FEMALE LABOR FORCE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: A CAUSAL LINKAGES INVESTIGATION FOR TURKEY

Year 2020, Issue: 29, 45 - 60, 10.10.2020

Serdar Göcen

https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.687690

Cited By: 4

Abstract

This study explores the causal relationship between female employment and economic development in Turkey. Female labor force participation rate, female employment rate in agriculture, industry, and services sectors are used as variables representing female employment and GDP per capita is the variable representing economic development. First, ARDL bound testing approach is used to determine whether the U-hypothesis is valid. Then, the traditional Toda-Yamamoto causality test, which does not take into account structural shifts and Fourier Toda-Yamamoto tests that take into account gradual structural shifts is applied. As a result, it is found that (i) there is U-shaped relationship for all four models, (ii) traditional Toda-Yamamoto and Fourier Toda-Yamamoto tests show a robust Granger causality from economic development to female employment in agricultural sector, (iii) Fourier Toda-Yamamoto test finds a Granger causality from female employment to economic development. However, this is not a robust finding, (iv) the causality linkages between economic development and female employment are not sensitive to gradual structural shifts. 

EKONOMİK GELİŞME VE KADIN İŞ GÜCÜ İSTİHDAMI: TÜRKİYE İÇİN NEDENSELLİK İLİŞKİSİ İNCELENMESİ

Abstract

Bu çalışma Türkiye’de kadın istihdamı ve ekonomik gelişme arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisini araştırmaktadır. Kadın iş gücüne katılım oranı, kadınların tarım, sanayi ve hizmet sektörlerindeki istihdam oranı kadın istihdamını temsil eden değişkenler ve kişi başına GSYH ekonomik gelişmeyi temsil eden değişken olarak kullanılmaktadır. Nedensellik ilişkisinin tespiti için ilk olarak yapısal kırılmaları dikkate almayan geleneksel Toda-Yamamoto nedensellik testi, daha sonra kademeli yapısal kırılmaları dikkate alan Fourier Toda-Yamamoto nedensellik testi kullanılmaktadır. Yapılan testlerin sonucunda: (i) geleneksel Toda-Yamamoto ve Fourier Toda-Yamamoto testleri sonuçlarına göre, ekonomik gelişmenin kadınların tarım sektöründeki istihdamının Granger nedeni olduğu ve bu nedensellik ilişkisinin güçlü ve güvenilir olduğu, (ii) Fourier Toda-Yamamoto testi sonucuna göre, kadınların sanayi sektöründeki istihdamının ekonomik gelişmenin Granger nedeni olduğu, ancak bu sonucun güçlü olmadığı, (iii) ekonomik gelişme ile kadın istihdamı arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisinin kademeli yapısal kırılmaların dikkate alınmasına karşı duyarlı olmadığı tespiti yapılmıştır.

Keywords

Kadın istihdamı, kadın iş gücüne katılım oranı, ekonomik gelişme, Toda-Yamamoto nedensellik, yapısal kırılma

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