Alan Kullanım Değişikliği ve Kentleşmenin Yarasalar Üzerindeki Etkisi

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 100 - 108, 31.12.2023

Omer Solak Amet

Abstract

Yarasalar birçok habitata adapte olmuş uçabilen memelilerdir. Beslenme özellikleri ile ekosisteme katkılar sunmaktadırlar. Böceklerle beslenen yarasalar böcek kontrolünü, meyve ile beslenen yarasalar tohum dağılımını, nektarla beslenen yarasalar ise tozlaşma olayını gerçekleştirerek yeni bitki nesillerinin ortaya çıkmasını sağlamaktadır. Fakat yarasa popülasyonları ormansızlaşma, kentleşme ve tarım arazileri gibi alan kullanım değişikliği süreçlerinden negatif yönde etkilenmektedirler. Tünekleri yok edilmekte, kentsel alanlardan dışlanmakta, besin arama alanlarını yitirmekte, rekabet ve predatörlere daha sık maruz kalmaktadırlar. Bu risk faktörlerini oluşturan başlıca etmen antropojenik faaliyetlerdir. Bu faaliyetler sonucu dünya hızlı bir değişim süreci geçirmekte ve bu süreçte doğal alanlar yerini büyük ölçüde kentlere, plantasyonlara ve tahrip edilmiş alanlara bırakmaktadır. Doğal alanlarının tahribi ile yarasalar değişen yeni ortamlarına uyum sağlamaya mecbur kalmakta veya dışlanmaktadır. Yarasaların kentleşmeye olan tepkileri türe özgüdür ve bu tepkileri onlara biyoindikatör olma potansiyeli kazandırmaktadır. Bazı türler değişen ortamlardan yarar sağlamakta bazı türler ise bir yok oluşa sürüklenmektedir. Hayvan davranışlarını takip etmek, popülasyonların kentsel ve kırsal ortamlardaki sorunlara ne tür çözümler ürettiklerini anlayabilmek önem arz etmektedir. Böylesine hızlı değişen dünyaya yarasaların verdiği yanıtlar ve geliştirdikleri çözümler ne kadar çabuk anlaşılırsa gereken önlemlerin alınması o kadar hızlı olacaktır.

Keywords

Chiroptera, habitat kaybı, antropojenik faaliyetler, ormansızlaşma, tarım uygulamaları

The Impact of Land use Change and Urbanization on Bats

Abstract

Bats are flying mammals that have adapted to many habitats. They contribute to the ecosystem through their feeding habits. Insect-eating bats provide insect control, fruit-eating bats facilitate seed dispersal, and nectar-feeding bats aid in pollination, allowing for the emergence of new plant generations. However, bat populations are negatively affected by processes such as deforestation, urbanization, and changes in land use for agriculture. Their roosts are destroyed, they are excluded from urban areas, they lose their foraging areas, and they are exposed to increased competition and predators. The main factors contributing to these risks are anthropogenic activities. As a result of these activities, the world is undergoing rapid change, with natural areas being largely replaced by cities, plantations, and degraded lands. Bats are either forced to adapt to their changing environments or are excluded from them due to the destruction of their natural habitats. The responses of bats to urbanization are species-specific, and these responses have the potential to make them bioindicators. Some species benefit from the changing environments, while others are pushed toward extinction. Monitoring animal behaviors and understanding the solutions that populations develop in urban and rural environments is important. The faster we can understand the responses and solutions that bats provide to this rapidly changing world, the quicker we can take the necessary measures.

Keywords

Chiroptera, habitat loss, anthropogenic activities, deforestation, agricultural applications

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