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Workplace Aggression and Violence

Year 2023, Volume: 5 Issue: 8, 187 - 212, 01.04.2023

Abstract

Violence is a serious problem for Turkey as it is in the world. It is inevitable that violence, which is observed in all areas of social life, is also seen in work life. Workplace violence includes incidents that occur in workplaces and sometimes not in the workplace but in social environments related to work, which can include psychological violence such as threats, harassment, intimidation, as well as physical violence. Workplace aggression and violence negatively effect human health and social integrity. Anyone can be a target of violence. In addition, working conditions and work-related factors can also lead to violence. In this study, it is aimed to present a conceptual framework for workplace violence and aggression based on literature, to draw attention to the subject by emphasizing the factors that lead to workplace violence, the consequences of workplace violence and the preventions that can be taken regarding workplace violence.

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References

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  • Alkorashy, H. A., & Al Moalad, F. B. (2016). Workplace violence against nursing staff in a Saudi university hospital. International Nursing Review, 63(2), 226-232. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12242
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  • Arias, I., Lyons, C. M., & Street, A. E. (1997). Individual and marital consequences of victimization: Moderating effects of relationship efficacy and spouse support. Journal of Family Violence, 12, 193–210. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1023/A:1022888728475
  • Aytac, S., Bozkurt, V., Bayram, N., Yildiz, S., Aytac, M., Akinci, F. S., & Bilgel, N. (2011). Workplace violence: a study of Turkish workers. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 17(4), 385–402. https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2011.11076902
  • Barron, O. (2003) Workplace violence and bullying: Your rights, what to do and where to go for help. Melbourne: Jobwatch and WorkSafe Victoria. Retrieved from: https://www.daru.org.au
  • Belsey, B. (n.d) Cyberbullying: An emerging threat to the “always on” generation. www.cyberbullying.ca (accessed May 1, 2023)
  • Bernaldo-De-Quirós, M., Piccini, A.T., Gómez, M.M. & Cerdeira, J.C. (2015). Psychological consequences of aggression in pre-hospital emergency care: Cross sectional survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 52, 260-270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2014.05.011
  • Boyle, M. J. & Wallis, J. (2016). Working towards a defnition for workplace violence actions in the health sector. Safety in Health, 2(1),1-6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40886-016-0015-8
  • Chen, L., & Cheng, Y. (2017). Perceived severity of cyberbullying behaviour: Differences between genders, grades and participant roles. Educational Psychology, 37(5), 599–610. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2016.1202898
  • Chu, X. W., Fan, C. Y., Liu, Q. Q., & Zhou, Z. K. (2018). Cyberbullying victimization and symptoms of depression and anxiety among Chinese adolescents: Examining hopelessness as a mediator and self-compassion as a moderator. Computers in Human Behavior, 86, 377–386. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2018.04.039
  • Cole, L. L., P. Grubb, S.L. Sauter, N.G. Swanson & P. Lawless. (1997). Psychosocial correlates of harassment, threats and fear of violence in the workplace. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 23 (6), 450–457. DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.268
  • Cooper, C., & Swanson, N. (2002). Workplace violence in the health sector. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labor Organization, World Health Organization, International Council of Nurses.
  • Crick, N. R., & Grotpeter, J. K. (1995). Relational aggression, gender, and social-psychological adjustment. Child Development, 66(3), 710–722. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00900.x
  • Dalvand, S., Ghanei Gheshlagh, R., Najafi, F., Zahednezhad, H. & Sayehmiri, K. (2018). The prevalence of workplace violence against iranian nurses: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Shiraz E-Medical Journal, 19(9), e65923 https://doi.org/10.5812/semj.65923
  • Di Martino, V. & Musri, M. (2001). Guidance forthe prevention of stress and violence at the workplace. In Ministry of Human Resources Malaysia and International Labour Organization.
  • Dursun, S. & Aytaç, S. (2021a). The prevalence of violence against healthcare workers in Turkey and employee job satisfaction. Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 15(6), 1607-1610. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211561607
  • Dursun, S. & Aytaç, S. (2021b). Workplace violence against police officers and the effect of workplace violence on mental health. Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 15(12), 3491-3493. DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs2115123491
  • Einarsen, S., & Skogstad, A. (1996). Bullying at work: Epidemiological findings in public and private organizations. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 5(2), 185–201. https://doi.org/10.1080/13594329608414854
  • Einarsen, S. (2000). Harassment and bullying at work: A review of the Scandinavian approach. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 5(4), 379–401. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-1789(98)00043-3
  • Einarsen, S., Hoel, H., & Notelaers, G. (2009). Measuring exposure to bullying and harassment at work: Validity, factor structure and psychometric properties of the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised. Work & Stress, 23(1), 24-44. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370902815673
  • Einarsen, S., Hoel, H., Zapf, D., & Cooper, C. L. (2011). The concept of bullying and harassment at work: The European tradition. In S. Einarsen, H. Hoel, D. Zapf, & C. L. Cooper (Eds.), Bullying and harassment in the workplace: Developments in theory, research, and practice (pp. 1-39). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press/Taylor & Francis.
  • Escartín, J., Rodríguez-Carballeira, Á., Zapf, D., Porrúa, C., & Martín-Peña, J. (2009). Perceived severity of various bullying behaviours at work and the relevance of exposure to bullying. Work & Stress, 23(3), 191-205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02678370903289639
  • European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (2015). Workplace Violence. https://oshwiki.osha.europa.eu/en/themes/workplace-violence
  • Fischer, T., Van Reemst, L., & De Jong, J. (2016). Workplace aggression toward local government employees: Target characteristics. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 29(1), 30-53. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPSM-05-2015-0100
  • Fitzgerald, L. F., Gelfand, M. J. & Drasgow, F. (1995). Measuring sexual harassment: Theoretical and psychometric advances. Basic and Applied. Social Psychology, 17, 425-445. https://doi.org /10.1207/s15324834basp1704_2
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  • Green, B. N., Johnson, C. D., & Adams, A. (2006). Writing narrative literature reviews for peer-reviewed journals: Secrets of the trade. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine, 5(3), 101-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-3467(07)60142-6
  • Heckemann, B., Zeller, A., Hahn, S., Dassen, T., Schols, J. & Halfens, R. (2015). The effect of aggression management training programmes for nursing staff and students working in an acute hospital setting: A narrative review of current literature. Nurse Education Today, 35, 212-219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2014.08.003
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Workplace Aggression and Violence

