1857 Büyük Hint İsyanının İngilizlere Etkisi

Year 2020, Volume: 3 Issue: 5, 29 - 45, 26.06.2020

Hüseyin Günarslan

https://doi.org/10.35235/uicd.588671

Abstract

1857 Büyük Hint isyanı İngilizlerin kolonilerin de karşılaştıkları en büyük isyan hareketi olarak İngiliz tarihinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Hindistan İngilizler için doğunun zenginliklerini İngilizlere sunan bir kolonidir. Ülkeye ilk olarak ticari faaliyetler için gelen İngilizler büyük servetler elde etmişlerdi. Bu servet sayesinde İngiltere güçlü bir ülke haline gelmişti. Hindistan’da kurulan özel ordular da yüz binlerce Hintli maaşlı asker istihdam edilmiş ve ülke bu askerler sayesinde daha fazla sömürülmüştür. Hint halkı yıllar içinde birçok sebepten dolayı İngilizler’den şikâyet etmeye başlamıştır. Nihayetinde İngilizlerin dünya üzerindeki en güçlü döneminde gerçekleşen 1857 isyanı büyüklüğü ve binlerce İngiliz’in hayatına sebep olması açısından İngilizler üzerinde önemli etkiler bırakmıştır. Özellikle Kanpur’da masum İngiliz bayan ve çocukların öldürülmesi İngiliz toplumunda infiale sebep olmuştur. İngiliz halkı isyanı Hintlilerin bir özgürlük mücadelesi olarak görmemiştir. Hintli halkın İngilizlere karşı gelebilmesi bile toplum tarafından nefretle karşılanmıştır. Bundan dolayı çalışmamız 1857 isyanının İngilizler üzerindeki etkilerini ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlamıştır. Bu sayede İngilizlerin bağımsızlık mücadelesi vermek için çabalayan Hint halkına bakış açısı da tam olarak ortaya konulabilecektir. İngiliz halkı ve yöneticileri yaşanan isyan hareketinden Hindistan’ı yöneten Doğu Hindistan şirketini sorumlu tutmuşlardır. Kraliçe adına ülkeyi yöneten şirketin yanlış politikaları sonucu Hintlilerin isyan ettiklerine inanılmıştır. Böylece 250 yıldır Hindistan’ı yöneten şirketin faaliyetlerine son verilme kararı alınmıştır. Bu çalışma İngiliz yetkililerin şirkete nasıl son verdiklerini ve Hindistan için nasıl bir yönetim yapılanmasına gittiklerini de ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışma 1857 Hint isyanının İngilizler üzerindeki etkisini ortaya koymakla birlikte koloni dönemi İngiliz-Hint tarihi çalışmaları içinde önem arz etmektedir. Gelecekte yapılacak İngiliz ve Hint tarihi çalışmalarının bir parçası olarak daha detaylı çalışmaların ortaya konulacağı düşünülmektedir. 

Keywords

Hindistan, İngiltere, İsyan, Doğu Hindistan Şirketi, Bengal Ordusu

Influence of the 1857 Great Indian Rebellion on the British

Abstract

1857 The Great Indian rebellion has an important place in British history as the biggest rebellion movement of the British in the colonies. India is a colony for the British who presents the riches of the east to the British. The British first came to the country for commercial activities and they had acquired great wealth. With this wealth, England had become a powerful country. Hundreds of thousands of Indian soldiers were employed in the special armies established in India and the country was further exploited by these soldiers. Over the years, the Indian people have begun to complain about the British for many reasons. In the end, the 1857 rebellion took place in the strongest period of the British history. Because thousands of British died, they had a significant impact on the British. The killing of innocent British women and children, especially in Kanpur, caused an infestation in British society. The British people did not see the revolt as a struggle for freedom by the Indians. Even the ability of the Indian people to oppose the British has been met with hatred by the society. Therefore, our study aimed to reveal the effects of the 1857 revolt on the British. In this way, the perspective of the British to the Indian people trying to the struggle for independence will be fully revealed. The British people and rulers held the Indian company which ruled India, responsible for the rebellion. It was believed that the Indians rebelled as a result of the wrong policies of the company that governed the country on behalf of the Queen. Thus, it was decided to put an end to the activities of the company governing India for 250 years. This study also reveals how the British authorities put an end to the company and what kind of management structure they had for India. This study revealed the impact of the 1857 Indian revolt on the British. In addition, this issue is important in the studies of British-Indian colony history. It is thought that more detailed studies will be presented as a part of future studies in English and Indian history.

Keywords

India, British, Rebellion, East India Company, Bengal Army

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