ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE of WOMEN HONEY MARKETERS in ENUGU STATE, NIGERIA

Year 2023, Volume: 23 Issue: 1, 78 - 92, 19.05.2023

Ridwan Mukaila , Abraham Falola , Sheu-usman Oladipo Akanbi , Festus Eluwandedurojaye Awoyelu Ibrahim Isaac Umaru , Oyeyode Obalola , Onaku Cosmas

https://doi.org/10.31467/uluaricilik.1252366

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Honey marketing is an important off-farm economic activity for women's livelihood and sustenance. Despite this, there is scant information in the literature about the economic performance of women honey marketers. Therefore, this study investigates the economic performance of women marketers, its drivers, and its challenges. Data collected from 120 women honey marketers were analyzed using descriptive statistics, gross profit, net profit, benefit-cost ratio, return on capital invested, operating ratio, marketing margin, and multiple regression. We found that honey marketing was a profitable venture, as indicated by the high gross profit (USD 262.08), net income (USD 257.03), marketing margin (56%), benefit-cost ratio (1.72), and return on capital invested (0.72) per 58.14 liters sold. Honey marketing also had a low operating ratio of 0.57. Thus, women honey marketers performed economically well. The significant factors that enhanced the profitability of honey marketing were education, experience in honey marketing, credit, and membership in an association. While age, purchasing costs, and transportation costs reduced honey marketing profitability. Inadequate capital and credit, price fluctuations, a poor road network, high transportation costs, adulteration, and poor marketing information were the major severe constraints faced in honey marketing. These call for the provision of credit, training, and education to honey marketers by the government to enhance the profitability of the enterprise.

Keywords

Economic, Honey marketing, Performance, Profitability, Women marketers

Nijerya Enugu Eyaleti Kadın Bal Piyasacılarının Ekonomik Performansı

Abstract

Bal pazarlaması, kadınların geçimi ve geçimi için önemli bir çiftlik dışı ekonomik faaliyettir. Buna rağmen literatürde kadın bal pazarlamacılarının ekonomik performansı hakkında çok az bilgi bulunmaktadır. Bu nedenle, bu çalışma kadın pazarlamacıların ekonomik performansını, itici güçlerini ve zorluklarını araştırıyor. Yüz yirmi kadın bal pazarlamacısından toplanan veriler, tanımlayıcı istatistikler, brüt kâr, net kâr, fayda-maliyet oranı, yatırılan sermaye getirisi, işletme oranı, pazarlama marjı ve çoklu regresyon kullanılarak analiz edildi. Yüksek brüt kar (262,08 ABD Doları), net gelir (257,03 ABD Doları), pazarlama marjı (%56), fayda-maliyet oranı (1,72) ve yatırılan sermaye getirisinin gösterdiği gibi bal pazarlamanın satılan 58,14 litre başına karlı bir girişim olduğunu bulduk ( 0,72). Bal pazarlaması da 0,57 gibi düşük bir işletme oranına sahipti. Böylece kadın bal pazarlamacıları ekonomik olarak iyi performans gösterdi. Bal pazarlamasının karlılığını artıran önemli faktörler eğitim, bal pazarlama deneyimi, kredi ve dernek üyeliği. Yaş, satın alma maliyetleri ve nakliye maliyetleri bal pazarlama karlılığını azaltmaktadır. Yetersiz sermaye ve kredi, fiyat dalgalanmaları, zayıf bir yol ağı, yüksek nakliye maliyetleri, tağşiş ve yetersiz pazarlama bilgisi, bal pazarlamasında karşılaşılan başlıca ciddi kısıtlamalardı. Bunlar, işletmenin karlılığını artırmak için hükümet tarafından bal pazarlamacılarına kredi, eğitim ve öğretim sağlanmasını gerektirir.

