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CORPORATE PROFITS AND INFLATION IN TÜRKİYE: IS ADAM SMITH RIGHT?

Year 2024, Issue: 45, 167 - 182, 31.10.2024
https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.1512414

Abstract

In the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic, the attention of the global public, policymakers and researchers has turned to the relationship between corporate profits and inflation. Although Türkiye has remained aloof from these debates until recently, efforts to understand the relationship between corporate profits and inflation in Türkiye have recently intensified. This study aims to support efforts to understand the relationship between corporate profits and inflation in Türkiye. It is understood that the factor income that contributes the most to domestic inflation in Türkiye in the last quarter century (1998-2023) is the “unit profits” received by capital in the process of value-added creation. Moreover, after Covid-19 pandemic, the contribution from the unit profits to inflation increased further. Another finding of the study is that unit profit growth is a “leading indicator” for domestic inflation. Similarly, domestic inflation is a “leading indicator” for unit profit growth. This strong bidirectional relationship points to the possibility of a “profit-price spiral” in Türkiye. Another finding that supports this possibility is that the relationship between increases in unit labor costs and future values of domestic inflation is not as strong as the relationship between unit profit increases and future values of domestic inflation. Preliminary findings also reveal the need for a more detailed examination of a possible “profit-price spiral” dynamic in Türkiye.

References

  • Akcigit, U., Chen, W., Diez, F.J., Duval, R., Engler, P., Fan, J., Maggi, C., Tavares, M.M., Schwarz, D. Shibata, I., Villegas-Sanchez, C, (2021). Rising Corporate Market Power: Emerging Policy Issues. IMF Staff Discussion Note, 01, 1-34
  • Arce, O., Hahn, E., Koester, G. (2023). How Tit-for-Tat Inflation Can Make Everyone Poorer. European Central Bank, The ECB Blog, Erişim Adresi: https://www,ecb,europa,eu/press/blog/date/2023/html/ecb, blog,230330~00e522ecb5,en,html
  • Breman C., Storm S. (2023). Betting on Black Gold: Oil Speculation and U.S. Inflation (2020-2022). International Journal of Political Economy, 52(2), 153-180
  • Duvan, O.B. (2024). Contribution of Corporate Profits to Inflation in Türkiye after Covid-19. Politik Ekonomik Kuram, 8(1), 109-125
  • Eeckhout, J. (2022). Dominant Firms in the Digital Age. UBS Center for Ecomics in Society Public Paper, 12, 1-30 Erişim Adresi: Public Paper #8 (uzh.ch)
  • European Commission (2023). European Economic Forecast, Institutional Paper, 200, Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 1-194
  • Glover, A., Mustre-del-Río, J., von Ende-Becker, A. (2023). How Much Have Record Corporate Profits Contributed to Recent Inflation? The Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City Economic Review, 108(1), 23-35
  • Hansen, N.J., Toscani, F., Zhou, J. (2023). Euro Area Inflation after the Pandemic and Energy Shock: Import Prices, Profits and Wages. IMF Working Paper, 131, 1-21
  • Hayes, C., Jung, C. (2022). Prices and Profits After the Pandemic, IPPR and Common Wealth, Prices and profits after the pandemic | IPPR 1-22
  • Hornstein, A. (2023). Profits and Inflation in the Time of COVID. Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, Economic Brief, No:23-38
  • Hubbard, R.G., O’Brien, A.P. (2017). Economics. 6th Edition. Essex: Pearson Education Limited
  • IMF (2019). The Rise of Corporate Market Power and Its Macroeconomic Effects. World Economic Outlook, April, Washington: International Monetary Fund, 1-198
  • IMF (2022). Countering the Cost-of-Living Crisis. World Economic Outlook, October, Washington: International Monetary Fund, 1-166
  • IMF (2024). World Economic Outlook Database. April 2024 Edition. Erişim Adresi: World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 (imf.org)
  • İstanbul Sanayi Odası (2023). Türkiye’nin 500 Büyük Sanayi Kuruluşu 2022. İstanbul: İstanbul Sanayi Odası Dergisi
  • İstanbul Sanayi Odası (2022). Türkiye’nin 500 Büyük Sanayi Kuruluşu 2021. İstanbul: İstanbul Sanayi Odası Dergisi
  • Jung, C. ve Hayes, C. (2023). Inflation Profits and Market Power: Towards A New Research and Policy Agenda, IPPR and Common Wealth Erişim Adresi: https://www,ippr,org/publications/inflation-profits-and-market-power , 1-29
  • Kharroubi, E., Smets, F. (2024). Monetary Policy with Profit-Driven Inflation. BIS Working Papers, No: 1167, 1-48
  • Loecker, J., Eeckhout, J., Unger, G. (2020). The Rise of Market Power and the Macroeconomic Implications. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 135(2), 561-644
  • Menezes, F.M., Quiggin, J. (2022). Market Power Amplifies the Price Effects of Demand Shocks. UQ School of Economics, Discussion Paper, 653, 1-8
  • OECD (2023). Economic Outlook. Volume 2023 Issue 1, 113, Paris: OECD Publishing, 1-250
  • ONS (2023). The Role of Labour Costs and Profits in UK Inflation: 2010 to 2023. Office for NationalStatistics, Erişim Adresi:https://www,ons,gov,uk/economy/grossdomesticproductgdp/articles/theroleoflabourcostsandprofitsinukinflation/2010to2023
  • Smith, A. (1981). An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Editörler: R. H. Campbell, A. S. Skinner ve W.B. Todd, The Glasgow Edition of the Works and Correspondance of Adam Smith, Vol.2, Oxford Clarendon Press, 1979, photographic edition. Indianapolis: Liberty Press/LibertyClassics, Erişim Adresi: http://files.libertyfund.org/files/220/0141-02_Bk.pdf
  • Storm, S. (2023). Profit Inflation is Real? PSL Quarterly Review, 76(306), 243-259
  • TCMB (2023). Enflasyon Raporu 2023-IV. Ankara: Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası İdare Merkezi
  • TCMB (2024). Enflasyon Raporu 2024-I. Ankara: Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası İdare Merkezi
  • Torun, H., Yassa, A.D. (2023), Market Concentration and Producer Prices. Central Bank Review, 23, 1-14
  • TÜİK (2022), Ulusal Hesaplar Sistemi, Sorularla Resmi İstatistikler Dizisi-12, Yayın no: 4673, Ankara: Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu
  • Weber, I.M., Wasner, E. (2023). Sellers’ Inflation, Profits and Conflict: Why can Large Firms Hike Prices in Emergency? Review of Keynesian Economics, 11(2), 183-213
  • Yeldan, E., Köse, A.H., Boratav, K. (2023). Türkiye’de Derinleşen Yapısal Kriz Eğilimi ve Kâr İtilimli Enflasyonun Dinamikleri, İktisat ve Toplum, 158, 8-30

