Paris İklim Anlaşmasına Teorik Yaklaşım: Neo-Neo Tartışması, Eko-Marksizm ve Yeşil Kapitalizm

Year 2017, Special Issue: The Paris Climate Summit and its Repercussions, 3 - 19, 01.06.2017

H. Akın Ünver

https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.513221

Cited By: 4

Abstract

Uluslararası iklim müzakerelerinde uzun yıllardır baş gösteren uyuşmazlıklar, uluslararası ilişkiler akademik ve bilimsel araştırmalarının ilgi odağı olmuştur. Bu çalışmalarda ekseriyetle, işbirliğini destekleyici ve bedavacılığı önleyici yeni müzakere ve dengeleme mekanizmaları geliştirerek, uluslararası güç eşitsizliklerini iklim konusunda birleştirmesinin yolları aranmıştır. Bu makale, ilk olarak 1997 Kyoto Anlaşması’nı takiben yapılan iklim müzakerelerinin neden başarısızlığa uğradığını ve bu başarısızlıkların 2015 Paris İklim Anlaşması ile nasıl çözülebildiğini neorealist ve neoliberal bağlam içerisinde konumlandırmaktadır. Özellikle enerji güvenliğinin sistemsel anarşi, özyardım ve göreli çıkar tespitlerine, neoliberal kurumsalcılığın verdiği kompleks çoklu-bağımlılık ve mutlak çıkar cevapları, iklim müzakerelerinin başarısı hakkında teorik bir cevap vermektedir. Makale, neo-neo tartışması kadar, iki yeni sistemsel teorik yaklaşımı da (Eko-Marksizm ve Yeşil Kapitalizm) karşılaştırmakta, bu sayede karbon salınımı ve iklim konularında cereyan eden önemli bir teorik tartışmayı, uluslararası ilişkiler literatürü içinde konumlandırmaya çalışmaktadır.

Keywords

İklim ve Çevre Politikası, Neorealizm, Neoliberal Kurumsalcılık, Eko-Marksizm, Yeşil Kapitalizm

IR Theoretical Approach to the Paris Climate Agreement: Neo-Neo Debate, Eco-Marxism and Green Capitalism

Abstract

Continued inability of the international climate negotiations to reach a common resolution has been subject to academic and scientific research focus. These studies have focused on the ways of fostering cooperation and preventing free-riding in climate negotiations, through the development of balancing methods. This article first attempts to explore why climate negotiations since 1997 Kyoto Protocol have failed and how such failures could be overcome in 2015 Paris UN Climate Conference through a neorealist and neoliberal institutionalist context. Especially, neorealist concepts such as systemic anarchy, self-helf and relative gains, along with the neoliberal institutionalist response to them through complex interdependence and abolute gains, have been instrumental to crafting a theoretical answer to the success of most recent climate negotiations. The article then adds two new systemic-theoretical approach to the debate, namely Eco-Marxism and Green Capitalism, and aims to contextualize these approaches within international relations theoretical literature. 

Keywords

Climate and Environmental Policy, Neorealism, Neoliberal Institutionalism, Eco-Marxism, Green Capitalism

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