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SAĞLIK PROGRAMLARINDA ÖĞRENİM GÖREN ÖĞRENCİLERİN COVID-19’A DAİR BİLGİ, ÖNLEMLERE UYUM VE RİSK ALGISI DÜZEYLERİNİN SOSYO-DEMOGRAFİK ÖZELLİKLER AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ

Year 2021, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 181 - 192, 30.04.2021

Haydar Hoşgör Zeynep Aközlü

Abstract

Bireylerin sağlık riski algısı, bulaşıcı hastalıkların yayılımının önlenmesinde önemli bir faktördür. COVID-19’un daha çok yaşlı nüfusu etkilediği yönündeki haberler genç yaş gruplarında rehavete neden olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın iki temel amacı vardır. Bunlardan ilki, üniversite öğrencilerinin sosyo-demografik özellikleri ile COVID-19 hakkındaki bilgi, önlemlere uyum ve risk algısı düzeyleri arasındaki farkların incelenmesidir. İkincisi ise katılımcıların COVID-19’a dair bilgi, önlemlere uyum ve risk algısı düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkilerin araştırılmasıdır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda veriler, 1-10 Aralık 2020 tarihleri arasında İstanbul’da bulunan bir vakıf üniversitesinin sağlık programlarında eğitim gören öğrencilerden çevrimiçi anket yöntemiyle toplanmıştır. 310 kullanılabilir anketin elde edildiği araştırmada; öğrencilerin risk algısı düzeyleri ile cinsiyet ve yaşadıkları yerin niteliği arasında anlamlı bir farklılık saptanmıştır (p<0,05). Öğrencilerin önlemlere uyum düzeyi ile risk algısı düzeyi (r=0,273) ve bilgi düzeyi (r=0,131) arasında pozitif ve anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmıştır. Ayrıca öğrencilerin COVID-19 kaynaklı risk algıları ve bu konudaki bilgi düzeyleri arttıkça, virüsten korunma önlemlerine daha fazla riayet ettikleri sonucuna varılmıştır.

Keywords

Pandemi COVID-19 risk algı önlem

References

  • Albarrak, A. I., Mohammed, R., Al Elayan, A., Al Fawaz, F., Al Masry, M., Al Shammari, M. ve Miaygil, S. Bin. (2021). Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS): Comparing the knowledge, attitude and practices of different health care workers. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 14(1), 89–96. doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2019.06.029
  • Altın, Z. (2020). Elderly People in Covid-19 Outbreak. The journal of Tepecik Education and Research Hospital, 30(2), 49–57. doi:10.5222/terh.2020.93723
  • Backer, J. A., Klinkenberg, D. ve Wallinga, J. (2020). Incubation period of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infections among travellers from Wuhan, China, 20–28 January 2020. Eurosurveillance, 25(5), 2000062. doi:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.5.2000062
  • Bandelow, B. ve Michaelis, S. (2015). Epidemiology of anxiety disorders in the 21st century. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 17(3), 327–335.
  • Barr, M., Raphael, B., Taylor, M., Stevens, G., Jorm, L., Giffin, M. ve Lujic, S. (2008). Pandemic influenza in Australia: Using telephone surveys to measure perceptions of threat and willingness to comply. BMC Infectious Diseases, 8, 117. doi:10.1186/1471-2334-8-117
  • Chan, E. Y. Y., Huang, Z., Lo, E. S. K., Hung, K. K. C., Wong, E. L. Y. ve Wong, S. Y. S. (2020). Sociodemographic predictors of health risk perception, attitude and behavior practices associated with health-emergency disaster risk management for biological hazards: The case of COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong, SAR China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(11). doi:10.3390/ijerph17113869
  • Cori, L., Bianchi, F., Cadum, E. ve Anthonj, C. (2020). Risk perception and covid-19. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(9). doi:10.3390/ijerph17093114
  • Ergün, E., Ergün, Ş. ve Çelebi, İ. (2020). Acil sağlık hizmetleri personellerinin Covid-19 hakkında bilgi, korunma düzeyleri ve etkileyen etmenler. Paramedik ve Acil Sağlık Hizmetleri Dergisi, 1, 16–27.
  • Faasse, K. ve Newby, J. (2020). Public perceptions of COVID-19 in Australia: perceived risk, knowledge, health-protective behaviours, and vaccine intentions. medRxiv preprint, 20079996. doi:10.1101/2020.04.25.20079996
  • Haque, T., Hossain, K. M., Bhuiyan, M. M. R., Ananna, S. A., Chowdhury, S. H., Ahmed, A. ve Rahman, M. M. (2020). Knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19 and assessment of risks of infection by SARS-CoV-2 among the Bangladeshi population : An online cross sectional survey. Research Square, 1–21. doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-24562/v1
  • He, S., Chen, S., Kong, L. ve Liu, W. (2020). Analysis of Risk Perceptions and Related Factors Concerning COVID-19 Epidemic in Chongqing, China. Journal of Community Health, 1. doi:10.1007/s10900-020-00870-4
  • Jacobs, J., Taylor, M., Agho, K., Stevens, G., Barr, M. ve Raphael, B. (2010). Factors Associated with Increased Risk Perception of Pandemic Influenza in Australia. Influenza Research and Treatment, 2010, 1–7. doi:10.1155/2010/947906
  • Jones, J. H. ve Salathé, M. (2009). Early assessment of anxiety and behavioral response to novel swine-origin influenza a(H1N1). PLoS ONE, 4(12), e8032. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008032
  • Karasneh, R., Al-Azzam, S., Muflih, S., Soudah, O., Hawamdeh, S. ve Khader, Y. (2021). Media’s effect on shaping knowledge, awareness risk perceptions and communication practices of pandemic COVID-19 among pharmacists. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 17(1), 1897–1902. doi:10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.04.027
  • Kavaklı, M., Ak, M., Uğuz, F. ve Türkmen, O. O. (2020). The mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between perceived COVID-19 threat and death anxiety. Turkish J Clinical Psychiatry, 23. doi:10.5505/kpd.2020.59862
  • Lau, J. T. F., Kim, J. H., Tsui, H. ve Griffiths, S. (2007). Anticipated and current preventive behaviors in response to an anticipated human-to-human H5N1 epidemic in the Hong Kong Chinese general population. BMC Infectious Diseases, 7, 18. doi:10.1186/1471-2334-7-18
  • Leung, G. M., Lam, T. H., Ho, L. M., Ho, S. Y., Chan, B. H. Y., Wong, I. O. L. ve Hedley, A. J. (2003). The impact of community psychological responses on outbreak control for severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 57(11), 857–863. doi:10.1136/jech.57.11.857
  • Li, J.-B., Yang, A., Dou, K., Wang, L.-X., Zhang, M.-C. ve Lin, X.-Q. (2020). Chinese Public’s Knowledge, Perceived Severity, and Perceived Controllability of The COVID-19 And Their Associations With Emotional And Behavioural Reactions, Social Participation and Precautionary Behaviour: A National Survey. PsyArXiv Preprints, (February), 0–30. doi:10.31234/osf.io/5tmsh
  • McFadden, S. A. M., Malik, A. A., Aguolu, O. G., Willebrand, K. S. ve Omer, S. B. (2020). Perceptions of the adult US population regarding the novel coronavirus outbreak. PLoS ONE, 15(4). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0231808
  • Motta Zanin, G., Gentile, E., Parisi, A. ve Spasiano, D. (2020). A Preliminary Evaluation of the Public Risk Perception Related to the COVID-19 Health Emergency in Italy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(9), 3024. doi:10.3390/ijerph17093024
  • Pan, R., Zhang, L. ve Pan, J. (2020). The anxiety status of chinese medical workers during the epidemic of COVID-19: A meta-analysis. Psychiatry Investigation, 17(5), 475–480. doi:10.30773/pi.2020.0127
  • Roy, D., Tripathy, S., Kar, S. K., Sharma, N., Verma, S. K. ve Kaushal, V. (2020). Study of knowledge, attitude, anxiety & perceived mental healthcare need in Indian population during COVID-19 pandemic. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 51, 102083. doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102083
  • Srichan, P., Apidechkul, T., Tamornpark, R., Yeemard, F., Khunthason, S., Kitchanapaiboon, S., … Upala, P. (2020). Knowledge, Attitude and Preparedness to Respond to the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Among the Bordered Population of Northern Thailand in the Early Period of the Outbreak: A Cross-Sectional Study. SSRN Electronic Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3546046
  • Taghrir, M. H., Borazjani, R. ve Shiraly, R. (2020). Covid-19 and Iranian medical students; A survey on their related-knowledge, preventive behaviors and risk perception. Archives of Iranian medicine, 23(4), 249–254. doi:10.34172/aim.2020.06
  • Tavşancıl, E. (2014). Tutumların Ölçülmesi ve SPSS ile Veri Analizi (5. Basım.). Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Tuğut, N. ve Bekar, M. (2008). Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Sağlığı Algılama Durumları ile Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi Davranışları Arasındaki İlişki. Atatürk Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 11(3), 17–26.
  • Tutku, E., Ilıman, E. ve Dönmez, E. (2020). Bireylerin sağlık anksiyetesi düzeyleri ile Covid-19 salgını kontrol algısının karşılaştırılması. Uluslararası Sağlık Yönetimi ve Stratejileri Araştırma Dergisi, 1, 139–154.
  • Van Bavel, J. J., Baicker, K., Boggio, P. S., Capraro, V., Cichocka, A., Cikara, M., … Weeden, K. A. (2020). Using social and behavioural science to support COVID-19 pandemic response. Nature Human Behaviour, 1–12. doi:10.1038/s41562-020-0884-z
  • Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C. S. ve Ho, R. C. (2020). Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(5), 1729. doi:10.3390/ijerph17051729
  • West, R., Michie, S., Rubin, G. J. ve Amlôt, R. (2020). Applying principles of behaviour change to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Nature Human Behaviour, 4(5), 451–459. doi:10.1038/s41562-020-0887-9
  • World Health Organization. (2020). COVID-19 situation reports. 19 Aralık 2020 tarihinde https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Xu, J. ve Peng, Z. (2015). People at risk of influenza pandemics: The evolution of perception and behavior. PLoS ONE, 10(12). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0144868 Zhang, Y. (2020). The Epidemiological Characteristics of an Outbreak of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19). CCDCweekly, 2(8), 113–122. doi:10.46234/ccdcw2020.032
  • Zhong, B. L., Luo, W., Li, H. M., Zhang, Q. Q., Liu, X. G., Li, W. T. ve Li, Y. (2020). Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19 among chinese residents during the rapid rise period of the COVID-19 outbreak: A quick online cross-sectional survey. International Journal of Biological Sciences, 16(10), 1745–1752. doi:10.7150/ijbs.45221