Keywords

Ekonomik, Bal pazarlaması, Performans, Karlılık, Kadın pazarlamacılar

References

• Adedeji NK, Omoba OJ. An assessment of profitability of honey production in Edo State, Nigeria. African Journal of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, 2016, 4(6), 442 – 445.
• Ajao, A.M., Oladimeji, Y.U. 2015. Structure, production and constraints of honey hunting and traditional beekeeping activities in Patigi, Kwara state, Nigeria. Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences and Entomology, 8(1), 41-52.
• Akanbi SO, Mukaila R, Adebisi A. Analysis of rice production and the impacts of the usage of certified seeds on yield and income in Cote d'Ivoire. Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1108/JADEE-04-2022-0066
• Akinade TG. Prospects and challenges of beekeeping in Potiskum Local Government Area of Yobe State, Nigeria. International Journal of Innovative Agriculture & Biology Research, 2019, 7(2), 19-25.
• Akinmulewo BO, Oladimeji YU, Abdulsalam Z. Assessment of the profitability of improved apiculture in Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Abuja, Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 2017, 19(1), 23-35.
• Al Naggar Y, Giesy JP, Abdel-Daim MM, Javed Ansari M, Al-Kahtani SN, Yahya G. Fighting against the second wave of COVID-19: Can honeybee products help protect against the pandemic? Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 2021, 28(3), 1519–1527. doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.12.031
• Arowolo OV, Kabir GB, Fatoki OA, Oguntoye TO. Structure, conduct and performance analysis of honey markets in Oyo state, Nigeria. Journal of Research in Forestry, Wildlife & Environment, 2020, 12(1), 167-177.
• Asari MA, Sirajudeen KNS, Yusof NAM, Mohd Amin MSI. DHA-rich fish oil and Tualang honey reduce chronic stress-induced oxidative damage in the brain of rat model. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 2022, 12, 361e366. doi.org/10.1016/J.JTCME.2021.10.001
• Bannor RK, Oppong-Kyeremeh H, Aguah DA, Kyire SKC. An analysis of the effect of fall armyworm on the food security status of maize-producing households in Ghana. International Journal of Social Economics, 2022, 49(4), 562-580.
• Belay A, Haki GD, Birringer M, Borck H, Lee YC, Kim KT, Melaku S. Enzyme activity, amino acid profiles and hydroxymethylfurfural content in Ethiopian monofloral honey. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2017, 54(9), 2769–2778.
• Bhatta S, Baral S, Datta JP. Economic analysis of honey production in Chitwan District, Nepal. American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 2020,15(1), 132.137.
• Chiemela CJ, Mukaila R, Ukwuaba IC. Economics on the use of modern and traditional methods in honey production among farmers in Enugu State Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture Faculty of Ege University, 2022, 59(4), 611-619. doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.1162027
• Cırık, VA, Aksoy B. Determination of pediatric nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and experiences on apitherapy: a cross-sectional multicenter study. U.Arı.D.- Uludag Bee Journal, 2020, 20(2), 157-171. doi.org/10.31467/uluaricilik.787299
• DeGrandi-Hoffman G, Graham H, Ahumada F, Smart M, Ziolkowski N. The economics of honey bee (Hymenoptera: apidae) management and overwintering strategies for colonies used to pollinate almonds. Journal of Economic Entomology, 2019, 112(6), 2524–2533. doi.org/10.1093/jee/toz213
• Demirkaya A, Sagdicoglu Celep AG. Effects of royal jelly on obesity. Uludag Bee Journal, 2022, 22(1), 87-95. doi.org/10.31467/ULUARICILIK.1058101
• Elzaki E, Tian G. Economic evaluation of the honey yield from four forest tree species and the future prospect of the forest beekeeping in Sudan. Agroforest System, 2020, 94, 1037-1045. doi.org/10.1007/S10457-019-00478-1
• Falola A, Mukaila R, Emmanuel JO. Economic analysis of small-scale fish farms and fund security in North-Central Nigeria. Aquaculture International, 2022a, 30(6), 2937-2952. doi.org/10.1007/s10499-022-00944-1.
• Falola A, Mukaila R, Abdulhamid K. Informal finance: its drivers and contributions to farm investment among rural farmers in Northcentral Nigeria. Agricultural Finance Review, 2022b, 82(5), 942-959. doi.org/10.1108/AFR-08-2021-0116
• García NL. The current situation on the international honey market. Bee World, 2018, 95, 89–94. doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.2018.1483814
• Gebeyehu HR, Jalata D.D. Physicochemical and mineral contents of honey from Fitche and Addis Ababa districts in Ethiopia. Food Chemistry Advances, 2023, 2, 100177. doi.org/10.1016/J.FOCHA.2022.100177
• Gela A, Hora ZA, Kebebe D, Gebresilassie A. Physico-chemical characteristics of honey produced by stingless bees (Meliponula beccarii) from West Showa zone of Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Heliyon, 2021, 7, e05875. doi.org/10.1016/J.HELIYON.2020.E05875
