Acid – Base Homeostasis in the Exercise a Traditional Review

Year 2022, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 74 - 94, 31.12.2022

Cebrail Gençoğlu , Mustafa Gül , Süleyman Ulupınar , Serhat Özbay , Ayhan Tanyeli , Saime Özbek Şebin , Emine Öncan

https://doi.org/10.30769/usbd.1180707

Abstract

During high intensity exercise (i.e., working above the lactate threshold), the contracting skeletal muscles generate plenty of hydrogen (H+) ions. These H+ ions can lead to the exercise-induced metabolic acidosis and impairment of acid-base homeostasis. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explain (a) the physiological mechanism of changes in the body pH level due to exercise and its effect on sportive performance, (b) the physiological mechanism of changes in exercise-induced acid-base homeostasis and its effect on athletic performance, and (c) the methods to minimize the negative effects of the mentioned physiological events. The aim of this study is to examine the nutritional supplements that can be used in the light of current literature. In this review, scientific articles and books on exercise and acid-base balance, exercise-induced acid-base disorders were examined. Pub Med, Web of Science, Medline, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and ULAKBİM electronic databases were searched using the keywords “exercise and pH balance”, “acidosis and exercise”, “exercise and acid-base balance”, “athletic performance and fluid balance”, “sport supplements for acid-base balance”, “sports beverage for athletes” and “nutritional strategies for acid-base balance”. A decrease in pH level with metabolic acidosis could decrease the exercise performance. Metabolic acidosis also negatively affects exercise performance due to factors such as the feeling of fatigue, and the decrease in mechanical performance in the muscles in athletes Therefore, showing the necessary sensitivity to the protection of acid-base balance and using supportive nutritional supplements (sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate, beta alanine, etc.) for delaying fatigue by athletes are recommended alternatives to maintain optimal performance.

Keywords

Acidosis, Alkalosis, Sport, Performance

Egzersizde Asit-Baz Homeostazi Bir Geleneksel Derleme

Abstract

Yüksek yoğunluklu egzersiz sırasında (örneğin, laktat eşiğinin üzerinde çalışmak) kasılan iskelet kasları, önemli miktarda hidrojen (H+) iyonu birikimine sebep olur. Bu H+ iyonları, egzersize bağlı metabolik asidozun gelişmesine ve asit-baz homeostazının bozulmasına sebep olabilir. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmanın amacı (a) egzersize bağlı vücut pH seviyesinde meydana gelen değişimlerin fizyolojik mekanizmasını ve sportif performansa etkisini, (b) egzersize bağlı asit-baz homeostazında görülen değişimlerin fizyolojik mekanizmasını ve sportif performansa etkisini ve (c) bahsedilen fizyolojik olayların olumsuz etkilerinin minimize edilmesi için kullanılabilecek besin takviyelerini güncel literatür ışığında incelemeyi amaçlamıştır. Bu derleme çalışmasında egzersiz ve asit-baz dengesi, egzersize bağlı asit-baz bozuklukları ile ilgili konuları içeren bilimsel metinler ve kitaplar incelenmiştir. Pub Med, Web of Science, Medline, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar ve ULAKBİM elektronik veri tabanları “exercise and pH balance”, “acidosis and exercise”, “exercise and acid-base balance”, “athletic performance and fluid balance”, “sport supplements for asid-base balance”, “sports beverage for athletes’’ ve “nutritional strategies for acid-base balance” anahtar kelimeleri kullanılarak taranmıştır. Metabolik asidozla birlikte sporcularda yorgunluk hissi, kaslardaki mekanik performansın azalması gibi etmenler dolayısıyla egzersiz performansını da olumsuz etkiler. Bu nedenle sporcular tarafından yüksek şiddetli egzersizlerde bozulabilecek asit-baz homeostazı için destekleyici besinsel takviyelerin kullanılması (sodyum bikarbonat, sodyum sitrat, beta alanin vb.) sportif performansın optimal biçimde sürdürülebilmesi, oluşabilecek yorgunluğun geciktirilebilmesi ve performansın artırılması için tavsiye edilen alternatiflerdir.

Keywords

pH, Asidoz, Alkaloz, Spor, Performans, Acidosis, Alkalosis, Sport, Performance

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