IMPACT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND GREEN ENERGY ON GREEN PRODUCTION IN MIST COUNTRIES

Year 2025, Issue: 46, 169 - 186

Fatih Akın , Ömer Akçayır

https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.1582864

Abstract

In this study, panel data analysis methods are used to investigate the effects of sustainable development (HDI) and renewable energy consumption (REN) on green production (CO2) in MIST (Mexico, Indonesia, South Korea and Turkey) countries using data from 1990-2021. In the analysis using the CIPS unit root test, all series were found to be stationary at first difference and cointegration relationship was determined by LM Bootstrap cointegration method. The coefficients of the model are estimated with the AMG method and finally, the analysis is completed with Dumitrescu & Hurlin (2012) panel causality test. Statistically significant results are obtained for the whole panel and for each country, where HDI and REN decrease CO2, while GDP and non-renewable energy consumption as control variables increase CO2. The impact of sustainable development on green production is found to be much higher than the impact of renewable energy. In addition, a causality relationship was found from each of the independent variables to the dependent variable (CO2), either directly or indirectly through other variables.

Keywords

Sustainable Development, Renewable Energy, Green Production, Panel Data Analysis

MIST ÜLKELERİNDE SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR KALKINMA VE YEŞİL ENERJİNİN YEŞİL ÜRETİME ETKİSİ

Abstract

Çalışmada, MIST (Meksika, Endonezya, Güney Kore ve Türkiye) ülkelerinde sürdürülebilir kalkınma (HDI) ve yenilenebilir (REN) enerji tüketiminin yeşil üretim (CO2) üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmak amacıyla 1990-2021 yılları verileri kullanılarak panel veri analizi yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. CIPS birim kök testinin kullanıldığı analizde tüm serilerin birinci farkta durağan oldukları belirlenmiş, LM Bootstrap eşbütünleşme yöntemiyle eşbütünleşme ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir. Modelin katsayıları Artırılmış Ortalama Grup (AMG) yöntemi ile tahmin edilmiş ve nihayetinde Dumitrescu & Hurlin (2012) panel nedensellik testi ile analiz tamamlanmıştır. Panelin genelinde ve ülke bazında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı sonuçlar ortaya çıkmış, HDI ve yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi CO2’yi azaltırken, kontrol değişken olan GDP ve yenilenemeyen enerji tüketimi CO2’yi artırmaktadır. Sürdürülebilir kalkınmanın yeşil üretim üzerindeki etkisinin yenilenebilir enerjinin etkisinden daha fazla olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca bağımsız değişkenlerin her birinden bağımlı değişkene (CO2) doğru, doğrudan ya da diğer değişkenler aracılığıyla dolaylı olarak nedensellik ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma, Yenilenebilir Enerji, Yeşil Üretim, Panel Veri Analizi

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