INVESTIGATION OF KNOWLEDGE, COMPLIANCE WITH PREVENTION AND RISK PERCEPTION LEVELS ABOUT COVID-19 IN TERMS OF SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF STUDENTS IN HEALTH PROGRAMS

Year 2021, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 181 - 192, 30.04.2021

Haydar Hoşgör Zeynep Aközlü

Abstract

Individuals' perception of health risk is an important factor in preventing the spread of infectious diseases. The news that COVID-19 affects mostly the elderly population may cause complacency in young age groups. This study has two objectives: The first, to investigate the differences between the socio-demographic characteristics of the university students and their knowledge of COVID-19, compliance with prevention measures and levels of risk perception. The second, to investigate the relationships between participants' knowledge about COVID-19, compliance with prevention measures, and levels of risk perception. The data were collected from the health program students of a foundation university in Istanbul via online survey between December 1-10, 2020. In the study, in which 310 usable questionnaires were obtained, significant differences were determined between the risk perception levels of the students in terms of the sex and the characteristic of the place they lived in variables (p<0.05). There was a positive and significant relationship between the students' level of compliance with the prevention measures and their risk perception levels (r=0.273) and knowledge levels (r=0.131). It was also concluded that as the students' COVID-19-related risk perceptions and their knowledge levels on this issue increased, they were more likely to comply with measures to protect themselves from viruses.

