Evaluation of Intelligent Transportation Systems in the Context of Externality: Selected Country Applications

Year 2018, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 363 - 387, 31.10.2018

Mehmet Emin Kenanoğlu , Murat Aydın

https://doi.org/10.31454/usb.476915

Cited By: 1

Abstract

The problem of traffic congestion was first solved by the policemen who attempted to direct traffic by using their hands. It has been a long time since they tried to solve the traffic problems by this way. Both transportation means and problems related to transportation have been differentiated and diversified in the progress of transportation systems. Population and vehicle ownership, short and long distance travel and load-bearing tendencies have increased. Therefore, in the area of transportation, expectations as comfort, security and speed have increased. Transportation infrastructure and information and communication technologies have to be harmonized to improve economic performance, security, mobility and environmental sustainability by increased expectations and necessities. Information and technology are applied to all areas of transportation. Thereby, transportation systems provide to get smart qualities. The actual economic activity caused untested side effects on not only the supplier and costumer but also third parties. If the effects are beneficial, positive externalities occur and if the effects are harmful, negative externalities occur. By means of Intelligent Transportation Systems, many negative externalities such as time loss, death, injury during accidents, financial loss, stress, health problems and air pollution caused by traffic can be prevented by minimizing human mistakes. The aim of the paper was to propose solutions to the problem of traffic congestion by investigating country cases, namely European Union and various other countries (Australia, Singapore, Japan, the United States). The study also discusses the importance of the subject (with respect to human, environment and transportation roots) by putting forward the possible externalities that these applications cause in the cases of intelligent transportation systems and services (causes, applications and their outputs). 

Keywords

European Union, Intelligent Transportation Systems, Externality

Akıllı Ulaşım Sistemlerinin Dışsallık Bağlamında Değerlendirilmesi: Seçilmiş Ülke Uygulamaları

Abstract

Polislerin, ilk kez ellerini kullanarak, trafiği yönlendirmeleri ile sorunları çözmeye çalışmasından bu yana uzun bir süre geçmiştir. Bu süreçte hem ulaşım araçları hem de ulaşımdan kaynaklı sorunlar farklılaşmış ve çeşitlenmiştir. Nüfus ve araç sahipliği artmış, kısa ve uzun mesafeli seyahat ve yük taşıma eğilimi yükselmiş, ulaşım alanında konfor, güvenlik, hız gibi beklentiler çoğalmıştır. Beklentiler ve gerekliliğin artmasıysa; ekonomik performans, güvenlik, hareketlilik ve çevresel sürdürülebilirliği geliştirmek için ulaşım altyapısı ile bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin uyumunu zorunlu kılmıştır. Bilgi ve teknolojinin, ulaşımın her alanına uygulanması ise ulaşım sistemlerinin akıllı sıfatını kazanmasını sağlamıştır. Ulaşım sistemlerinin akıllı hale gelmesi, gerçekleşen ekonomik faaliyetlerin alıcı ve satıcının yanı sıra üçüncü kişiler üzerinde de fiyatlandırılmamış yan etkiler doğurmasına neden olmuştur. Bu etkiler yararlı olduğunda pozitif, zararlı olduğunda negatif dışsallıklar ortaya çıkmaktadır. Akıllı Ulaşım Sistemi sayesinde insan kaynaklı hatalar minimize edilerek trafik kaynaklı üçüncü kişilerin zaman kaybı, ölümü, kazalar esnasında yaralanması, maddi kayıpları, stres yaşamaları, sağlık sorunları ve hava kirliliği gibi birçok negatif dışsallığın önüne geçilebilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, yazın taraması kapsamında, Avrupa Birliği ve çeşitli ülkelerin (Avustralya, Singapur, Japonya, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri gibi) Akıllı Ulaşım Sistemleri ve Hizmetlerini inceleyerek (nedenlerini, uygulamalarını ve çıktılarını) ne tür dışsallıklara sebep olduklarını ortaya koyarak, konunun önemini (insan, çevre ve ulaşım bazlı olması nedeniyle) vurgulayarak bu tür sorun yaşayan ülkelere çözüm önerilerinde bulunmak olmuştur.

Keywords

Avrupa Birliği, Akıllı Ulaşım Sistemleri, Dışsallık

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