Year 2023, Volume: 5 Issue: 8, 187 - 212, 01.04.2023

Abstract

Violence is a serious problem for Turkey as it is in the world. It is inevitable that violence, which is observed in all areas of social life, is also seen in work life. Workplace violence includes incidents that occur in workplaces and sometimes not in the workplace but in social environments related to work, which can include psychological violence such as threats, harassment, intimidation, as well as physical violence. Workplace aggression and violence negatively effect human health and social integrity. Anyone can be a target of violence. In addition, working conditions and work-related factors can also lead to violence. In this study, it is aimed to present a conceptual framework for workplace violence and aggression based on literature, to draw attention to the subject by emphasizing the factors that lead to workplace violence, the consequences of workplace violence and the preventions that can be taken regarding workplace violence.

References

  • Allen, J.J., & Anderson, C.A. (2017). Aggression and violence: Definitions and distinctions. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119057574.whbva001
  • Alkorashy, H. A., & Al Moalad, F. B. (2016). Workplace violence against nursing staff in a Saudi university hospital. International Nursing Review, 63(2), 226-232. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12242
  • American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4. Washington, DC: Author; 1994
  • American Psychiatric Association (1996), Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed., (3rd ed. revised 1987), American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC.
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed., text rev.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787 Ames, D. L., & Fiske, S. T. (2013). Intentional harms are worse, even when they’re not. Psychological Science, 24(9), 1755-1762. doi: 10.1177/0956797613480507
  • Arias, I., Lyons, C. M., & Street, A. E. (1997). Individual and marital consequences of victimization: Moderating effects of relationship efficacy and spouse support. Journal of Family Violence, 12, 193–210. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1023/A:1022888728475
  • Aytac, S., Bozkurt, V., Bayram, N., Yildiz, S., Aytac, M., Akinci, F. S., & Bilgel, N. (2011). Workplace violence: a study of Turkish workers. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 17(4), 385–402. https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2011.11076902
  • Barron, O. (2003) Workplace violence and bullying: Your rights, what to do and where to go for help. Melbourne: Jobwatch and WorkSafe Victoria. Retrieved from: https://www.daru.org.au
  • Belsey, B. (n.d) Cyberbullying: An emerging threat to the “always on” generation. www.cyberbullying.ca (accessed May 1, 2023)
  • Bernaldo-De-Quirós, M., Piccini, A.T., Gómez, M.M. & Cerdeira, J.C. (2015). Psychological consequences of aggression in pre-hospital emergency care: Cross sectional survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 52, 260-270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2014.05.011
  • Boyle, M. J. & Wallis, J. (2016). Working towards a defnition for workplace violence actions in the health sector. Safety in Health, 2(1),1-6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40886-016-0015-8
  • Chen, L., & Cheng, Y. (2017). Perceived severity of cyberbullying behaviour: Differences between genders, grades and participant roles. Educational Psychology, 37(5), 599–610. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2016.1202898
  • Chu, X. W., Fan, C. Y., Liu, Q. Q., & Zhou, Z. K. (2018). Cyberbullying victimization and symptoms of depression and anxiety among Chinese adolescents: Examining hopelessness as a mediator and self-compassion as a moderator. Computers in Human Behavior, 86, 377–386. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2018.04.039
  • Cole, L. L., P. Grubb, S.L. Sauter, N.G. Swanson & P. Lawless. (1997). Psychosocial correlates of harassment, threats and fear of violence in the workplace. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 23 (6), 450–457. DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.268
  • Cooper, C., & Swanson, N. (2002). Workplace violence in the health sector. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labor Organization, World Health Organization, International Council of Nurses.
