KÖMÜR ÖZELLİKLERİNİN TEMİZ KÖMÜR TEKNOLOJİLERİNE (GAZLAŞTIRMA, SIVILAŞTIRMA, KARBON ELYAF VE KOK ÜRETİMİ) ETKİSİ: DERLEME

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 22 - 56, 31.12.2022

Nazan Yalçın Erik

Öz

Kömür, petrol ve doğal gaz gibi diğer fosil yakıtlara göre Dünyada daha bol, coğrafi olarak daha homojen, madenciliğinin nispeten kolay ve düşük maliyetli olması nedeniyle geçmişten günümüze değin dünyada en fazla kullanılan ve tercih edilen enerji kaynağıdır. Bununla birlikte son 20 yılda küresel ölçekte etkileri artarak kendini gösteren fosil yakıtlara bağlı sera gazı etkileri ve çevresel felaketler bu kaynak için alternatif yakıtlar bulunması yanısıra kömürün temiz yakma teknolojileri geliştirilmesini de zorunlu kılmıştır. Temiz kömür teknolojileri, kömür madenciliğinden itibaren tüm kullanımında hem çevresel olarak kabul edilebilirliğini hem de verimliliğini artıran teknolojiler olarak tanımlanabilir. Son yıllarda dikkat çekici boyutta bilimsel araştırmaların ve sektörel uygulamaların yapıldığı birkaç uygulama özellikle dikkat çekicidir. Bahsedilen bu uygulamalardan olan kömürlerin gazlaştırma, sıvılaştırma, kok ve karbon elyaf üretimi için hammadde (kömür) seçiminde petrografik, petro-fiziksel ve mineralojik özellikler olmak üzere birçok bilimsel parametreye dikkat edilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada gazlaştırma ve sıvılaştırma gibi temiz kömür teknoloji uygulamalarında kullanılacak kömürlerin organik bileşim ve mineral madde içeriği, kömürleşme derecesi, eser elementlerin dağılımı, yapısal bileşim ve gözenek yapısı özelliklerinin bu uygulamalara olan etkisinin açıklanması hedeflenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Temiz Kömür Teknolojileri, Sıvılaşma, Gazlaştırma, Karbon fiber, Linyit

EFFECT OF COAL PROPERTIES ON CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGIES (GASIFICATION, LIQUIDATION, COAL CARBONIZATION AND CARBON FIBER PRODUCTION): REVIEW

Öz

Compared to other fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas, it is the most used and preferred energy source in the world from past to present, due to its abundance, geographically more homogeneous, relatively easy and low cost mining. In addition to this, the greenhouse gas effects and environmental disasters due to fossil fuels, whose effects have increased on a global scale in the last 20 years, have necessitated the development of clean burning technologies for coal as well as the discovery of alternative fuels for this resource. Clean coal technologies can be defined as technologies that increase both its environmental acceptability and efficiency in all its use, starting from coal mining. A few applications in which remarkable scientific research and sectoral applications have been made in recent years are particularly noteworthy. It is necessary to pay attention to many scientific parameters, including petrographic, petro-physical and mineralogical properties, in the selection of raw materials (coal) for gasification, liquefaction, coke and carbon fiber production of coals, which are among these applications. In this study, it is aimed to explain the effects of organic composition and mineral matter content, carbonization degree, distribution of trace elements, structural composition and pore structure properties of coals to be used in clean coal technology applications such as gasification and liquefaction.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Clean Coal Technologies, Liquefaction, Gasification, Carbon fiber, lignite

Kaynakça

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