State and Failed State in International Law: The Case of Somalia

Year 2017, Volume: 2 Issue: 4, 81 - 102, 30.10.2017

Kerem Batır

https://doi.org/10.31454/usb.381488

Cited By: 5

Abstract

The primary subject of international law is
state. For centuries states were the only subjects present in international
arena and international law was accepted as the branch of law regulating the
relations between states. Modern state is understood as nation-state in the
World order founded just after the Westphalian Peace Treaty. The concept of
Nation State was emerged first in Europe and expanded throughout the globe as a
model. This model was also applicable to the countries who gained independence
in the decolonization process of 1960s. During the decolonization process the
new states were not examined whether they fulfilled the statehood criteria and
within a very short period of time they were in the international stage as
independent states. However most of those countries could not fulfil the
responsibilities of an ordinary state provided that they did not have effective
governments. This phenomenon not only causes internal problems but also
external ones. Those states became the source of illegal activities like global
terrorism, human trafficking, arms smuggling, sea piracy. They were also posing
threat to international peace and security. This study will examine the concept
of state and then analyse the failed states and lastly the situation in
Somalia, as the well-known example of failed states, will be evaluated.

Keywords

State, Failed State, Self Determination, Neo-Colonialism

Uluslararası Hukukta Devlet ve Başarısız Devletler: Somali Örneği

Abstract

Uluslararası Hukuk’un esas kişisi devletlerdir.
Yüzyıllar boyu uluslararası alanda sadece devletler bulunmuş, uluslararası
hukuk devletlerarasındaki ilişkileri düzenleyen hukuk dalı olarak kabul
edilmiştir. Modern devlet anlayışı 1648 Westfalya Barış Anlaşmasından sonra
kurulan dünya düzeninde ulus devlet olarak anlaşılmaktadır. Ulus Devlet kavramı
Avrupa’da ortaya çıkmış, daha sonra bir model olarak tüm dünyaya yayılmıştır.
1960lardan itibaren sömürgelerin bağımsızlık kazanmaları sürecinde de eski
sömürgeler için bu model geçerli olmuştur. Sömürge devletlerinin
bağımsızlıklarını kazanmaları esnasında devlet olma kriterlerinin tam olarak
yerine getirip getirmedikleri incelenmemiş ve kısa bir süre içinde bütün
sömürgeler bağımsız birer devlet olarak uluslararası sahneye çıkmışlardır.
Ancak bu devletlerin büyük bir çoğunluğu etkin bir devlet yönetimine sahip
olmadıkları için geleneksel olarak bir devletin yerine getirmesi gereken
yükümlülüklerini tam olarak sağlayamamaktadırlar. Bu durum ilgili ülkelerde iç
sorunlara yol açmasının yanında uluslararası alanda da sorunlar doğurmaktadır.
Bu devletler küresel terörizm, silah ve insan kaçakçılığı, deniz haydutluğu
gibi yasa dışı faaliyetlerin odağı haline gelmekte ve uluslararası barış ve
güvenliğe tehdit oluşturmaktadırlar. Bu çalışmada uluslararası hukukta devlet
kavramı incelendikten sonra başarısız devletler ele alınacak ve son olarak da
başarısız devletler arasında en bilineni Somali’nin durumu
değerlendirilecektir.

Keywords

Devlet, Başarısız Devlet, Self Determinasyon, Yeni Sömürgecilik

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