TÜRKİYE’DE ŞİRKET KÂRLARI VE ENFLASYON: ADAM SMİTH HAKLI MI?

Year 2024, Issue: 45, 167 - 182, 31.10.2024
https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.1512414

Abstract

Covid-19 salgınının ardından küresel kamuoyunun, politika yapıcıların ve araştırmacıların dikkatleri şirket kârları ve enflasyon ilişkisine yönelmiştir. Türkiye yakın zamana kadar bu tartışmalara uzak kalmakla beraber; şirket kârları ve enflasyon arasındaki ilişkiyi Türkiye özelinde anlamaya yönelik çabaların son dönemde arttığı görülmektedir. Bu çalışma Türkiye’de şirket kârlarıyla enflasyon arasındaki ilişkiyi anlama çabalarını desteklemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Türkiye’de son çeyrek yüzyılda (1998-2023) yurtiçi enflasyona en çok katkı veren faktör gelirinin sermayenin katma değer yaratım sürecinde elde ettiği “birim kâr” olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Ayrıca Covid-19 salgınının ardından birim kârın enflasyona yaptığı katkının daha da arttığı gözlenmiştir. Çalışmanın diğer bir bulgusu birim kâr artışının yurtiçi enflasyon için “öncü gösterge” olmasıdır. Benzer şekilde yurtiçi enflasyon da birim kâr artışı için “öncü gösterge” niteliğine sahiptir. Birim kâr ve enflasyon arasında tespit edilen bu çift yönlü kuvvetli ilişki, Türkiye’de bir “kâr-fiyat spirali” ihtimaline işaret etmektedir. Bu ihtimali destekleyen bir diğer bulgu ise birim işgücü maliyetindeki artışların yurtiçi enflasyonun gelecek değerleri ile ilişkisinin, birim kâr artışlarının yurtiçi enflasyonun gelecek değerleriyle ilişkisi kadar, kuvvetli olmamasıdır. Elde edilen ilk bulgular Türkiye’de olası bir “kâr-fiyat spirali” dinamiğinin daha detaylı incelenmesi ihtiyacını ortaya çıkarmaktadır.

