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BULANIK ÇOK KRİTERLİ KARAR VERME YAKLAŞIMI İLE TÜRKİYE İMALAT SANAYİİ’NDE PERFORMANS ÖLÇÜMÜ

Year 2020, Prof. Dr. Talha Ustasüleyman Special Issue, 31 - 56, 20.02.2020
https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.522799

Abstract

İşletmelerin geleceğe yönelik kararlarının başarısını iyi bir
performans değerlendirmesi yapılması oldukça etkilemektedir. Bu açıdan firmaların
performansının ölçülmesi hem kaynakların etkin kullanımında rol oynarken hem de
sektördeki rekabet durumunun tespit edilmesi hakkında yol göstermektedir.
Çalışmanın amacı, performans ölçümünün fazla sayıda faktörün dikkate alınmasını
gerektiren yapısı nedeniyle geleneksel yöntemler yerine çok kriterli karar
verme (ÇKKV) tekniklerini kullanarak bir uygulama sunmaktır. Çalışmada, Bulanık
ÇKKV yaklaşımı kullanılarak Türkiye İmalat Sanayii’nde faaliyet gösteren Borsa
İstanbul’da kayıtlı 8 ayrı sektörde bulunan işletmeler için performans sıralaması
yapılmıştır. Bu bağlamda literatüre uygun şekilde belirlenen finansal
performans değerlendirme kriterleri ışığında uygulama modeli oluşturulmuştur. Öncelikle
uzman görüşleri yardımıyla Bulanık Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci (BAHS) ile değerlendirme
kriterlerinin ağırlıklandırılması sağlanmıştır. Daha sonra, 8 sektörde faaliyet
gösteren 171 işletmenin verilerinden faydalanılarak, TOPSIS, VIKOR ve GİA (Gri
İlişkisel Analiz) yöntemleri ile firmaların sektörlere göre performans sıralamaları
elde edilmiştir. Her üç yöntemin uygulanmasından söz konusu firmalar için üç
ayrı performans sıralamasına ulaşılmıştır. Bu sıralamaları bütünleştirip tek
bir sonuca ulaşmak için, Borda
Sayım Yönteminden yararlanılmış ve nihai sıralamalar elde edilmiştir.