  • Crick, N. R., & Grotpeter, J. K. (1995). Relational aggression, gender, and social-psychological adjustment. Child Development, 66(3), 710–722. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00900.x
  • Dalvand, S., Ghanei Gheshlagh, R., Najafi, F., Zahednezhad, H. & Sayehmiri, K. (2018). The prevalence of workplace violence against iranian nurses: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Shiraz E-Medical Journal, 19(9), e65923 https://doi.org/10.5812/semj.65923
  • Di Martino, V. & Musri, M. (2001). Guidance forthe prevention of stress and violence at the workplace. In Ministry of Human Resources Malaysia and International Labour Organization.
  • Dursun, S. & Aytaç, S. (2021a). The prevalence of violence against healthcare workers in Turkey and employee job satisfaction. Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 15(6), 1607-1610. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211561607
  • Dursun, S. & Aytaç, S. (2021b). Workplace violence against police officers and the effect of workplace violence on mental health. Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 15(12), 3491-3493. DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs2115123491
  • Einarsen, S., & Skogstad, A. (1996). Bullying at work: Epidemiological findings in public and private organizations. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 5(2), 185–201. https://doi.org/10.1080/13594329608414854
  • Einarsen, S. (2000). Harassment and bullying at work: A review of the Scandinavian approach. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 5(4), 379–401. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-1789(98)00043-3
  • Einarsen, S., Hoel, H., & Notelaers, G. (2009). Measuring exposure to bullying and harassment at work: Validity, factor structure and psychometric properties of the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised. Work & Stress, 23(1), 24-44. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370902815673
  • Einarsen, S., Hoel, H., Zapf, D., & Cooper, C. L. (2011). The concept of bullying and harassment at work: The European tradition. In S. Einarsen, H. Hoel, D. Zapf, & C. L. Cooper (Eds.), Bullying and harassment in the workplace: Developments in theory, research, and practice (pp. 1-39). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press/Taylor & Francis.
  • Escartín, J., Rodríguez-Carballeira, Á., Zapf, D., Porrúa, C., & Martín-Peña, J. (2009). Perceived severity of various bullying behaviours at work and the relevance of exposure to bullying. Work & Stress, 23(3), 191-205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02678370903289639
  • European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (2015). Workplace Violence. https://oshwiki.osha.europa.eu/en/themes/workplace-violence
  • Fischer, T., Van Reemst, L., & De Jong, J. (2016). Workplace aggression toward local government employees: Target characteristics. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 29(1), 30-53. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPSM-05-2015-0100
  • Fitzgerald, L. F., Gelfand, M. J. & Drasgow, F. (1995). Measuring sexual harassment: Theoretical and psychometric advances. Basic and Applied. Social Psychology, 17, 425-445. https://doi.org /10.1207/s15324834basp1704_2
  • Gardner, B. (2014). Black's law dictionary. St. Paul, MN : Thomson Reuters.
  • Gerberich, S. G., Church, T. R., McGovern, P. M., Hansen, H. E., Nachreiner, N. M., Geisser, M. S., Ryan, A. D., Mongin, S. J., & Watt, G. D. (2004). An epidemiological study of the magnitude and consequences of work related violence: the Minnesota Nurses' Study. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 61(6), 495-503. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.2003.007294
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Labor Economics
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Merve Mamacı 0000-0001-7882-3670

Publication Date April 1, 2023
Submission Date February 5, 2023
Acceptance Date March 5, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 5 Issue: 8

Cite

APA Mamacı, M. (2023). Workplace Aggression and Violence. Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Ve Eğitim Dergisi, 5(8), 187-212.

www.dergipark.org.tr/usbed


Editor in Chief:  Prof. Dr. Aytekin DEMİRCİOĞLU