BURSA İLİ’NDEN TOPLANAN YUMURTA ÖRNEKLERİNDE AĞIR METAL İÇERİĞİNİN BELİRLENMESİ VE RİSK DEĞERLENDİRMESİ

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 2, 1003 - 1014, 31.08.2020

Aşkin Birgül

Öz

Bu çalışma, Bursa ilinden toplanan ve “organik yumurta ve/veya köy yumurtası” olarak satışa sunulan yumurta örneklerinde ağır metal konsantrasyon seviyelerinin belirlenmesi ve risk değerlendirmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yumurta örnekleri 7 farklı örnekleme noktasından toplanmıştır. Yumurtaların ak ve sarılarında ayrı ayrı Cd, Hg, Pb, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn ve As metallerine bakılmıştır. Analizler indüktif eşleşmiş plazma kütle spektrometre (ICP-MS) cihazı kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Toplanan yumurta örneklerinde tespit edilen ağır metallerin ortalama konsantrasyon seviyeleri ağır metalin türüne bağlı olarak yumurta sarısında 0,0012 ile 0,390 μg/g arasında, yumurta beyazında ise 0,00123 ile 193 μg/g arasında değiştiği tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan risk karakterizasyonu işlemi neticesinde toplanan yumurta örneklerinin THQ değerlerinin yumurtanın sarı kısmı için 1,1x10-3 ile 0,637 arasında, yumurtanın beyaz kısmı için          1,91x10-4 ile 0,01438 arasında değişim gösterdiği ve herhangi bir risk oluşturmadığı tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bursa, Yumurta, Ağır Metal, Konsantrasyon, Risk Karakterizasyonu

Destekleyen Kurum

Bursa Teknik Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri (BAP)

Proje Numarası

2016-01-017

Determination of Heavy Metal Content in Egg Samples Collected from Bursa Province and Risk Assessment

Öz

This study was carried out with the aim of determining the levels of heavy metal concentration in egg samples collected from Bursa province and presented as "organic eggs and/or village eggs" for exposure and risk assessment. Egg samples were collected from 7 different sampling points. The contents of Cd, Hg, Pb, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and As in the yolk and albumen part of the eggs were examined separately. Analyzes were performed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The mean concentrations of heavy metals detected in collected egg samples were found to vary between 0.0012 and 0.390 μg/g in egg yolks and between 0.00123 and 193 μg/g in albumen depending on the weight of heavy metals. Risk characterization process showed that the THQ values of collected egg samples vary between 1.1x10-3 and 0.637 for the yolk and vary between 1.91 x10-4 and 0.01438 for the albumen part of the eggs and do not pose any risk.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bursa, Egg, Heavy Metal, Concentration, Risk Characterization

Proje Numarası

2016-01-017

Kaynakça

• 1. Alkhalaf, N.A., Osman, A.K., Salama, K.A. (2010). Monitoring of Aflatoxins and Heavy Metals in Some Poultry Feeds, African Journal of Food Science, 4: 192-199.
• 2. ATSDR. (2004). Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA,. Retrieved from: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles.
• 3. ATSDR. (2007). Toxicological profile for lead. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Retrieved from: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov.
• 4. Banerjee, D., Kuila, P., Ganguli, A., Das, D., Mukherjee, S., Ray, L. (2011). Heavy Metal Contamination in Vegetables Collected from Market Sites of Kolkata, India, EJEAFChe, 10(4), 2160-2165.
• 5. Baykov, B.D., Stoyanov, M.P., Gugova, M.L. (1996). Cadmium and lead bioaccumulation in male chickens for high food concentrations, Toxicol. Environ. Chem., 54: 155-159.
• 6. Buttriss, J., Hughes, J. (2000). An update on copper: Contribution of MAFF-funded research, Nutr. Bull., 25, 271-280.
• 7. Carl, M. (1991). Heavy metals and other trace elements. Monograph on residues and contamin ants in milk and milk products, Special Issue 9101, International Dairy Federation "IDF", Belgium, 112-119.
• 8. Chien, L.C., Hung, T.C., Choang, K.Y., Choang, K.Y., Yeh, C.Y., Meng, P.J. (2002). Daily intake of TBT, Cu, Zn, Cd and As for fishermen in Taiwan, Sci. Total Environ., 285, 177-185.
• 9. Cunningham, W.P., Saigo, B.W. (1997). Environmental Science a Global Concern, 4th Edn., WMC Brown Publisher, New York, 389.
• 10. D’Mello, J.P.F. (2003). Food Safety: Contaminants and Toxins, CABI publishing, Wallingford, Oxon, UK, Cambridge, MA. 480.
• 11. Demirezen, D., Uruç, K. (2006). Comparative study of trace elements in certain fish, meat and meat products, Meat. Sci., 74, 255-260.
• 12. Demirulus, H. (2013). The heavy metal content in chicken eggs consumed in Van Lake territory, Ekoloji, 22, 86, 19-25.
• 13. Gochfeld, M. (1997). Factors affecting susceptibility to metals, Environ. Health Perspect., 105, 817-822.
• 14. Gossel, T.A., Bricker, J.D. (1990). Principles of Clinical Toxicology, 2nd Ed., Raven Press Ltd. New York.
• 15. Goyer, R.A. (1997). Toxic and essential metal interactions, Annu. Rev. Nutr., 17: 37- 50.
• 16. Gupta, U.C., Gupta, S.C. (1998). Trace elements toxicity relationships to crop production and livestock and human health: Implication for management, Common Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 29, 1491-1522.
• 17. Güven, A., Kahvecioğlu, Ö., Kartal G., Timur, S. (2009). Metallerin Çevresel Etkileri-III, http://www.metalurji.org.tr/dergi/dergi138/d138_6471.pdf.
• 18. Heyneman, C. A. (1996). