Outbreak of Peracute Urea Toxicosis in Sheep Following the Consumption of New Packages of Grain Barley

Hasan Hüseyin Oruç; Meltem Çelik; Pınar Şahintürk; Hıdır Gençoğlu

doi:10.30782/uluvfd.393264

Case Report

Outbreak of Peracute Urea Toxicosis in Sheep Following the Consumption of New Packages of Grain Barley

Year 2015, Volume: 34 Issue: 1-2, 81 - 84, 12.12.2015

Hasan Hüseyin Oruç , Meltem Çelik Pınar Şahintürk Hıdır Gençoğlu

https://doi.org/10.30782/uluvfd.393264

Cited By: 1

Abstract

The objective of this report was to describe peracute urea poisoning deaths in 84 Ile de France and Merinos breed sheep due to following the consumption of new packages of grain barley on July 30, 2014 in Ivrindi, Balıkesir, Turkey. The owner of the sheep and a local veterinarian reported that in the farm there were in total 800 sheep, and 325 of animals were fed with new packages of grain barleys and 84 of which were observed dead after feeding in three-four hours. Clinical signs in all affected animals prior to death were uneasiness and ataxia, incoordination, grinding teeth, salivation, severe struggling and bellowing, abdominal bloat, lateral re-cumbence, convulsions, and deaths occurred in one and half hour after first clinical signs. The presences of white urea particles were intensive especially at the bottom of the packages of barley. Urea, crude protein, nitrate and nitrite analysis were performed in barley samples. Analysed barley samples had quite high urea concentration (8.76%) and crude protein (27.81%). Anamnesis, clinical signs and laboratory analysis indicated peracute urea poisoning in sheep.

Keywords

Urea, peracute toxicosis, sheep

References

AOAC Official Method 990.03. Protein in animal feed. Combustion method, 2002.
Aytekin, İ., Onmaz, A.C., Uluacan, A., Alp, H., 2011. Effects of Accidental Ammonium Sulphate Poisoning on Antioxidant/Oxidant Status in Lambs. Revue de Medecine, 162(7), 346-351.
Bruning-Fann, C.S., Kaneene, J.B., 1993. The effects of nitrate, nitrite, and N-nitroso compounds on animal health. Vet.Human Toxicol., 35(3), 237-253.
Edjtehadi, M., Szabuniewicz, M., Emmanuel, B., 1978. Acute urea toxicity in sheep. Can. J. Comp. Med., 42(1), 63–68.
Fraser, C.M., 1991. Nonprotein nitrogen poison-ing. In. Bergeron J.A., Mays A., Aiello S.E. (Eds.): The Merck Veterinary Manual. 7th ed., Merck and CO., Inc, Rahway, pp. 1693-1996.
Hatch, R.C., 1977. Veterinary toxicology. In. Jones L.M., Booth L.F. (Eds.): Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 4th ed., the Iowa State University Press, Ames, IA, pp. 1253-1259.
Lloyd, W.E., 1981. Urea and other nonprotein nitrogen sources. In. Howard J.L. (Ed.): Current Veterinary Therapy, Food Animal Practice, W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp. 393-396.
Osweiler, G.D., 1985. Urea and nonprotein nitro-gen. Clinical and Diagnostic Veterinary Toxicology. In. Carson T.L., Buck W.B., Van Gelder G.A. (Eds.): 3rd ed. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co, Dubuque, IA, pp. 160-166.
Russo, R., Restucci, B., Severino, L., 2013. Recent trends in diagnosing poisoning in domestic animals. JAPS, 23(2), 657-665.
Sen, N.P., Donaldson, B., 1978. Improved colorimetric method for determining nitrate and nitrite in foods. JAOAC, 61(6), 1389-1394.
Stegelmeier, B.L., 2011. Identifying plant poisoning in livestock: diagnostic approaches and laboratory tests. Vet. Clin. North. Am. Food Anim. Pract., 27, 407-417.
Talcott, P.A. 2007. Nonprotein nitrogen (urea) and hyperammonemia. In. Gupta R.C. (Ed.): Veterinary Toxicology Basics and Clinical principles. 1st ed., Elsevier, Boston, pp. 1042-1044.
Türk Standartları Enstitüsü, Türk Standartı (TS) 10338. Hayvan Yemleri Üre Tayini, 1992.

Yeni Parti Tane Arpanın Tüketilmesini Takiben Koyunlarda Ortaya Çıkan Perakut Üre Zehirlenmesi

Year 2015, Volume: 34 Issue: 1-2, 81 - 84, 12.12.2015

Hasan Hüseyin Oruç , Meltem Çelik Pınar Şahintürk Hıdır Gençoğlu

https://doi.org/10.30782/uluvfd.393264

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, 30 Temmuz 2015 tarihinde, Balıkesir’in İvrindi ilçesinde, yeni parti tane arpanın verilmesini takiben, Ile de France ve Merinos ırkı toplam 84 koyunun öldüğü perakut üre zehirlenmesini tanım-lamaktır. 800 koyunun bulunduğu bu işletmede, yemlemede yeni parti arpanın yaklaşık 325 koyuna verilmesini takiben üç dört saat içinde 84 koyunun öldüğü yerel veteriner hekim ve hayvan sahibi tarafından bildirildi. Etki-lenen hayvanlarda tedirginlik, ataksi, koordinasyon bozukluğu, diş gıcırdatması, salivasyon, şiddetli çabalama ve bağırtı, karında şişkinlik, yere yan yatma ve konvülzyonları takiben yaklaşık bir buçuk saat sonra ölümlerin görüldüğü belirtildi. Yapılan incelemelerde beyaz renkli üre partiküllerinin arpa taneleri arasında özellikle çuval dibinde yoğun olarak bulunduğu gözlendi. Arpa numunesinin üre, ham protein, nitrat ve nitrit analizleri yapıldı. Arpa numunesinin yüksek oranda üre (%8.76) ve ham protein (%27.81) içerdiği tespit edildi. Bu olguda elde edilen anamnez bilgileri, klinik belirtiler ve laboratuvar analiz sonuçları koyunlarda üre ile perakut zehirlenmeyi işaret etmektedir.

Keywords

Üre, perakut zehirlenme, koyun

References

AOAC Official Method 990.03. Protein in animal feed. Combustion method, 2002.
Aytekin, İ., Onmaz, A.C., Uluacan, A., Alp, H., 2011. Effects of Accidental Ammonium Sulphate Poisoning on Antioxidant/Oxidant Status in Lambs. Revue de Medecine, 162(7), 346-351.
Bruning-Fann, C.S., Kaneene, J.B., 1993. The effects of nitrate, nitrite, and N-nitroso compounds on animal health. Vet.Human Toxicol., 35(3), 237-253.
Edjtehadi, M., Szabuniewicz, M., Emmanuel, B., 1978. Acute urea toxicity in sheep. Can. J. Comp. Med., 42(1), 63–68.
Fraser, C.M., 1991. Nonprotein nitrogen poison-ing. In. Bergeron J.A., Mays A., Aiello S.E. (Eds.): The Merck Veterinary Manual. 7th ed., Merck and CO., Inc, Rahway, pp. 1693-1996.
Hatch, R.C., 1977. Veterinary toxicology. In. Jones L.M., Booth L.F. (Eds.): Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 4th ed., the Iowa State University Press, Ames, IA, pp. 1253-1259.
Lloyd, W.E., 1981. Urea and other nonprotein nitrogen sources. In. Howard J.L. (Ed.): Current Veterinary Therapy, Food Animal Practice, W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp. 393-396.
Osweiler, G.D., 1985. Urea and nonprotein nitro-gen. Clinical and Diagnostic Veterinary Toxicology. In. Carson T.L., Buck W.B., Van Gelder G.A. (Eds.): 3rd ed. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co, Dubuque, IA, pp. 160-166.
Russo, R., Restucci, B., Severino, L., 2013. Recent trends in diagnosing poisoning in domestic animals. JAPS, 23(2), 657-665.
Sen, N.P., Donaldson, B., 1978. Improved colorimetric method for determining nitrate and nitrite in foods. JAOAC, 61(6), 1389-1394.
Stegelmeier, B.L., 2011. Identifying plant poisoning in livestock: diagnostic approaches and laboratory tests. Vet. Clin. North. Am. Food Anim. Pract., 27, 407-417.
Talcott, P.A. 2007. Nonprotein nitrogen (urea) and hyperammonemia. In. Gupta R.C. (Ed.): Veterinary Toxicology Basics and Clinical principles. 1st ed., Elsevier, Boston, pp. 1042-1044.
Türk Standartları Enstitüsü, Türk Standartı (TS) 10338. Hayvan Yemleri Üre Tayini, 1992.

There are 13 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	English
Journal Section	(Case reports)
Authors	Hasan Hüseyin Oruç Meltem Çelik This is me Pınar Şahintürk This is me Hıdır Gençoğlu This is me
Publication Date	December 12, 2015
Acceptance Date	November 9, 2015
Published in Issue	Year 2015 Volume: 34 Issue: 1-2

Cite

APA	Oruç, H. H., Çelik, M., Şahintürk, P., Gençoğlu, H. (2015). Outbreak of Peracute Urea Toxicosis in Sheep Following the Consumption of New Packages of Grain Barley. Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 34(1-2), 81-84. https://doi.org/10.30782/uluvfd.393264
AMA	Oruç HH, Çelik M, Şahintürk P, Gençoğlu H. Outbreak of Peracute Urea Toxicosis in Sheep Following the Consumption of New Packages of Grain Barley. Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi. December 2015;34(1-2):81-84. doi:10.30782/uluvfd.393264
Chicago	Oruç Hasan Hüseyin, Meltem Çelik, Pınar Şahintürk, and Hıdır Gençoğlu. “Outbreak of Peracute Urea Toxicosis in Sheep Following the Consumption of New Packages of Grain Barley”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 34, no. 1-2 (December 2015): 81-84. https://doi.org/10.30782/uluvfd.393264.
EndNote	Oruç HH, Çelik M, Şahintürk P, Gençoğlu H (December 1, 2015) Outbreak of Peracute Urea Toxicosis in Sheep Following the Consumption of New Packages of Grain Barley. Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 34 1-2 81–84.
IEEE	H. H. Oruç, M. Çelik, P. Şahintürk, and H. Gençoğlu, “Outbreak of Peracute Urea Toxicosis in Sheep Following the Consumption of New Packages of Grain Barley”, Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 34, no. 1-2, pp. 81–84, 2015, doi: 10.30782/uluvfd.393264.
ISNAD	Oruç Hasan Hüseyin et al. “Outbreak of Peracute Urea Toxicosis in Sheep Following the Consumption of New Packages of Grain Barley”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 34/1-2 (December 2015), 81-84. https://doi.org/10.30782/uluvfd.393264.
JAMA	Oruç HH, Çelik M, Şahintürk P, Gençoğlu H. Outbreak of Peracute Urea Toxicosis in Sheep Following the Consumption of New Packages of Grain Barley. Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi. 2015;34:81–84.
MLA	Oruç Hasan Hüseyin et al. “Outbreak of Peracute Urea Toxicosis in Sheep Following the Consumption of New Packages of Grain Barley”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 34, no. 1-2, 2015, pp. 81-84, doi:10.30782/uluvfd.393264.
Vancouver	Oruç HH, Çelik M, Şahintürk P, Gençoğlu H. Outbreak of Peracute Urea Toxicosis in Sheep Following the Consumption of New Packages of Grain Barley. Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi. 2015;34(1-2):81-4.