References

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  • Büyüközkan, G., Kahraman, C., ve Ruan, D. (2004). A Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Approach for Software Development Strategy Selection. International Journal of General Systems, 33 (2-3), 259-280.
  • Chan, F. T. S., ve Kumar, N. (2007). Global Supplier Development Considering Risk Factors Using Fuzzy Extended AHP-Based Approach. Omega, 35, 417-431
  • Chang, D. Y. (1996). Applications of the Extent Analysis Method on Fuzzy AHP. European Journal of Operational Research, 95, 649-655.
  • Chen, C. T., Lin, C. T., ve Huang, S. F. (2006). A Fuzzy Approach for Supplier Evaluation and Selection in Supply Chain Management. International Journal of Production Economics, 102, 289–301.
  • Chen, L. Y., ve Wang, T. C. (2009). Optimizing Partners’ Choice in IS/IT Outsourcing Projects: The Strategic Decision of Fuzzy VIKOR. International Journal of Production Economics, 120, 233-242.
  • Chen, M. F., ve Tzeng, G. H. (2004). Combining Grey Relation and TOPSIS Concepts for Selecting an Expatriate Host Country. Mathematical and Computer Modelling, 40, 1473-1490.
  • Chen, S. J. J., ve Hwang, C. L. (1992). Fuzzy Multiple Attribute Decision Making: Methods and Applications. New York: Springer-Verlag.
  • Chiu, W. Y., Tzeng G. H., ve Li H. L. (2013). A New Hybrid MCDM Model Combining DANP with VIKOR to Improve E-store Business. Knowledge-Based Systems, 37, 48–61.
  • Çakır, S. ve Perçin, S. (2013). Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Teknikleriyle Lojistik Firmalarında Performans Ölçümü. Ege Akademik Bakış, 13(4), 449-459.
  • Deng, H,, Yeh, C. H., ve Willis R. J. (2000). Inter-Company Comparison Using Modified TOPSIS with Objective Weights. Computers and Operations Research, 27, 963-973.
  • Dinçer, H., ve Görener, A. (2011). Performans Değerlendirmesinde AHP-VIKOR ve AHP-TOPSIS Yaklaşımları: Hizmet Sektöründe Bir Uygulama. Mühendislik ve Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, Sigma, 29, 244-260.
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  • El-Baz, M. A. (2011). Fuzzy Performance Measurement Of a Supply Chain in Manufacturing Companies. Expert Systems with Applications, 38, 6681–6688.
  • Ertuğrul, İ., ve Karakaşoğlu, N. (2008). Banka Şube Performanslarının VIKOR Yöntemi ile Değerlendirilmesi. Endüstri Mühendisliği Dergisi YA/EM Özel Sayısı, 20 (1), 19-28.
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  • Kahraman, C., Cebeci, U,, ve Ruan, D. (2004). Multi-Attribute Comparison of Catering Service Companies Using Fuzzy AHP: The Case of Turkey. International Journal of Production Economics, 87, 171-184.
  • Karsak, E. E. (2002). Distance-Based Fuzzy MCDM Approach for Evaluating Flexible Manufacturing System Alternatives. International Journal of Production Research, 40(13), 3167-3181.
  • Kaya, T., ve Kahraman, C. (2011),. Fuzzy Multiple Criteria Forestry Decision Making Based on an Integrated VIKOR and AHP Approach. Expert Systems with Applications, 38, 7326-7333
  • Kızılkaya Aydoğan, E. (2011). Performance Measurement Model for Turkish Aviation Firms Using the Rough-AHP and TOPSIS Methods Under Fuzzy Environment. Expert Systems with Applications, 38, 3992–3998.
  • Kung, C. Y., ve Wen, K.L. (2007). Applying Grey Relational Analysis and Grey Decision-Making To Evaluate The Relationship Between Company Attributes And Its Financial Performance-A Case Study of Venture Capital Enterprises in Taiwan. Decision Support Systems, 43, 842-852.
  • Kuo, Y., Yang, T., ve Huang, G. W. (2008). The Use of Grey Relational Analysis in Solving Multiple Attribute Decision-Making Problems. Computers and Industrial Engineering, 55, 80-93.
  • Lam, P. K., ve Chin, K. S. (2005). Identifying And Prioritizing Critical Success Factors For Conflict Management İn Collaborative New Product Development. Industrial Marketing Management, 34(8), 761-772.
  • Lin, C. T., ve Tsai, M. C. (2010). Location Choice for Direct Foreign Investment in New Hospitals in China by Using ANP and TOPSIS. Qualitative Quantitative, 44, 375-390.
  • Lumini, A., ve Nanni, L. (2006). Detector of İmage Orientation Based on Borda Count. Pattern Recognition Letters, 27, 180-186
  • Neely, A., Gregory, M., ve Platts, K. (2005). Performance Measurement System Design. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 25(12), 1228-1263.
  • Nuray, R., ve Fazlı, C. (2006). Automatic Ranking of Information Retrieval Systems Using Data Fusion. Information Processing and Management, 42, 595-614.