References

  • Akcigit, U., Chen, W., Diez, F.J., Duval, R., Engler, P., Fan, J., Maggi, C., Tavares, M.M., Schwarz, D. Shibata, I., Villegas-Sanchez, C, (2021). Rising Corporate Market Power: Emerging Policy Issues. IMF Staff Discussion Note, 01, 1-34
  • Arce, O., Hahn, E., Koester, G. (2023). How Tit-for-Tat Inflation Can Make Everyone Poorer. European Central Bank, The ECB Blog, Erişim Adresi: https://www,ecb,europa,eu/press/blog/date/2023/html/ecb, blog,230330~00e522ecb5,en,html
  • Breman C., Storm S. (2023). Betting on Black Gold: Oil Speculation and U.S. Inflation (2020-2022). International Journal of Political Economy, 52(2), 153-180
  • Duvan, O.B. (2024). Contribution of Corporate Profits to Inflation in Türkiye after Covid-19. Politik Ekonomik Kuram, 8(1), 109-125
  • Eeckhout, J. (2022). Dominant Firms in the Digital Age. UBS Center for Ecomics in Society Public Paper, 12, 1-30 Erişim Adresi: Public Paper #8 (uzh.ch)
  • European Commission (2023). European Economic Forecast, Institutional Paper, 200, Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 1-194
  • Glover, A., Mustre-del-Río, J., von Ende-Becker, A. (2023). How Much Have Record Corporate Profits Contributed to Recent Inflation? The Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City Economic Review, 108(1), 23-35
  • Hansen, N.J., Toscani, F., Zhou, J. (2023). Euro Area Inflation after the Pandemic and Energy Shock: Import Prices, Profits and Wages. IMF Working Paper, 131, 1-21
  • Hayes, C., Jung, C. (2022). Prices and Profits After the Pandemic, IPPR and Common Wealth, Prices and profits after the pandemic | IPPR 1-22
  • Hornstein, A. (2023). Profits and Inflation in the Time of COVID. Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, Economic Brief, No:23-38
  • Hubbard, R.G., O’Brien, A.P. (2017). Economics. 6th Edition. Essex: Pearson Education Limited
  • IMF (2019). The Rise of Corporate Market Power and Its Macroeconomic Effects. World Economic Outlook, April, Washington: International Monetary Fund, 1-198
  • IMF (2022). Countering the Cost-of-Living Crisis. World Economic Outlook, October, Washington: International Monetary Fund, 1-166
  • IMF (2024). World Economic Outlook Database. April 2024 Edition. Erişim Adresi: World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 (imf.org)
  • İstanbul Sanayi Odası (2023). Türkiye’nin 500 Büyük Sanayi Kuruluşu 2022. İstanbul: İstanbul Sanayi Odası Dergisi
  • İstanbul Sanayi Odası (2022). Türkiye’nin 500 Büyük Sanayi Kuruluşu 2021. İstanbul: İstanbul Sanayi Odası Dergisi
  • Jung, C. ve Hayes, C. (2023). Inflation Profits and Market Power: Towards A New Research and Policy Agenda, IPPR and Common Wealth Erişim Adresi: https://www,ippr,org/publications/inflation-profits-and-market-power , 1-29
  • Kharroubi, E., Smets, F. (2024). Monetary Policy with Profit-Driven Inflation. BIS Working Papers, No: 1167, 1-48
  • Loecker, J., Eeckhout, J., Unger, G. (2020). The Rise of Market Power and the Macroeconomic Implications. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 135(2), 561-644
  • Menezes, F.M., Quiggin, J. (2022). Market Power Amplifies the Price Effects of Demand Shocks. UQ School of Economics, Discussion Paper, 653, 1-8
  • OECD (2023). Economic Outlook. Volume 2023 Issue 1, 113, Paris: OECD Publishing, 1-250
  • ONS (2023). The Role of Labour Costs and Profits in UK Inflation: 2010 to 2023. Office for NationalStatistics, Erişim Adresi:https://www,ons,gov,uk/economy/grossdomesticproductgdp/articles/theroleoflabourcostsandprofitsinukinflation/2010to2023
  • Smith, A. (1981). An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Editörler: R. H. Campbell, A. S. Skinner ve W.B. Todd, The Glasgow Edition of the Works and Correspondance of Adam Smith, Vol.2, Oxford Clarendon Press, 1979, photographic edition. Indianapolis: Liberty Press/LibertyClassics, Erişim Adresi: http://files.libertyfund.org/files/220/0141-02_Bk.pdf
  • Storm, S. (2023). Profit Inflation is Real? PSL Quarterly Review, 76(306), 243-259
  • TCMB (2023). Enflasyon Raporu 2023-IV. Ankara: Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası İdare Merkezi
  • TCMB (2024). Enflasyon Raporu 2024-I. Ankara: Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası İdare Merkezi
  • Torun, H., Yassa, A.D. (2023), Market Concentration and Producer Prices. Central Bank Review, 23, 1-14
  • TÜİK (2022), Ulusal Hesaplar Sistemi, Sorularla Resmi İstatistikler Dizisi-12, Yayın no: 4673, Ankara: Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu
  • Weber, I.M., Wasner, E. (2023). Sellers’ Inflation, Profits and Conflict: Why can Large Firms Hike Prices in Emergency? Review of Keynesian Economics, 11(2), 183-213
  • Yeldan, E., Köse, A.H., Boratav, K. (2023). Türkiye’de Derinleşen Yapısal Kriz Eğilimi ve Kâr İtilimli Enflasyonun Dinamikleri, İktisat ve Toplum, 158, 8-30
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Inflation
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Osman Berke Duvan 0000-0002-3711-8454

Publication Date October 31, 2024
Submission Date July 8, 2024
Acceptance Date October 11, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Issue: 45

Cite

APA Duvan, O. B. (2024). TÜRKİYE’DE ŞİRKET KÂRLARI VE ENFLASYON: ADAM SMİTH HAKLI MI?. Uluslararası İktisadi Ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi(45), 167-182. https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.1512414

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