Keywords

pandemic COVID-19 risk perception prevention

References

  • Albarrak, A. I., Mohammed, R., Al Elayan, A., Al Fawaz, F., Al Masry, M., Al Shammari, M. ve Miaygil, S. Bin. (2021). Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS): Comparing the knowledge, attitude and practices of different health care workers. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 14(1), 89–96. doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2019.06.029
  • Altın, Z. (2020). Elderly People in Covid-19 Outbreak. The journal of Tepecik Education and Research Hospital, 30(2), 49–57. doi:10.5222/terh.2020.93723
  • Backer, J. A., Klinkenberg, D. ve Wallinga, J. (2020). Incubation period of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infections among travellers from Wuhan, China, 20–28 January 2020. Eurosurveillance, 25(5), 2000062. doi:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.5.2000062
  • Bandelow, B. ve Michaelis, S. (2015). Epidemiology of anxiety disorders in the 21st century. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 17(3), 327–335.
  • Barr, M., Raphael, B., Taylor, M., Stevens, G., Jorm, L., Giffin, M. ve Lujic, S. (2008). Pandemic influenza in Australia: Using telephone surveys to measure perceptions of threat and willingness to comply. BMC Infectious Diseases, 8, 117. doi:10.1186/1471-2334-8-117
  • Chan, E. Y. Y., Huang, Z., Lo, E. S. K., Hung, K. K. C., Wong, E. L. Y. ve Wong, S. Y. S. (2020). Sociodemographic predictors of health risk perception, attitude and behavior practices associated with health-emergency disaster risk management for biological hazards: The case of COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong, SAR China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(11). doi:10.3390/ijerph17113869
  • Cori, L., Bianchi, F., Cadum, E. ve Anthonj, C. (2020). Risk perception and covid-19. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(9). doi:10.3390/ijerph17093114
  • Ergün, E., Ergün, Ş. ve Çelebi, İ. (2020). Acil sağlık hizmetleri personellerinin Covid-19 hakkında bilgi, korunma düzeyleri ve etkileyen etmenler. Paramedik ve Acil Sağlık Hizmetleri Dergisi, 1, 16–27.
  • Faasse, K. ve Newby, J. (2020). Public perceptions of COVID-19 in Australia: perceived risk, knowledge, health-protective behaviours, and vaccine intentions. medRxiv preprint, 20079996. doi:10.1101/2020.04.25.20079996
  • Haque, T., Hossain, K. M., Bhuiyan, M. M. R., Ananna, S. A., Chowdhury, S. H., Ahmed, A. ve Rahman, M. M. (2020). Knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19 and assessment of risks of infection by SARS-CoV-2 among the Bangladeshi population : An online cross sectional survey. Research Square, 1–21. doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-24562/v1
  • He, S., Chen, S., Kong, L. ve Liu, W. (2020). Analysis of Risk Perceptions and Related Factors Concerning COVID-19 Epidemic in Chongqing, China. Journal of Community Health, 1. doi:10.1007/s10900-020-00870-4
  • Jacobs, J., Taylor, M., Agho, K., Stevens, G., Barr, M. ve Raphael, B. (2010). Factors Associated with Increased Risk Perception of Pandemic Influenza in Australia. Influenza Research and Treatment, 2010, 1–7. doi:10.1155/2010/947906
  • Jones, J. H. ve Salathé, M. (2009). Early assessment of anxiety and behavioral response to novel swine-origin influenza a(H1N1). PLoS ONE, 4(12), e8032. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008032
  • Karasneh, R., Al-Azzam, S., Muflih, S., Soudah, O., Hawamdeh, S. ve Khader, Y. (2021). Media’s effect on shaping knowledge, awareness risk perceptions and communication practices of pandemic COVID-19 among pharmacists. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 17(1), 1897–1902. doi:10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.04.027
  • Kavaklı, M., Ak, M., Uğuz, F. ve Türkmen, O. O. (2020). The mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between perceived COVID-19 threat and death anxiety. Turkish J Clinical Psychiatry, 23. doi:10.5505/kpd.2020.59862
  • Lau, J. T. F., Kim, J. H., Tsui, H. ve Griffiths, S. (2007). Anticipated and current preventive behaviors in response to an anticipated human-to-human H5N1 epidemic in the Hong Kong Chinese general population. BMC Infectious Diseases, 7, 18. doi:10.1186/1471-2334-7-18
  • Leung, G. M., Lam, T. H., Ho, L. M., Ho, S. Y., Chan, B. H. Y., Wong, I. O. L. ve Hedley, A. J. (2003). The impact of community psychological responses on outbreak control for severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 57(11), 857–863. doi:10.1136/jech.57.11.857
