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ARABIC POETRY IN TIMBUKTU DURING THE 19th AND 20th CENTURIES: A MODEL STUDY

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 399 - 416, 30.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.37999/udekad.1482942

Abstract

The written Arabic literary tradition of the Malian desert in West Africa remains largely unknown to the region's inhabitants and the wider Arab and Islamic world. Despite its distance from the traditional centers of Arabic poetry in the Arabian Peninsula, this literature deserves far more attention than it has received. Unfortunately, it has not been given the scholarly consideration it deserves in the research and studies conducted on this country, which could reveal its unique characteristics as a form of Malian African literature written in Arabic and its undeniable value regarding its scientific, cultural, and historical significance. The people inhabiting the Malian desert, including the Soninke, the Berbers, and particularly the Tuareg tribes, developed an Arabic sensibility and literary flair, leading them to compose works in various genres, including religious, linguistic, and literary texts, all at a high level. They also served as living models for others when writing poetry in classical Arabic. The literary renaissance in the northern Malian region emerged in the first half of the 19th century, spearheaded by poets from prominent Arab tribes such as the Tuareg, the Ansar, and the Kunta, as well as their disciples and the 20th century witnessed the rise of numerous poets who excelled in various literary fields. Tuareg poets have written on different subjects, including love, praise, elegy, description, satire, supplication, and prayer. Their poems incorporate many rhetorical and stylistic devices and are characterized by their beauty and sweetness of style.

References

  • Ag, M. M. (2020). al-shiʻr al-ʻArabī ʻinda al-Ṭawāriq kull aswk anmūdhajan, Faḍāʼāt lil-Nashr wa-al-Tawzīʻ.
  • al-ʻAbbādī. A. (1984). fī Tārīkh al-Maghrib wa-al-Andalusī. Dār al-Nahḍah al-ʻArabīyah.
  • al-Anṣārī, Umar. (2006). al-rijāl al-zurq, al-Ṭawāriq al-usṭūrah wa-al-wāqiʻ. Dār al-Sāqī.
  • al-Dālī, H. (1996). min Rawāʼiʻ adab Afrīqiyā fīmā warāʼ al-ṣaḥrāʼ. Dār Ṣanīn lil-Ṭibāʻah wa-al-Nashr wa-al-Tawzīʻ.
  • al-Ḥasanī, A. (n.d.). Dīwān al-Luʼluʼ almnswq fī ashʻār ahl al-Sūq. Maktabat Gao.
  • al-Idrīsī, M. (2010). al-Madāris al-adabīyah fī ṣaḥrāʼ al-Ṭawāriq. Dār Usāmah lil-Nashr wa-al-Tawzīʻ.
  • al-Jakanī, A. (2004). Thamarāt al-Jinān fī shuʻarāʼ Banī jākān. Dār al-Maḥabbah, Bayrūt, Dār Āyat.
  • al-Qashshāṭ, M. S. (1994) ṣaḥrāʼ al-ʻArab al-Kubrá. Dār al-Rūwād lil-Ṭibāʻah wa-al-Nashr wa-al-Tawzīʻ.
  • al-Sūqī, A. (n.d.). al-jawhar al-thamīn fī Akhbār ṣaḥrāʼ almlthmyn. Maktabat Gao.
  • Ālūsī, H. (2010). al-Ṭawāriq alshshaʻbu wa-al-qaḍīyah. Dār Abī Raqrāq lil-Ṭibāʻah wa-al-Nashr.
  • Dandash, I. (1988). Dawr al-Murābiṭīn fī Nashr al-Islām fī Gharb Ifrīqiyā 1121-1038. Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī.
  • Ḥāmid, M. (1990). Hayāt Mūrītāniyā (al-ḥayāh al-Thaqāfīyah). al-Dār al-ʻArabīyah lil-Kitāb.
  • Ibn Khaldūn, A. (1971). Kitāb al-ʻibar wa-dīwān al-mubtadaʼ wa-al-khabar fī Ayyām al-ʻArab wa-al-ʻAjam wa-al-Barbar wa-man ʻāṣarahum min dhawī al-Sulṭān al-akbar. Muʼassasat al-Aʻlamī lil-Maṭbūʻāt.
  • Zaghlūl, S. (1995). Tārīkh al-Maghrib al-ʻArabī. Munshaʼat al-Maʻārif bi-al-Iskandarīyah.
  • Ẓarīf, M. (2003). al-ḥayāh al-adabīyah fī Zāwiyah al-Shaykh Māʼ al-ʻAynayn : min al-taʼsīs ilá qiyām al-Masīrah al-Khaḍrāʼ. Manshūrāt Muʼassasat al-Shaykh Murabbīhi Rabbih li-Iḥyāʼ al-Turāth wa-al-Tabādul al-Thaqāfī.