  • Opricovic, S., ve Tzeng G. H. (2004). Compromise Solution by MCDM Methods: A Comparative Analysis of VIKOR and TOPSIS. European Journal of Operational Research, 156, 445-455.
  • Opricovic, S., ve Tzeng G. H. (2007). Extended VIKOR Method in Comparison with Outranking Methods, European Journal of Operational Research, 178, 514–529.
  • Ou Yang, Y. P., Shieh H. M., Leu, J. D., ve Tzeng, G. H. (2009). A VIKOR-Based Multiple Criteria Decision Method for Improving Information Security Risk. International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making, 8(2), 267–287.
  • Ömürbek, N., ve Mercan, Y. (2014). İmalat Alt Sektörlerinin Finansa Performanslarının TOPSIS ve ELECTRE Yöntemleri İle Değerlendirilmesi. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(1), 237-266.
  • Önüt, S., Kara, S. S., ve Efendigil, T. (2008). A Hybrid Fuzzy MCDM Approach to Machine Tool Selection. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 19, 443-453.
  • Önüt, S., ve Soner, S. (2008). Transshipment Site Selection Using the AHP and TOPSIS Approaches Under Fuzzy Environment. Waste Management, 28, 1552-1559.
  • Perçin, S. (2009). Evaluation of Third-Party Logistics (3PL) Providers by Using a Two Phase AHP and TOPSIS Methodology. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 16(5), 588-604.
  • Perçin, S., ve Karakaya, A. (2012). Bulanık Karar Verme Yöntemleriyle Türkiye’de Bilişim Teknolojisi Firmalarının Finansal Performanslarının Değerlendirilmesi. Marmara Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 33(2), 241-266.
  • Reilly, B. (2002). Social Choice in the South Seas: Electoral Innovation and the Borda Count in the Pacific Island Countries. International Political Science Review, 23(4), 355-372.
  • Satty, T. L. (1990). How to Make a Decision: The Analytic Hierarchy Process. European Journal of Operational Research, 48, 9-26.
  • Sun, C. (2010). A Performance Evaluation Model by Integrating Fuzzy AHP and Fuzzy TOPSIS Methods. Expert Systems with Applications, 37, 7745-7754.
  • Tayyar, N., Akcanlı, F., Genç, E., ve Erem, I. (2014) BİST’e Kayıtlı Bilişim ve Teknoloji Alanında Faaliyet Gösteren İşletmelerin Finansal Performanslarının Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi (AHP) ve Gri İlişkisel Analiz (GİA) Yöntemiyle Değerlendirilmesi. Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi, Ocak, 19-40.
  • Tsai, H. Y., Huang B. H., ve Wang, A. S. (2008). Combining ANP and TOPSIS Concepts for Evaluation the Performance of Property-Liability Insurance Companies. Journal of Social Sciences, 4(1), 56-61.
  • Tseng, F. M., Chiu, Y. J., ve Chen, J. S. (2009). Measuring Business Performance in The High-Tech Manufacturing İndustry: A case Study of Taiwan’s Large-Sized TFT-LCD Panel Companies. Omega, 37, 686–697
  • Tung, C. T., ve Lee, Y. J. (2010). The İnnovative Performance Evaluation Model of Grey Factor Analysis: A Case Study of Listed Biotechnology Corporations in Taiwan. Expert Systems with Applications, 37, 7844–7851.
  • Uygurtürk, H., ve ve Korkmaz, T. (2012). Finansal Performansın TOPSIS Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Yöntemi ile Belirlenmesi: Ana Metal Sanayi İşletmeleri Üzerine Bir Uygulama. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 7(2), 95-15.
  • Wang Y. J. (2008). Applying FMCDM to Evaluate Financial Performance of Domestic Airlines in Taiwan. Expert Systems with Applications, 34, 1837–1845.
  • Wang, Y.L., ve Tzeng G. H. (2012). Brand Marketing for Creating Brand Value Based on a MCDM Model Combining DEMATEL with ANP and VIKOR Methods. Expert Systems with Applications, 39, 5600–5615.
  • Wang, Y. M., ve Luo, Y. (2010) Integration Of Correlations with Standard Deviations for Determining Attribute Weights in Multiple Attribute Decision Making. Mathematical and Computer Modelling, 51, 1-12.
  • Wu, C. R., Lin, C. T., ve Tsai, P. T. (2010). Evaluating Business Performance of Wealth Management Banks. European Journal of Operational Research, 207, 971–979.
  • Wu, H. Y., Lin, Y. K., ve Chang, C. H. (2011). Performance Evaluation of Extension Education Centers in Universities Based on the Balanced Scorecard. Evaluation and Program Planning, 34, 37–50.
  • Wu, H. Y., Tzeng, G. H., ve Chen Y. H. (2009). A Fuzzy MCDM Approach for Evaluating Banking Performance Based on Balanced Scorecard. Expert Systems with Applications, 36, 10135–10147.
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Year 2020, Prof. Dr. Talha Ustasüleyman Special Issue, 31 - 56, 20.02.2020
https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.522799

