Sağlik İnanç Modeli Örneği: Tütün Bağımlısı Gebe

Year 2019, Volume: 1 Issue: 3, 38 - 46, 16.07.2019

Semra Tuncay Yılmaz , İlknur Demirhan , Sevil Şahin , Sena Kaplan

Abstract

Amaç: Sağlık İnanç Modeli (SİM), sağlığı koruyan ve geliştiren davranışların yanısıra pekçok sağlık probleminde hastanın tedaviye uyumunu,
neyin motive ettiğini ya da engellediğini açıklamada ve ölçmede etkin bir modeldir. Modelde, sorun olarak görülen inanç ve tutumlar saptanırsa
verilecek sağlık eğitimi ya da uygulanacak tedavi yöntemleri o kişiye daha uygun olarak belirlenebilecektir. Bu çalışma, tütün bağımlısı olan bir
gebenin modele göre eğitimine yön vermek ve hemşirelik uygulamalarında model kullanımının yaygınlaştırılmasını sağlamak amacıyla
yapılmıştır.

Yöntem: Bu makalede gebelik sürecinde tütün kullanan bir gebe SİM’e göre değerlendirilmiştir.

Bulgular: Otuz iki yaşında, ilkokul mezunu, ev hanımı olan hastamız eşi ve çocukları ile şehir merkezinde yaşadığını belirtmiştir. Beşinci
gebeliğinin olduğunu, dört vajinal doğum yaptığını ve dört yaşayan çocuğunun (G:4, P:4, Y:4) olduğunu ifade etmiştir. 38 haftalık gebe olan
hastamız doğum oral kontraseptif kullanırken gebe kaldığını ancak bebeğini istediğini söylemiştir. Hastamız 21.30’da fetüs hareketlerini
hissedememesi nedeniyle hastanenin acil servisine başvurmuş ve burada muayenesi yapılmıştır. Ultrasonografi, Nonstres Test (NST) ve vajinal
muayene sonrasında "Fetal Hareketlerde Azalma" tanısı koyulmuştur ve saat 22.10’da doğum servisine yatışı yapılmıştır. Ancak, NST
sonucunda fetal kalp atımları normal aralıkta olup, kontraksiyon izlenmemiştir. Tıbbi öyküsünde günde ortalama 4-5 adet sigara kullandığını
belirtmiştir ve tanısı ‘‘Tütün Bağımlısı Gebe” olarak değiştirilmiştir.

Sonuç: SİM sağlıkla ilgili davranışların değişiminde ve sürdürülmesinde yol gösterici olarak kullanılan en yaygın modellerden biridir. Sigara
içme gibi sağlıkla ilgili olumsuz davranışları önlemek ve değiştirmek amacıyla sağlık eğitimi alanında da kullanılması önem taşımaktadır.

Keywords

Hemşirelik Süreci, Hemşirelik Modelleri, Tütün Bağımlılığı

An Example of Health Belief Model: Tobacco Addiction in Pregnant Woman

Abstract

Aim: Health Belief Model (HBM) is quite effective in terms of explaining the attitudes that preserve and develop health in addition to what
motivates or prevents patients' compliance to treatment in many health issues. If we can identify the beliefs and attitudes that are seen as
problems based on the model, it should enable us to provide health education or treatment methods which suit that individual. This study is
conducted with the aim of guiding a tobacco addict pregnant woman’s education about this subject and facilitation of generalizing the usage of
the model in nursing care applications.

Method: In this study, a pregnant woman who is smoking during her pregnancy period is assessed in accordance to HBM.

Results:Our patient, a thirty-two years old, primary school graduate housewife stated that she is living in the city center with her husband and
children. She stated that this is her fifth pregnancy and added that she had four vaginal deliveries and four living children (G:4, P:4, Y:4). Our
patient, who was 38 weeks pregnant, said that she became pregnant when she was taking the oral contraceptive pill, but wanted to have her baby.
Our patient was admitted to the emergency department of the hospital at 21.30 because she did not feel the movements of the baby and she was
examined here. Ultrasonography, Nonstress Test (NST) and vaginal examination diagnosed the situation as decreased fetal movement and she
was hospitalized in the birth service at 22.10. However, in her NST results, it is seen that fetal heart rate is in normal intervals and no
contractions are observed. In her medical history, she stated that she smoked 4-5 cigarettes per day on average and the diagnosis of our patient
was changed to Tobacco Dependent Pregnancy.

Conclusions: HBM is one of the most common models used as a guide in changing and maintaining health-related behaviors. For preventing
and changing the health-related negative behaviors such as smoking, its utilization carries importance

Keywords

Nursing Models, Nursing Process, Tobacco Dependence

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