Effects of Cadmium, Lead and Zinc on Seed Germination Characteristics of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)

Year 2018, Volume: 23 Issue: 2, 299 - 308, 31.08.2018

Zeynep Görkem Doğaroğlu

https://doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.417228

Cited By: 3

Abstract

Plants are the
largest interface between soil and groundwater/atmosphere. Plants face many
stress factors throughout their lives. The micronutrients (copper (Cu), zinc (Zn),
iron (Fe), etc.) required for plant growth and some toxic metals (cobalt (Co), lead
(Pb), cadmium (Cd) etc.) found in soil have phytotoxic effects depending on
their specific solubility and concentrations. These heavy metals are involved
in the ecosystem in many different ways. At the beginning of industrial welded
metals are Cu, nickel (Ni), Pb, Zn and Cd. The most important problem is the
entering possibility of these heavy metals to the food chain. In this study, different
doses of Zn (5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 mg L^-1), Cd (0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16,
32 mg L^-1) and Pb (0, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256 mg L^-1) effects
on the seed germination, root and shoot elongation and plant biomass of lettuce
were studied. As a result, Zn and Cd treatments reduced seed germination. Pb treatment
was increased the seed germination at low concentrations, whereas it was
inhibited the seed germination at high concentrations. Inhibition of root and
shoot elongation was observed at concentration of all metals and it was found
that roots are more sensitive than shoot. While there was no significant change
in plant dry masses compared to control, significant decreases were detected in
wet biomass, especially Zn exposure.

Keywords

Germination, Heavy metal, Lettuce, Root elongation, Toxicity

KADMİYUM, KURŞUN VE ÇİNKO METALLERİNİN MARUL (Lactuca sativa) TOHUMLARININ ÇİMLENME ÖZELLİKLERİ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ

Abstract

Bitkiler, toprak ve yeraltı suyu/atmosfer arasındaki
en büyük arabirim olarak görev yapmakta olup, yaşamları boyunca birçok stres
faktörü ile karşı karşıya kalırlar. Bitki gelişimi için gerekli olan mikro
besin elementleri (bakır (Cu), çinko (Zn), demir (Fe) vb.) ile toprakta bulunan
ağır metaller (kobalt (Co), kurşun (Pb), kadmiyum (Cd) vb.) belirli
konsantrasyonların üzerinde ve çözünürlüklerine bağlı olarak fitotoksik
etkilere sahiptirler. Bu metaller birçok farklı yolla ekosisteme dahil olurlar.
Endüstriyel kaynaklı metallerin başında Cu, nikel (Ni), Pb, Zn ve Cd
gelmektedir. En önemli sorun bu metallerin besin zincirine girme olasılığıdır.
Bu çalışmada farklı konsantrasyonlardaki Zn (5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 mg L^-1),
Cd (0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 mg L^-1) ve Pb (0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64,
128, 256 mg L^-1) metallerinin marul (Lactuca sativa L.) bitkisinin tohum çimlenmesi, kök ve gövde
uzaması ve bitki biyokütlesi üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Sonuçta Zn ve Cd
uygulamaları tohum çimlenmesini azaltmıştır. Pb uygulaması ise düşük
konsantrasyonlarda çimlenmeyi arttırırken yüksek konsantrasyonlarda tohum
çimlenmesinde inhibisyona sebep olmuştur. Her üç metal maruziyetinde kök ve
gövde uzamasında inhibisyonun olduğu ve kök inhibisyonunun gövdeye göre daha
duyarlı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bitki kuru kütlelerinde kontrole kıyasla büyük
bir değişiklik gözlenmezken, yaş biyokütlelerde özellikle Zn maruziyetinde
önemli azalmalar saptanmıştır.

Keywords

Ağır metal, Kök uzaması, Çimlenme, Marul, Toksisite

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