Abstract

References

  • Bülbül, S., ve Köse, A. (2011). Türk Gıda Şirketlerinin Finansal Performansının Çok Amaçlı Karar Verme Yöntemleriyle Değerlendirilmesi. Atatürk Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 10. Ekonometri ve İstatistik Sempozyumu Özel Sayısı, 71-97.
  • Büyüközkan, G., Kahraman, C., ve Ruan, D. (2004). A Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Approach for Software Development Strategy Selection. International Journal of General Systems, 33 (2-3), 259-280.
  • Chan, F. T. S., ve Kumar, N. (2007). Global Supplier Development Considering Risk Factors Using Fuzzy Extended AHP-Based Approach. Omega, 35, 417-431
  • Chang, D. Y. (1996). Applications of the Extent Analysis Method on Fuzzy AHP. European Journal of Operational Research, 95, 649-655.
  • Chen, C. T., Lin, C. T., ve Huang, S. F. (2006). A Fuzzy Approach for Supplier Evaluation and Selection in Supply Chain Management. International Journal of Production Economics, 102, 289–301.
  • Chen, L. Y., ve Wang, T. C. (2009). Optimizing Partners’ Choice in IS/IT Outsourcing Projects: The Strategic Decision of Fuzzy VIKOR. International Journal of Production Economics, 120, 233-242.
  • Chen, M. F., ve Tzeng, G. H. (2004). Combining Grey Relation and TOPSIS Concepts for Selecting an Expatriate Host Country. Mathematical and Computer Modelling, 40, 1473-1490.
  • Chen, S. J. J., ve Hwang, C. L. (1992). Fuzzy Multiple Attribute Decision Making: Methods and Applications. New York: Springer-Verlag.
  • Chiu, W. Y., Tzeng G. H., ve Li H. L. (2013). A New Hybrid MCDM Model Combining DANP with VIKOR to Improve E-store Business. Knowledge-Based Systems, 37, 48–61.
  • Çakır, S. ve Perçin, S. (2013). Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Teknikleriyle Lojistik Firmalarında Performans Ölçümü. Ege Akademik Bakış, 13(4), 449-459.
  • Deng, H,, Yeh, C. H., ve Willis R. J. (2000). Inter-Company Comparison Using Modified TOPSIS with Objective Weights. Computers and Operations Research, 27, 963-973.
  • Dinçer, H., ve Görener, A. (2011). Performans Değerlendirmesinde AHP-VIKOR ve AHP-TOPSIS Yaklaşımları: Hizmet Sektöründe Bir Uygulama. Mühendislik ve Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, Sigma, 29, 244-260.
  • Dumanoğlu, S. (2010). İMKB’de İşlem Gören Çimento Şirketlerinin Mali Performansının TOPSIS Yöntemi İle Değerlendirilmesi. Marmara Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 29(2), 323-339.
  • El-Baz, M. A. (2011). Fuzzy Performance Measurement Of a Supply Chain in Manufacturing Companies. Expert Systems with Applications, 38, 6681–6688.
  • Ertuğrul, İ., ve Karakaşoğlu, N. (2008). Banka Şube Performanslarının VIKOR Yöntemi ile Değerlendirilmesi. Endüstri Mühendisliği Dergisi YA/EM Özel Sayısı, 20 (1), 19-28.
  • Ertuğrul, İ., ve Karakaşoğlu, N. (2009). Performance Evaluation of Turkish Cement Firms with Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process and TOPSIS Methods. Expert Systems with Applications, 36, 702-715.
  • Feng, C. M., ve Wang, R. T. (2000). Performance Evaluation for Airlines Including the Consideration of Financial Ratios. Journal of Air Transport Management, 6, 133-142.
  • Garcia-Lapresta, J. L., ve Martinez-Panero, M. (2002). Borda Count Versus Approval Voting: A Fuzzy Approach. Public Choice, 112, 167-184.
  • Halkos, G. E., ve Tzeremes, N. H. (2012). Industry Performance Evaluation with the Use of Financial Ratios: An Application of Bootstrapped DEA. Expert Systems with Applications, 39, 5872–5880.
  • Ho, T. K., Hull, J. J., ve Srihari, S. N. (1994). Decision Combination in Multiple Classifier Systems. IEEE Transactions On Pattern Analysis And Machine Intelligence, 16(1), 66-75.
