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SOSYAL STATÜ BAĞLAMINDA NEZAKET STRATEJİLERİ: MOLİERE’İN KİBARLIK BUDALASI ÖRNEĞİ

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 120 - 134, 28.03.2025
https://doi.org/10.37999/udekad.1612462

Abstract

Dilin sosyal statü ve güç ilişkilerini yansıtma yetisi, iletişimde stratejik kullanımları da beraberinde getirir. Nezaket stratejileri, bireyler arasındaki sosyal mesafeyi, güç farkını ve yükümlülük derecesini düzenlemek için kullanılan dilsel araçlardır. Bu çalışmada, Fransız oyun yazarı Jean-Baptiste Poquelin ya da bilinen adıyla Molière’in Kibarlık Budalası’nda sosyal statü farklarının nezaket stratejilerinin kullanımı üzerindeki etkisi ve bu stratejilerin maddi ve manevi çıkarlar doğrultusunda manipülasyon aracı olarak nasıl işlev gördüğü incelenmiştir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, dilin yüksek ve düşük sosyal statüdeki karakterler tarafından manipülatif bir şekilde kullanılarak nezaketi basit bir kibarlık göstergesi olmaktan çıkarıp nasıl bir kontrol ve sosyal etki aracına dönüştüğünü incelemektir. Nitel metin analizi yöntemiyle eserdeki ilgili diyaloglar incelenmiş, Brown ve Levinson’un Nezaket Kuramı çerçevesinde olumlu ve olumsuz nezaket stratejilerinin manipülatif kullanımı ortaya koyulmuştur. Amerikalı sosyolog Erving Goffman’ın Yüz Koruma Kuramı, İngiliz filozof Herbert Paul Grice’in İşbirliği İlkesi Kuramı ve Fransız sosyolog, antropolog ve filozof Pierre Bourdieu’nün Sembolik Sermaye Kuramı da analiz sürecine dahil edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, eserdeki ana karakter olan Mösyö Jourdain’in sosyal statü arzusu ve zaaflarının, eserdeki diğer karakterler tarafından manipülatif nezaket stratejileri aracılığıyla sistematik olarak sömürüldüğünü göstermektedir. Bu durum, dilin nezaket stratejileri aracılığıyla bir kontrol ve çıkar sağlama aracı haline geldiğini ortaya koymaktadır.

References

  • Bou-Franch, P. (2020). Pragmatics and digital discourse in Spanish research. In The Routledge handbook of Spanish pragmatics (pp. 533-547). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429455643-39
  • Bourdieu, P. (1979). La distinction:Ccritique sociale du jugement. Editions de Minuit.
  • Brown, P., & Levinson, S. C. (1987). Politeness: Some universals in language usage. Cambridge University Press.
  • Culpeper, J. (2011). Impoliteness: Using Language to Cause Offence. Cambridge University Press.
  • Dirhoussi, L., & El Bouazzaoui, M. (2022). La distinction sociale et culturelle dans Le Bourgeois gentilhomme de Molière: Essai de lecture à partir de la théorie de Pierre Bourdieu. Synergies Turquie, 15, 59-70.
  • Goffman, E. (1967). Interaction Ritual: Essays on Face-to-Face Behavior. Pantheon Books.
  • Goffman, E. (2003). On face-work: An analysis of ritual elements in social interaction. Reflections, 4 (3), 7-14. https://doi.org/10.1162/15241730360580159
  • Grice, H. P. (1975). Logic and Conversation. In P. Cole & J. L. Morgan (Eds.). Syntax and semantics: Vol. 3. Speech Acts (pp. 41-58). Academic Press.
  • Holmes, J. (1995). Women, men and politeness. Longman.
  • Hymes, D. (1972). On communicative competence. In J. B. Pride & J. Holmes (Eds.). Sociolinguistics (pp. 269-293). Penguin.
  • Kádár, D. Z., & Haugh, M. (2013). Understanding politeness. Cambridge University Press.
  • Kılıçeri, N. Ö. (2022). Observations sémiotiques sur Le Bourgeois gentilhomme. Synergies Turquie, 15, 45-58.
  • Leech, G. N. (1983). Principles of pragmatics. Longman.
  • Locher, M. A., & Graham, S. L. (2010). Introduction to interpersonal pragmatics. In M. A. Locher & S. L. Graham (Eds.). Interpersonal pragmatics (pp. 1-13). De Gruyter Mouton.
  • Molière, J. B. P., (1998). Tartuffe (R. Wilbur, Trans.). Harcourt Brace. (Orijinal çalışma 1664)
  • Molière, J. B. P., (2015). Kibarlık budalası. (B. Günen, Çev.). Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları. (Orijinal çalışma 1670)
  • Peifer, M. (2000). Autonymie et connotation autonymique dans Le Bourgeois gentilhomme de Molière. L'information grammaticale, 85 (1), 11-14.
  • Shakespeare, W. (2004). Othello (M. Neill, Ed.). Oxford University Press. (Orijinal çalışma 1604).
  • Simpson, P. (2003). Language through literature: An introduction. London: Routledge.
  • Watts, R. J. (2003). Politeness. Cambridge University Press.

POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIAL STATUS: THE CASE OF MOLIERE'S THE BOURGEOIS GENTLEMAN

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 120 - 134, 28.03.2025
https://doi.org/10.37999/udekad.1612462

Abstract

The ability of language to reflect social status and power dynamics also brings with it strategic uses in communication. Politeness strategies are linguistic tools used to regulate social distance, power differences, and the degree of imposition between individuals. This study examines the impact of social status differences on the use of politeness strategies in The Bourgeois Gentleman by French playwright Jean-Baptiste Poquelin Molière, and how these strategies function as tools of manipulation in line with material and moral interests. The aim of this research is to analyse how language, through its manipulative use by characters of higher and lower social status, transforms politeness from a mere act of courtesy into a tool of control and social influence. Using a qualitative text analysis method, relevant dialogues in the play were analysed within the framework of Brown and Levinson’s Politeness Theory, revealing the manipulative use of positive and negative politeness strategies. The analysis also incorporates American sociologist Erving Goffman’s Face-Saving Theory, English philosopher Herbert Paul Grice’s Cooperative Principal Theory, and French sociologist, anthropologist, and philosopher Pierre Bourdieu’s Symbolic Capital Theory. The findings demonstrate that the main character, Monsieur Jourdain, is systematically exploited by other characters through manipulative politeness strategies that target his desire for social status and his weaknesses. This reveals how politeness strategies, through language, can become tools of control and personal gain.

References

  • Bou-Franch, P. (2020). Pragmatics and digital discourse in Spanish research. In The Routledge handbook of Spanish pragmatics (pp. 533-547). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429455643-39
  • Bourdieu, P. (1979). La distinction:Ccritique sociale du jugement. Editions de Minuit.
  • Brown, P., & Levinson, S. C. (1987). Politeness: Some universals in language usage. Cambridge University Press.
  • Culpeper, J. (2011). Impoliteness: Using Language to Cause Offence. Cambridge University Press.
  • Dirhoussi, L., & El Bouazzaoui, M. (2022). La distinction sociale et culturelle dans Le Bourgeois gentilhomme de Molière: Essai de lecture à partir de la théorie de Pierre Bourdieu. Synergies Turquie, 15, 59-70.
  • Goffman, E. (1967). Interaction Ritual: Essays on Face-to-Face Behavior. Pantheon Books.
  • Goffman, E. (2003). On face-work: An analysis of ritual elements in social interaction. Reflections, 4 (3), 7-14. https://doi.org/10.1162/15241730360580159
  • Grice, H. P. (1975). Logic and Conversation. In P. Cole & J. L. Morgan (Eds.). Syntax and semantics: Vol. 3. Speech Acts (pp. 41-58). Academic Press.
  • Holmes, J. (1995). Women, men and politeness. Longman.
  • Hymes, D. (1972). On communicative competence. In J. B. Pride & J. Holmes (Eds.). Sociolinguistics (pp. 269-293). Penguin.
  • Kádár, D. Z., & Haugh, M. (2013). Understanding politeness. Cambridge University Press.
  • Kılıçeri, N. Ö. (2022). Observations sémiotiques sur Le Bourgeois gentilhomme. Synergies Turquie, 15, 45-58.
  • Leech, G. N. (1983). Principles of pragmatics. Longman.
  • Locher, M. A., & Graham, S. L. (2010). Introduction to interpersonal pragmatics. In M. A. Locher & S. L. Graham (Eds.). Interpersonal pragmatics (pp. 1-13). De Gruyter Mouton.
  • Molière, J. B. P., (1998). Tartuffe (R. Wilbur, Trans.). Harcourt Brace. (Orijinal çalışma 1664)
  • Molière, J. B. P., (2015). Kibarlık budalası. (B. Günen, Çev.). Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları. (Orijinal çalışma 1670)
  • Peifer, M. (2000). Autonymie et connotation autonymique dans Le Bourgeois gentilhomme de Molière. L'information grammaticale, 85 (1), 11-14.
  • Shakespeare, W. (2004). Othello (M. Neill, Ed.). Oxford University Press. (Orijinal çalışma 1604).
  • Simpson, P. (2003). Language through literature: An introduction. London: Routledge.
  • Watts, R. J. (2003). Politeness. Cambridge University Press.
There are 20 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Discourse and Pragmatics, French Language, Literature and Culture
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Gülden Pamukcu 0000-0002-1627-8889

Early Pub Date March 27, 2025
Publication Date March 28, 2025
Submission Date January 2, 2025
Acceptance Date February 27, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 8 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Pamukcu, G. (2025). SOSYAL STATÜ BAĞLAMINDA NEZAKET STRATEJİLERİ: MOLİERE’İN KİBARLIK BUDALASI ÖRNEĞİ. Uluslararası Dil Edebiyat Ve Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(1), 120-134. https://doi.org/10.37999/udekad.1612462

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