  • Li, J.-B., Yang, A., Dou, K., Wang, L.-X., Zhang, M.-C. ve Lin, X.-Q. (2020). Chinese Public’s Knowledge, Perceived Severity, and Perceived Controllability of The COVID-19 And Their Associations With Emotional And Behavioural Reactions, Social Participation and Precautionary Behaviour: A National Survey. PsyArXiv Preprints, (February), 0–30. doi:10.31234/osf.io/5tmsh
  • McFadden, S. A. M., Malik, A. A., Aguolu, O. G., Willebrand, K. S. ve Omer, S. B. (2020). Perceptions of the adult US population regarding the novel coronavirus outbreak. PLoS ONE, 15(4). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0231808
  • Motta Zanin, G., Gentile, E., Parisi, A. ve Spasiano, D. (2020). A Preliminary Evaluation of the Public Risk Perception Related to the COVID-19 Health Emergency in Italy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(9), 3024. doi:10.3390/ijerph17093024
  • Pan, R., Zhang, L. ve Pan, J. (2020). The anxiety status of chinese medical workers during the epidemic of COVID-19: A meta-analysis. Psychiatry Investigation, 17(5), 475–480. doi:10.30773/pi.2020.0127
  • Roy, D., Tripathy, S., Kar, S. K., Sharma, N., Verma, S. K. ve Kaushal, V. (2020). Study of knowledge, attitude, anxiety & perceived mental healthcare need in Indian population during COVID-19 pandemic. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 51, 102083. doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102083
  • Srichan, P., Apidechkul, T., Tamornpark, R., Yeemard, F., Khunthason, S., Kitchanapaiboon, S., … Upala, P. (2020). Knowledge, Attitude and Preparedness to Respond to the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Among the Bordered Population of Northern Thailand in the Early Period of the Outbreak: A Cross-Sectional Study. SSRN Electronic Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3546046
  • Taghrir, M. H., Borazjani, R. ve Shiraly, R. (2020). Covid-19 and Iranian medical students; A survey on their related-knowledge, preventive behaviors and risk perception. Archives of Iranian medicine, 23(4), 249–254. doi:10.34172/aim.2020.06
  • Tavşancıl, E. (2014). Tutumların Ölçülmesi ve SPSS ile Veri Analizi (5. Basım.). Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Tuğut, N. ve Bekar, M. (2008). Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Sağlığı Algılama Durumları ile Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi Davranışları Arasındaki İlişki. Atatürk Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 11(3), 17–26.
  • Tutku, E., Ilıman, E. ve Dönmez, E. (2020). Bireylerin sağlık anksiyetesi düzeyleri ile Covid-19 salgını kontrol algısının karşılaştırılması. Uluslararası Sağlık Yönetimi ve Stratejileri Araştırma Dergisi, 1, 139–154.
  • Van Bavel, J. J., Baicker, K., Boggio, P. S., Capraro, V., Cichocka, A., Cikara, M., … Weeden, K. A. (2020). Using social and behavioural science to support COVID-19 pandemic response. Nature Human Behaviour, 1–12. doi:10.1038/s41562-020-0884-z
  • Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C. S. ve Ho, R. C. (2020). Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(5), 1729. doi:10.3390/ijerph17051729
  • West, R., Michie, S., Rubin, G. J. ve Amlôt, R. (2020). Applying principles of behaviour change to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Nature Human Behaviour, 4(5), 451–459. doi:10.1038/s41562-020-0887-9
  • World Health Organization. (2020). COVID-19 situation reports. 19 Aralık 2020 tarihinde https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Xu, J. ve Peng, Z. (2015). People at risk of influenza pandemics: The evolution of perception and behavior. PLoS ONE, 10(12). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0144868 Zhang, Y. (2020). The Epidemiological Characteristics of an Outbreak of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19). CCDCweekly, 2(8), 113–122. doi:10.46234/ccdcw2020.032
  • Zhong, B. L., Luo, W., Li, H. M., Zhang, Q. Q., Liu, X. G., Li, W. T. ve Li, Y. (2020). Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19 among chinese residents during the rapid rise period of the COVID-19 outbreak: A quick online cross-sectional survey. International Journal of Biological Sciences, 16(10), 1745–1752. doi:10.7150/ijbs.45221
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Haydar Hoşgör This is me 0000-0002-1174-1184