  • Hussain, M. M., ve Gunasekaran, A. (2002). An Institutional Perspective of Non-Financial Management Accounting Measures: A Review of the Financial Services Industry. Managerial Auditing Journal, 17(9), 518-536.
  • Ittner, C. D., Larcker, D. F., ve Randall, T. (2003). Performance Implications of Strategic Performance Measurement in Financial Services Firms. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 28, 715-741.
  • İslamoğlu, M., Apan, M., ve Öztel, A. (2015). An Evaluation of the Financial Performance of REIT’s in Borsa Istanbul: A Case Study Using the Entropy-Based TOPSIS Method. International Journal of Financial Research, 6(2), 124-138.
  • Kahraman, C., Cebeci, U,, ve Ruan, D. (2004). Multi-Attribute Comparison of Catering Service Companies Using Fuzzy AHP: The Case of Turkey. International Journal of Production Economics, 87, 171-184.
  • Karsak, E. E. (2002). Distance-Based Fuzzy MCDM Approach for Evaluating Flexible Manufacturing System Alternatives. International Journal of Production Research, 40(13), 3167-3181.
  • Kaya, T., ve Kahraman, C. (2011),. Fuzzy Multiple Criteria Forestry Decision Making Based on an Integrated VIKOR and AHP Approach. Expert Systems with Applications, 38, 7326-7333
  • Kızılkaya Aydoğan, E. (2011). Performance Measurement Model for Turkish Aviation Firms Using the Rough-AHP and TOPSIS Methods Under Fuzzy Environment. Expert Systems with Applications, 38, 3992–3998.
  • Kung, C. Y., ve Wen, K.L. (2007). Applying Grey Relational Analysis and Grey Decision-Making To Evaluate The Relationship Between Company Attributes And Its Financial Performance-A Case Study of Venture Capital Enterprises in Taiwan. Decision Support Systems, 43, 842-852.
  • Kuo, Y., Yang, T., ve Huang, G. W. (2008). The Use of Grey Relational Analysis in Solving Multiple Attribute Decision-Making Problems. Computers and Industrial Engineering, 55, 80-93.
  • Lam, P. K., ve Chin, K. S. (2005). Identifying And Prioritizing Critical Success Factors For Conflict Management İn Collaborative New Product Development. Industrial Marketing Management, 34(8), 761-772.
  • Lin, C. T., ve Tsai, M. C. (2010). Location Choice for Direct Foreign Investment in New Hospitals in China by Using ANP and TOPSIS. Qualitative Quantitative, 44, 375-390.
  • Lumini, A., ve Nanni, L. (2006). Detector of İmage Orientation Based on Borda Count. Pattern Recognition Letters, 27, 180-186
  • Neely, A., Gregory, M., ve Platts, K. (2005). Performance Measurement System Design. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 25(12), 1228-1263.
  • Nuray, R., ve Fazlı, C. (2006). Automatic Ranking of Information Retrieval Systems Using Data Fusion. Information Processing and Management, 42, 595-614.
  • Opricovic, S., ve Tzeng G. H. (2004). Compromise Solution by MCDM Methods: A Comparative Analysis of VIKOR and TOPSIS. European Journal of Operational Research, 156, 445-455.
  • Opricovic, S., ve Tzeng G. H. (2007). Extended VIKOR Method in Comparison with Outranking Methods, European Journal of Operational Research, 178, 514–529.
  • Ou Yang, Y. P., Shieh H. M., Leu, J. D., ve Tzeng, G. H. (2009). A VIKOR-Based Multiple Criteria Decision Method for Improving Information Security Risk. International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making, 8(2), 267–287.
  • Ömürbek, N., ve Mercan, Y. (2014). İmalat Alt Sektörlerinin Finansa Performanslarının TOPSIS ve ELECTRE Yöntemleri İle Değerlendirilmesi. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(1), 237-266.
