Pasztaleniec-Jarzynska (Ed.), Polish Library Today. Foreign Collections in Polish Libraries. Vol. 6 (p. 57-69). Warszawa: Biblioteka Narodowa.
  • Szykuła, K. (2012). Unexpected 16th Century Finding to Have Disappeared Just After Its Printing – Anthony Jenkinson’s Map of Russia, 1562. In Carlos Bateira (Ed.), Cartography - A Tool for Spatial Analysis (p. 119-152). London: IntechOpen.
  • Венецианцы во дворе Шаха Тахмасиба I (Микеле Мембре и Винченцо Алессандри). (2005). (Перевод: О. Эфендиев). Баку: Тахсил.

Safevi İmparatorluğu Tarihinin Bir Kaynağı Olarak Anthony Jenkinson’un Orijinal Haritası

Year 2022, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 150 - 182, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.54970/turkuaz.1198001

Abstract

Bu makale, yazarı ünlü bir tüccar, diplomat ve Kraliçe I. Elizabeth Tudor'un Safevi İmparatorluğunda resmi elçisi olan Antoni Jenkinson tarafından 1562 yılında Londra'da yayınlanan "Nova absolutaque Russiae, Moscoviae, et Tartariae descriptio" adlı haritayı incelemektedir. Haritanın orijinal hali 1987 yılında bulunsa bile ve o zamandan beri İngiltere-Safevi ilişkilerine ilişkin bir dizi eser yayınlanmış olmasına rağmen, bu harita hem yerli hem de batı tarihçiliğinde Safevi İmparatorluğu'nun ve özellikle de İngiltere-Safevi ilişkilerinin kaynağı olarak şimdiye kadar özel bir inceleme konusu olmamıştır. Jenkinson'un haritasını Safevi İmparatorluğu hakkında tarihi bir kaynak olarak incelemek için ilk kez bir girişimde bulunulmuşdur. Jenkinson'un haritası, Safevi İmparatorluğu'nun İngiliz kaynaklarında yalnızca en eski ve ilk görsel temsili olması değil, aynı zamanda Avrupa haritacılığının daha da gelişmesini etkilemesi ve dünyadakı ilk modern coğrafi atlası Abraham Ortelius’un “Theatrum Orbis Terranum” (1570) ve Gerardus Mercator'un dünya haritasının (1572) ayrılmaz bir parçası olması bakımından benzersizdir. Harita, Rusya, Azerbaycan, İngiltere ve Orta Asya ülkelerinin haritacılık tarihi için olağanüstü değer ve öneme sahiptir. Haritanın kesin yayın tarihinin ve yazarının kimliğinin belirlenmesine özellikle dikkat edilmişdir. Haritanın güney kesiminin ayrıntılı analizi, bu haritanın Safevi İmparatorluğu'nun askeri-tarihi, jeopolitik, coğrafi, yerbilimsel, dini, etnografik ve kısmen ekonomik tarihinin yanı sıra İngiliz-Safevi ilişkileri tarihinin değerli bir kaynağı olabileceğini ortaya koymuştur.