• Likert R. A technique for the measurement of attitudes. Archives of Psychology, 1932, 22(140), 1-55.
• Lima WG, Brito JCM, da Cruz Nizer WS. Bee products as a source of promising therapeutic and chemoprophylaxis strategies against COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2). Phytotherapy Research, 2021, 35(2), 743–750. doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6872.
• Machado, De-Melo AA, Almeida-Muradian LBD, Sancho MT, Pascual-Mate A. Composition and properties of Apis mellifera honey: a review. Journal of Apiculture Research, 2018, 57(1), 5–37.
• Madas MN, Marghitas LA, Dezmirean DS, Bobis O, Abbas O, Danthine S, Nguyen BK. Labelling regulations and quality control of honey origin: a review. Food Review International, 2020, 36(3), 215–240.
• Masuku MB. Socioeconomic analysis of beekeeping in Swaziland: A case study of the Manzini Region, Swaziland. Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics, 2013, 5(6), 236-241. doi.org/10.5897/JDAE2013.002
• Mshelia SI, Dia YZ, Ahmed MA. Profitability analysis of honey marketing in Ganye and Toungo local government areas of Adamawa State, Nigeria. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 2013, 13(2), 207-212. doi.org/10.5829/idosi.mejsr.2013.13.2.1742
• Mukaila R, Obetta AE, Awoyelu FE, Chiemela CJ, Ugwu AO. Marketing analysis of vegetables: The case of carrot and cucumber marketing in Enugu State, Nigeria. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 2021, 9(2), 346–351. doi.org/10.24925/TURJAF.V9I2.346-351.4000
• Mukaila R, Obetta AE, Ogbu MC. Profitability of melon processing among women in Enugu State, Nigeria. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 2022, 19(3), 620-631. doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1049260
• Mulugeta M, Belay A. Comb honey and processed honey of Croton macrostachyus and Schefflera abyssinica honey differentiated by enzymes and antioxidant properties, and botanical origin. Heliyon, 2022, 8, e09512. doi.org/10.1016/J.HELIYON.2022.E09512
• Musinguzi P, Bosselmann AS, Pouliot M. Livelihoods-conservation initiatives: Evidence of socio-economic impacts from organic honey production in Mwingi, Eastern Kenya. Forest Policy and Economics, 2018, 97, 132–145. doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2018.09.010
• Obetta AE, Achike AI, Mukaila R, Taru B. Economic analysis of marketing margin of banana and plantain in Enugu state, Nigeria. African Journal of Agriculture and Food Science, 2020a, 3(4), 52–62.
• Obetta AE, Mukaila R, Onah OG, Onyia CC. Challenges of melon processing among women processors in Enugu-Ezike agricultural zone of Enugu State, Nigeria. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 2020b, 8(11), 2421–2425. doi.org/10.24925/TURJAF.V8I11.2421-2425.3707
• Ogunola AA, Agunbiade MO, Oluwalana EO. Profitability of honey production in Ogun State, Nigeria. Direct Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Science, 2019, 7(12), 345-349.
• Onyekuru AN, Okorji EC, Machebe NS. Profitability analysis of honey production in Nsukka local government area of Enugu State, Nigeria. Asian Journal of Experimental and Biological Sciences, 2010, 1(1), 166-169.
• Otim OS, Kajobe R, Kungu JM, Echodu R. The socio-economic factors influencing honey production in Uganda. Global Journal of Agricultural Research, 2019, 6(2), 1-9.
• Ranneh Y, Akim AM, Hamid HA, Khazaai H, Fadel A, Za-karia ZA, Bakar MFA. Honey and its nutritional and anti-inflammatory value. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 2021, 21(1), 1–17. doi.org/10.1186/s12906-020-03170-5
• Shrestha A. Study of Production economics and production problems of honey in Bardiya District, Nepal. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 2017, 34(2), 240-245. doi.org/10.17582/JOURNAL.SJA/2018/34.2.240.245
• Stojanov DP, Dimitrov L, Danihlík J, Uzunov A, Golubovski M, Andonov S, Brodschneider R. Direct economic impact assessment of winter honeybee colony losses in three European Countries. Agriculture, 2021, 11(15), 1-15. doi.org/10.3390/AGRICULTURE11050398.
• Vaziritabar S, Esmaeilzade SM. Profitability and socio-economic analysis of beekeeping and honey production in Karaj state, Iran. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 2016, 4(4), 1341-1350.
• Verma TC, Meena KC, Aswal S, Singh DK. Socio-personal and economic analysis of apiculture enterprise in Hadauoti Region of Rajasthan. Economic Affairs, 2018, 63(1), 261-268. doi.org/10.30954/0424-2513.2018.00150.32
• Vrabcová P, Hájek M. The economic value of the ecosystem services of beekeeping in the Czech Republic. Sustainability, 2020, 12, 10179. doi.org/10.3390/su122310179
• Yeserah S, Jenberie A, Begna D. Honey marketing, structure and conduct of honey market in Gozamen district, East Gojjam Zone, and Amhara Region. Cogent Food & Agriculture, 2019, 5,1, 1620153. doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2019.1620153.