  • Önüt, S., Kara, S. S., ve Efendigil, T. (2008). A Hybrid Fuzzy MCDM Approach to Machine Tool Selection. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 19, 443-453.
  • Önüt, S., ve Soner, S. (2008). Transshipment Site Selection Using the AHP and TOPSIS Approaches Under Fuzzy Environment. Waste Management, 28, 1552-1559.
  • Perçin, S. (2009). Evaluation of Third-Party Logistics (3PL) Providers by Using a Two Phase AHP and TOPSIS Methodology. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 16(5), 588-604.
  • Perçin, S., ve Karakaya, A. (2012). Bulanık Karar Verme Yöntemleriyle Türkiye’de Bilişim Teknolojisi Firmalarının Finansal Performanslarının Değerlendirilmesi. Marmara Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 33(2), 241-266.
  • Reilly, B. (2002). Social Choice in the South Seas: Electoral Innovation and the Borda Count in the Pacific Island Countries. International Political Science Review, 23(4), 355-372.
  • Satty, T. L. (1990). How to Make a Decision: The Analytic Hierarchy Process. European Journal of Operational Research, 48, 9-26.
  • Sun, C. (2010). A Performance Evaluation Model by Integrating Fuzzy AHP and Fuzzy TOPSIS Methods. Expert Systems with Applications, 37, 7745-7754.
  • Tayyar, N., Akcanlı, F., Genç, E., ve Erem, I. (2014) BİST’e Kayıtlı Bilişim ve Teknoloji Alanında Faaliyet Gösteren İşletmelerin Finansal Performanslarının Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi (AHP) ve Gri İlişkisel Analiz (GİA) Yöntemiyle Değerlendirilmesi. Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi, Ocak, 19-40.
  • Tsai, H. Y., Huang B. H., ve Wang, A. S. (2008). Combining ANP and TOPSIS Concepts for Evaluation the Performance of Property-Liability Insurance Companies. Journal of Social Sciences, 4(1), 56-61.
  • Tseng, F. M., Chiu, Y. J., ve Chen, J. S. (2009). Measuring Business Performance in The High-Tech Manufacturing İndustry: A case Study of Taiwan’s Large-Sized TFT-LCD Panel Companies. Omega, 37, 686–697
  • Tung, C. T., ve Lee, Y. J. (2010). The İnnovative Performance Evaluation Model of Grey Factor Analysis: A Case Study of Listed Biotechnology Corporations in Taiwan. Expert Systems with Applications, 37, 7844–7851.
  • Uygurtürk, H., ve ve Korkmaz, T. (2012). Finansal Performansın TOPSIS Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Yöntemi ile Belirlenmesi: Ana Metal Sanayi İşletmeleri Üzerine Bir Uygulama. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 7(2), 95-15.
  • Wang Y. J. (2008). Applying FMCDM to Evaluate Financial Performance of Domestic Airlines in Taiwan. Expert Systems with Applications, 34, 1837–1845.
  • Wang, Y.L., ve Tzeng G. H. (2012). Brand Marketing for Creating Brand Value Based on a MCDM Model Combining DEMATEL with ANP and VIKOR Methods. Expert Systems with Applications, 39, 5600–5615.
  • Wang, Y. M., ve Luo, Y. (2010) Integration Of Correlations with Standard Deviations for Determining Attribute Weights in Multiple Attribute Decision Making. Mathematical and Computer Modelling, 51, 1-12.
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There are 64 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

A. Cansu Gök Kısa 0000-0001-7594-4856

Selçuk Perçin 0000-0002-5840-7204

Publication Date February 20, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Prof. Dr. Talha Ustasüleyman Special Issue

Cite

APA Gök Kısa, A. C., & Perçin, S. (2020). BULANIK ÇOK KRİTERLİ KARAR VERME YAKLAŞIMI İLE TÜRKİYE İMALAT SANAYİİ’NDE PERFORMANS ÖLÇÜMÜ. Uluslararası İktisadi Ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi31-56. https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.522799

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