Zeynep Aközlü 0000-0003-4561-4025

Publication Date April 30, 2021
Acceptance Date April 10, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Hoşgör, H., & Aközlü, Z. (2021). SAĞLIK PROGRAMLARINDA ÖĞRENİM GÖREN ÖĞRENCİLERİN COVID-19’A DAİR BİLGİ, ÖNLEMLERE UYUM VE RİSK ALGISI DÜZEYLERİNİN SOSYO-DEMOGRAFİK ÖZELLİKLER AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ. Uluslararası Sağlık Yönetimi Ve Stratejileri Araştırma Dergisi, 7(1), 181-192.
AMA Hoşgör H, Aközlü Z. SAĞLIK PROGRAMLARINDA ÖĞRENİM GÖREN ÖĞRENCİLERİN COVID-19’A DAİR BİLGİ, ÖNLEMLERE UYUM VE RİSK ALGISI DÜZEYLERİNİN SOSYO-DEMOGRAFİK ÖZELLİKLER AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ. USAYSAD. April 2021;7(1):181-192.
Chicago Hoşgör, Haydar, and Zeynep Aközlü. “SAĞLIK PROGRAMLARINDA ÖĞRENİM GÖREN ÖĞRENCİLERİN COVID-19’A DAİR BİLGİ, ÖNLEMLERE UYUM VE RİSK ALGISI DÜZEYLERİNİN SOSYO-DEMOGRAFİK ÖZELLİKLER AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ”. Uluslararası Sağlık Yönetimi Ve Stratejileri Araştırma Dergisi 7, no. 1 (April 2021): 181-92.
EndNote Hoşgör H, Aközlü Z (April 1, 2021) SAĞLIK PROGRAMLARINDA ÖĞRENİM GÖREN ÖĞRENCİLERİN COVID-19’A DAİR BİLGİ, ÖNLEMLERE UYUM VE RİSK ALGISI DÜZEYLERİNİN SOSYO-DEMOGRAFİK ÖZELLİKLER AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ. Uluslararası Sağlık Yönetimi ve Stratejileri Araştırma Dergisi 7 1 181–192.
IEEE H. Hoşgör and Z. Aközlü, “SAĞLIK PROGRAMLARINDA ÖĞRENİM GÖREN ÖĞRENCİLERİN COVID-19’A DAİR BİLGİ, ÖNLEMLERE UYUM VE RİSK ALGISI DÜZEYLERİNİN SOSYO-DEMOGRAFİK ÖZELLİKLER AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ”, USAYSAD, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 181–192, 2021.
ISNAD Hoşgör, Haydar - Aközlü, Zeynep. “SAĞLIK PROGRAMLARINDA ÖĞRENİM GÖREN ÖĞRENCİLERİN COVID-19’A DAİR BİLGİ, ÖNLEMLERE UYUM VE RİSK ALGISI DÜZEYLERİNİN SOSYO-DEMOGRAFİK ÖZELLİKLER AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ”. Uluslararası Sağlık Yönetimi ve Stratejileri Araştırma Dergisi 7/1 (April 2021), 181-192.
JAMA Hoşgör H, Aközlü Z. SAĞLIK PROGRAMLARINDA ÖĞRENİM GÖREN ÖĞRENCİLERİN COVID-19’A DAİR BİLGİ, ÖNLEMLERE UYUM VE RİSK ALGISI DÜZEYLERİNİN SOSYO-DEMOGRAFİK ÖZELLİKLER AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ. USAYSAD. 2021;7:181–192.
MLA Hoşgör, Haydar and Zeynep Aközlü. “SAĞLIK PROGRAMLARINDA ÖĞRENİM GÖREN ÖĞRENCİLERİN COVID-19’A DAİR BİLGİ, ÖNLEMLERE UYUM VE RİSK ALGISI DÜZEYLERİNİN SOSYO-DEMOGRAFİK ÖZELLİKLER AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ”. Uluslararası Sağlık Yönetimi Ve Stratejileri Araştırma Dergisi, vol. 7, no. 1, 2021, pp. 181-92.
Vancouver Hoşgör H, Aközlü Z. SAĞLIK PROGRAMLARINDA ÖĞRENİM GÖREN ÖĞRENCİLERİN COVID-19’A DAİR BİLGİ, ÖNLEMLERE UYUM VE RİSK ALGISI DÜZEYLERİNİN SOSYO-DEMOGRAFİK ÖZELLİKLER AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ. USAYSAD. 2021;7(1):181-92.
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