AN INVESTIGATION ON THE IMPACT OF INCOME INEQUALITY ON ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION IN LINE WITH SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS: EVIDENCE FROM BRAZIL

Year 2024, Issue: 43, 39 - 52, 05.05.2024

Elif Koçak

https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.1398808

Cited By: 2

Abstract

With the understanding that environmental pollution disrupts the ecological balance and therefore is a global problem, the issue of pollution has been among the agenda topics of countries for a long time. In order to solve this problem, sustainable development goals have been put forward. However, these goals may conflict with each other. The aim of this study is to examine the possible harmony or conflict between SDG 10 and SDG 13, which are within the scope of sustainable development goals. In this regard, an empirical analysis was carried out for Brazil, which is in the newly industrialized country (NIC) category, based on the 1990-2020 observation interval. The relationship between the variables included in the empirical model was investigated with the ARDL bounds test and the Toda-Yamamoto causality test. In line with the results obtained, it was determined that the increase in income inequality increased the CO2 emission level. Additionally, it has been determined that there is a one-way causality relationship from income inequality to environmental pollution. It has been observed that these two goals are compatible.

Keywords

ARDL, CO2 Emission, EKC Hypothesis, Income Inequality, Sustainable Development

SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR KALKINMA HEDEFLERİ DOĞRULTUSUNDA GELİR EŞİTSİZLİĞİNİN ÇEVRE KİRLİLİĞİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNE İLİŞKİN BİR İNCELEME: BREZİLYA’DAN KANITLAR

Abstract

Çevre kirliliğinin ekolojik dengeyi bozması ve küresel çapta bir sorun olmasının anlaşılmasıyla birlikte kirlilik konusu uzun zamandır ülkelerin gündem başlıkları arasında yer almaktadır. Söz konusu bu sorunun çözülebilmesi için ise sürdürülebilir kalkınma hedefleri ortaya konulmuştur. Ancak ortaya konulan bu hedefler birbiriyle çelişebilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı sürdürülebilir kalkınma hedefleri (SDG) kapsamında yer alan SDG 10 ve SDG 13 arasındaki muhtemel uyum ya da çatışmanın incelenmesidir. Bu doğrultuda yeni sanayileşmiş ülke (NIC) kategorisinde yer alan Brezilya için 1990-2020 gözlem aralığı baz alınarak ampirik bir analiz gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ampirik modele dahil edilen değişkenler arasındaki ilişki ise ARDL sınır testi ve Toda-Yamamoto nedensellik testi ile araştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda gelir eşitsizliğindeki artışın CO2 emisyon seviyesini artırdığı saptanmıştır. Ayrıca gelir eşitsizliğinden çevre kirliliğine doğru tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte sürdürülebilir kalkınma hedefleri kapsamında yer alan söz konusu iki hedefin uyumlu olduğu görülmüştür.

Keywords

ARDL, CO2 Emisyonu, EKC Hipotezi, Gelir Eşitsizliği, Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma

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