References

  • Ağalarlı, M. (2013). XV-XVI əsrlərdə Azərbaycan beynəlxalq münasibətlər sistemində, (Tarix üzrə fəlsəfə doktoru elmi dərəcəsi almaq üçün təqdim edilmiş dissertasiya), Bakı: AMEA A.A. Bakıxanov adına Tarix İnstitutu.
  • Ağayev, R. Ə. (2004). Azərbaycan və Mərkəzi Asiya dövlətlərinin qarşılıqlı münasibətləri (XV – XVI əsrlər). Bakı: “Kür” nəşriyyatı.
  • Английские путешественники в Московском государстве в XVI веке. (1937). (Перевод: Ю.В. Готье). Ленинград: Печатный двор.
  • Barber, P. (2007). Mapmaking in England, ca. 1470-1650. In David Woodward (Ed.), The History of Cartography, vol. III, part 2 (p. 1589-1669). Chicago, London: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Baron, S. H. (1989). William Borough and the Jenkinson map of Russia, 1562. Cartographica, 26(2), 72-85.
  • Baron, S. H. (1993). The Lost Jenkinson Map of Russia (1562) Recovered, Redated and Retitled. Terrae Incognitae, 25(1), 53-65.
  • Brotton, J. (2013). A history of the world in 12 maps. New York: Viking Penguin.
  • Эфендиев, О. (1981). Азербайджанское государство Сефевидов. Баку: Элм.
  • Ferzelibeyli, Ş. F. (2017). Azerbaycan ve Osmanlı İmparatorluğu (XV – XVI yüzyıllar). İstanbul: TEAS Press.
  • Hakluyt, R. (1589). The Principal Navigations, Voiages, and Discoveries of the English Nation, made by Sea or ouer Land to the most remote and farthest distant Quarters of the earth at any time within the Compasse of these 1500 yeers: Devuided into three several parts, according to the positions of the Regions whereunto they were directed. London: Imprinted by George Bishop and Ralph Newberie, Deputies to Christopher Barker, Printer to the Queenes most excellent Majestie.
  • Houston, Ch. (2009). “‘Thou glorious kingdome, thou chiefe of Empires’: Persia in early seventeenth-century travel literature”. Studies in travel writing, 13(2), 141-152.
  • İsgəndər bəy Münşi Türkman. (2010). Dünyanı bəzəyən Abbasın tarixi (Tarixe-aləmaraye-Abbasi). I cild, (Tərcüməsi: Ş.Fərzəliyev). Bakı: Şərq-Qərb Nəşriyyat evi.
  • Кафар-заде, Л. Р. (2022a). Миссия Энтони Дженкинсона в Сефевидское государство: почему из «скромного начала» не возникли «великие последствия»? КЛИО, 08(188), 32-43.
  • Кафар-заде, Л. Р. (2022b). Письма королевы Елизаветы I Тюдор в истории англо-сефевидских дипломатических отношений. Современная научная мысль, 4, 212-224.
  • Keuning, Joh. (1956). Jenkinson's Map of Russia. Imago Mundi, vol. 13, 172-175
  • Кордт, В. (1899). Материалы по истории русской картографии. Вып. 1. Киев: Типография С.В. Кульженко.
  • Matar, N. (1996). The Renaissance England and the Turban. In D. Blanks (Ed.), Images of Other: Europe and the Muslim World before 1700 (p. 39-55). Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press.
  • Mayers, K. (2016). The First English Explorer: The life of Anthony Jenkinson (1529-1611) and his adventures on route to the Orient. Croydon: Troubador Publishing Ltd.
  • Meshkat, K. (2005). The journey of Master Anthony Jenkinson to Persia (1562), (A Thesis Presented to The Department of Literature, Area Studies and European Languages The University of Oslo in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for The Cand. Philo. Degree), Oslo: The University of Oslo.
  • Michele Membre. (1993). Mission to the Lord Sophy of Persia (1539-1542), (Translation: A.H.Morton). London: School of Oriental and African Studies.
  • Morgan, E. D. and Coote, C. H. (1886). Early voyages and travels to Russia and Persia by Anthony Jenkinson and other Englishmen. Vol. I. London: Printed for the Hakluyt Society.
  • Nəcəfli, T. H. (2021). Azərbaycan Səfəvi imperiyasının Türküstan xanlıqları ilə siyasi əlaqələri. Bakı: “İdeal-Print” MMC.
  • Nova absolutaque Russiae, Moscoviae, et Tartariae descriptio (1562). Retrieved from https://www.bibliotekacyfrowa.pl/dlibra/publication/40164/edition/40845/content Last accessed: 21.09.2022.
  • Oakeshott, W. (1984). A Tudor Explorer and His Map of Russia. Times Literary Supplement, June 22, 703-704.
  • Осипов, И. А. (2008). Антоний Дженкинсон и карта России 1562 г. Retrieved from https://www.kolamap.ru/library/txts/osipov.html Last accessed: 27.08.2022.
  • Parks, G. B. (1928). Richard Hakluyt and the English Voyages. New York: American Geographical Society.
  • Пилипчук, Я. В. (2017). Узбекско-кызылбашские войны XVI-XVIII вв. Prof. Dr. Talat Tekin Hatıra Kitabı. Cilt 2. Istanbul: Çantay, 819-865.
  • Quliyev, Ə. S. (2011). XVI əsrin ortalarında Azərbaycanda Səfəvilər dövlətinin ictimai-siyasi vəziyyəti (Mikel Membrenin “Səyahətnamə”si əsasında). Bakı: “Şərq-Qərb” Nəşriyyat evi.
  • Рыбаков, Б. А. (1974). Русские карты Московии XV - начала XVI века. Москва: Наука.
  • Szykula, K. (2007), “Anthony Jenkinson’s unique wall map of Russia (1562) and its influence on European Cartography”. In Wouter Bracke, etc. (Eds.), Formatting Europe Mapping a Continent (p. 13-16). Brussels: Bibliothèque royale de Belgique.
  • Szykula, K. (2008). Anthony Jenkinson’s unique wall map of Russia (1562) and its influence on European cartography. Belgeo [Online], 3-4, 325-340. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/belgeo.8827
  • Szykula, K. (2005). The Jenkinson Map of Russia (1562). A Research Summary. In J. Pasztaleniec-Jarzynska (Ed.), Polish Library Today. Foreign Collections in Polish Libraries. Vol. 6 (p. 57-69). Warszawa: Biblioteka Narodowa.
  • Szykuła, K. (2012). Unexpected 16th Century Finding to Have Disappeared Just After Its Printing – Anthony Jenkinson’s Map of Russia, 1562. In Carlos Bateira (Ed.), Cartography - A Tool for Spatial Analysis (p. 119-152). London: IntechOpen.
  • Венецианцы во дворе Шаха Тахмасиба I (Микеле Мембре и Винченцо Алессандри). (2005). (Перевод: О. Эфендиев). Баку: Тахсил.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Lamiya Gafar-zada

Publication Date December 31, 2022
Submission Date November 1, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 3 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Gafar-zada, L. (2022). Anthony Jenkinson’s Original Map as a Source on the History of the Safavid Empire. Turkuaz Uluslararası Türk Dünyası Bilimsel Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3(2), 150-182. https://doi.org/10.54970/turkuaz.1198001

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