19. VE 20. YÜZYILLARDA TİMBUKTU’DA ARAP ŞİİRİ ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 399 - 416, 30.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.37999/udekad.1482942

Abstract

Batı Afrika'daki Mali çölünde var olan yazılı Arap edebiyat geleneği hem bölge halkı hem de daha geniş Arap ve İslam dünyası tarafından büyük ölçüde bilinmemektedir. Arap Yarımadası'ndaki geleneksel Arap şiir merkezlerinden uzak olmasına rağmen, bu edebiyat, şu ana kadar aldığı ilgiden çok daha fazlasını hak etmektedir. Ne yazık ki, Mali üzerine yapılan araştırmalarda ve çalışmalarda, bilimsel açıdan gereken ilgiyi görmemiştir. Bu durum, Mali'nin Arapça yazılmış bir Afrika edebiyatı formu olarak kendine özgü özelliklerini ve bilimsel, kültürel ve tarihsel açıdan yadsınamaz değerini ortaya çıkarabilecek kapsamlı incelemeleri engellemektedir. Mali çölünde yaşayan Songhay, Berberiler ve özellikle Tuareg kabileleri, Arapça hassasiyetleri ve edebi yetenekleri geliştirerek dini, dilbilimsel ve edebi metinler dahil olmak üzere çeşitli türlerde yüksek seviyede eserler vermeyi başarmışlardır. Aynı zamanda, klasik Arapça şiir yazmada başkaları için de canlı modeller olmuşlardır. Kuzey Mali bölgesindeki gerçek edebi rönesans, 19. yüzyılın ilk yarısında Tuareg, Ensâr ve Kunta gibi önemli Arap kabilelerinin şairleri ve öğrencileri öncülüğünde ortaya çıkmıştır. 20. yüzyılda ise çeşitli edebi alanlarda yeteneklerini sergileyen birçok şair yetişmiştir. Tuareg şairleri, gazel, övgü, ağıt, betimleme, hiciv, yakarma ve dua gibi geniş bir yelpazede şiirler kaleme almışlardır. Şiirlerinde birçok retorik ve üslup unsuru kullanmışlardır. Kaleme aldıkları şiir ve kasideleri ise, akıcılık ve güzel üslup kullanımıyla öne çıkmıştır.

References

  • Ag, M. M. (2020). al-shiʻr al-ʻArabī ʻinda al-Ṭawāriq kull aswk anmūdhajan, Faḍāʼāt lil-Nashr wa-al-Tawzīʻ.
  • al-ʻAbbādī. A. (1984). fī Tārīkh al-Maghrib wa-al-Andalusī. Dār al-Nahḍah al-ʻArabīyah.
  • al-Anṣārī, Umar. (2006). al-rijāl al-zurq, al-Ṭawāriq al-usṭūrah wa-al-wāqiʻ. Dār al-Sāqī.
  • al-Dālī, H. (1996). min Rawāʼiʻ adab Afrīqiyā fīmā warāʼ al-ṣaḥrāʼ. Dār Ṣanīn lil-Ṭibāʻah wa-al-Nashr wa-al-Tawzīʻ.
  • al-Ḥasanī, A. (n.d.). Dīwān al-Luʼluʼ almnswq fī ashʻār ahl al-Sūq. Maktabat Gao.
  • al-Idrīsī, M. (2010). al-Madāris al-adabīyah fī ṣaḥrāʼ al-Ṭawāriq. Dār Usāmah lil-Nashr wa-al-Tawzīʻ.
  • al-Jakanī, A. (2004). Thamarāt al-Jinān fī shuʻarāʼ Banī jākān. Dār al-Maḥabbah, Bayrūt, Dār Āyat.
  • al-Qashshāṭ, M. S. (1994) ṣaḥrāʼ al-ʻArab al-Kubrá. Dār al-Rūwād lil-Ṭibāʻah wa-al-Nashr wa-al-Tawzīʻ.
  • al-Sūqī, A. (n.d.). al-jawhar al-thamīn fī Akhbār ṣaḥrāʼ almlthmyn. Maktabat Gao.
  • Ālūsī, H. (2010). al-Ṭawāriq alshshaʻbu wa-al-qaḍīyah. Dār Abī Raqrāq lil-Ṭibāʻah wa-al-Nashr.
  • Dandash, I. (1988). Dawr al-Murābiṭīn fī Nashr al-Islām fī Gharb Ifrīqiyā 1121-1038. Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī.
  • Ḥāmid, M. (1990). Hayāt Mūrītāniyā (al-ḥayāh al-Thaqāfīyah). al-Dār al-ʻArabīyah lil-Kitāb.
  • Ibn Khaldūn, A. (1971). Kitāb al-ʻibar wa-dīwān al-mubtadaʼ wa-al-khabar fī Ayyām al-ʻArab wa-al-ʻAjam wa-al-Barbar wa-man ʻāṣarahum min dhawī al-Sulṭān al-akbar. Muʼassasat al-Aʻlamī lil-Maṭbūʻāt.
  • Zaghlūl, S. (1995). Tārīkh al-Maghrib al-ʻArabī. Munshaʼat al-Maʻārif bi-al-Iskandarīyah.
  • Ẓarīf, M. (2003). al-ḥayāh al-adabīyah fī Zāwiyah al-Shaykh Māʼ al-ʻAynayn : min al-taʼsīs ilá qiyām al-Masīrah al-Khaḍrāʼ. Manshūrāt Muʼassasat al-Shaykh Murabbīhi Rabbih li-Iḥyāʼ al-Turāth wa-al-Tabādul al-Thaqāfī.
There are 15 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Arabic Language, Literature and Culture
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Mohamadou Aboubacar Maiga 0000-0001-7586-2754

Early Pub Date September 29, 2024
Publication Date September 30, 2024
Submission Date May 13, 2024
Acceptance Date July 31, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 7 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Maiga, M. A. (2024). ARABIC POETRY IN TIMBUKTU DURING THE 19th AND 20th CENTURIES: A MODEL STUDY. Uluslararası Dil Edebiyat Ve Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(3), 399-416. https://doi.org/10.37999/udekad.1482942

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