Kenevir (Cannabis sativa L.) Bitkilerinde Görülen Virüs Kaynaklı Hastalıklar

Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 111 - 119, 29.02.2020

Mehmet Ali Şevik

https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.663715

Abstract

Kenevir (Cannabis sativa L.), Cannabaceae familyası Cannabis cinsi içerisinde yer almaktadır. C. sativa’nın bir

varyetesi olan endüstriyel kenevir (C. sativa ssp. vulgaris L.) kültürü yapılan önemli bir endüstri bitkisidir. Endüstriyel

kenevir insanlık tarihinin en eski bitkisel ham madde kaynaklarından birisi olarak bilinmektedir. Kenevir; tohum, yağ, giysi,

ip, kâğıt, yalıtım malzemesi, kozmetik ürünler, biyolojik olarak parçalanabilen plastikler, inşaat malzemesi, reçine, yakıt vb.

gibi çeşitli ürünler elde etmek amacıyla yetiştirilmektedir. Kenevir çevre şartlarına, hastalık ve zararlılara karşı oldukça

hassastır. Olumsuz çevre koşullarında bitkiler hastalıklara daha yatkın hale gelmektedir. Kenevir bitkilerinde 100'den fazla

mikroorganizma (fungus, bakteri, virüs vd.) hastalık oluşturabilmektedir. Yapılan birçok çalışmada; kenevir çizgi virüsü

(HSV), kenevir mozaik virüsü (HMV), yonca mozaik virüsü (AMV), hıyar mozaik virüsü (CMV) ve arabis mozaik virüsü

(ArMV)’nün kenevir çeşitlerinde hastalıklara neden olduğu rapor edilmiştir. Ayrıca tütün mozaik virüsü (TMV), tütün

halkalı leke virüsü (TRSV), tütün çizgi virüsü (TSV), domates halkalı leke virüsü (TomRSV), taflan halkalı leke virüsü

(ERSV), karaağaç mozaik virüsü (EMV), tilkikuyruğu mozaik virüsü (FMV) kenevir bitkilerinden izole edilmiştir. Son

yıllarda kenevir virüsleri üzerinde yapılan çalışmalarda ise, şekerpancarı tepe kıvırcıklık virüsü (BCTV) ve marul kloroz

virüsü (LCV)’nün kenevir bitkilerinde enfeksiyon gerçekleştirdiği rapor edilmiştir.

Keywords

Cannabis, kenevir, hastalık, virüs, vektör

Virus-Induced Diseases in Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Plants

Abstract

Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) belongs to Cannabis genus in Cannabinaceae family. Industrial hemp (C. sativa var.

vulgaris L.), a variant of the C. sativa, is an important industrial crop. Industrial hemp is one of the oldest raw material

resource crops know to humans. Hemp is cultivated to produce a vast variety of products such as hemp seeds, hemp oil,

clothing, rope, paper, insulation, cosmetics, biodegradable plastics, construction material, resin, fuel, etc. Hemp is very

sensitive to environmental conditions, diseases, and pests. Plants are more susceptible to diseases in adverse environmental

conditions. More than 100 microorganisms (fungi, bacteria, virus, etc.) can cause disease in cannabis. In many studies

conducted; hemp streak virus (HSV), hemp mosaic virus (HMV), alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), cucumber mosaic virus

(CMV) and arabis mosaic virus (ArMV) have been reported to cause diseases in hemp varieties. Also, tobacco mosaic virus

(TMV), tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV), tobacco streak virus (TSV), tomato ringspot virus (TomRSV), eunoymous ringspot

virus (ERSV), elm mosaic virus (EMV), and foxtail mosaic virus (FMV) are isolated from hemp plants. In recent years,

studies on cannabis viruses have reported that beet curly top virus (BCTV) and lettuce chlorosis virus (LCV) infect cannabis

plants.

Keywords

Cannabis, hemp, disease, virus, vector

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