Thiamethoxam’ın Yapay Çiçeklerde Seçenekli Olarak Verildiğinde Yayılmacı Arıların Davranışı Üzerindeki Etkileri

Year 2018, Volume: 18 Issue: 1, 2 - 13, 28.05.2018

İbrahim Çakmak

https://doi.org/10.31467/uluaricilik.427583

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Mavi ve
beyaz yapay çiçekleri ziyaret eden yayılmacı arıların davranışı üzerinde
thiamethoxam etkileri çalışılmıştır. Thiamethoxam dozları %2 -% 40 ‘e kadar
rapor edilen LD50 değerleri olarak verilmiştir. 
Çalışma kesintisiz olarak uygulanan test fazı 3 kısımdan oluşmaktadır.
Ilk kısımda arılar 6 ul ve 1 M her iki renk çiçeklerde sukroz verdik.Ikinci
kısımda arılara 6 ul ve 1.5 M şeker solüsyonu mavi çiçeklerde 6 ul ve 0.5 m
şeker solüsyonu beyaz çiçeklere verdik.Üçünü kısımda ise arılara çiçek rengine
göre ikinci kısımın tam tersi olarak şeker solüsyonu verdik.Her çalışma arılara
ve çiçeklere yayılışları insektisitler verdikte 30 dk sonra
başlamıştır.Yayılmacı arıların sayıları, her çiçeğe ziyaret sayısı, çiçek
tercihleri ve çiçeklere geri dönmeyen arılar kayıt edilmiştir.Yayılmacı
arıların çiçeklere geri dönüş seviyeleri artan thiamethoxam dozu ile
azalmıştır.Çalışmada kullanılan toplam 96 arıdan 50 arı yüksek doz
thiaamethoxam verilen guruba aittir.Çiçeklere geri dönen yayılmacı arıların
ziyaret sayıları olumsuz etkillenmiştir.Fakat arıların çiçek bağımlılığı
thiamethoxam dozundan etkilenmemiştir. Beyaz ve mavi çiçekleri çalışmanın ilk
kısmında çok sayıda ziyaret eden yayılmacı arılar ikinci kısımda daha koyu
şekeri olan ödül olan çiçeğe ziyaret etmişler ve üçüncü kısımda ise daha koyu
şeker solüsyonu olan çiçekelere ziyaret etmeyi öğrenememişlerdir. Sonuç olarak
bu çalışma göstermiştirki thimaethoxam çiçeklere geri dönen arıların sayısı,
çiçeklere ziyaret sayısı ve ödülün yayılmacı arılar tarafından yeniden
öğrenilmesini etkilemiştir.

Keywords

Apis mellifera, Bal Arısı, Yayılma Davranışı, Thiamethoxam, Neonicotinoids

EFFECTS OF THIAMETHOXAM ON THE BEHAVIOR OF FORAGING HONEY BEES WITH ARTIFICIAL FLOWER CHOICES

Abstract

The
effects of thiamethoxam were studied on the foraging behavior of free-flying
bees (Apis mellifera anatoliaca) visiting
artificial flower patches of blue and white flowers. Thiamethoxam doses from 2
% to 40 % of the reported LD₅₀ value were given to bees. The study
consisted of three experimental parts performed sequentially without
interruption. In part 1, we offered bees 6 μL of a 1M sucrose reward in both
flower colors.  In part 2 we offered bees
6 μL of 1.5 M sucrose solution in blue flowers and 6 μL of 0.5 M sucrose
solution in white flowers.  In part 3 we
reversed the sucrose solution rewards values with respect to flower color.  Each experiment began 30 min after
administration of the insecticide. The number of bees foraged was recorded, as
was flower patch visitation rate, number of flowers visited and flower choices
of the bees that did return. The forager return rate declined linearly with
increasing thiamethoxam dose and number of foraging trips of returning bees was
also affected adversely. Out of 96 bees, the majority of unreturned (50) bees
belonged to higher dosages of thiomethoxam groups. However, flower fidelity was
not affected by thiamethoxam dose. Foragers visited both blue and white flowers
extensively in experimental part 1 and showed greater fidelity for the flower
color offering the higher molarity reward in parts 2 but there were less visits
to flowers offering the higher molarity reward in part 3 indicating that the
bees failed to learn what were the flowers with higher reward. Our study showed
that thiamethoxam affected: the number of returning bees, the number of foraging
trips and reward re-learning.

Keywords

: Apis mellifera, Honey Bee, Foraging Behavior, Thiamethoxam, Neonicotinoids

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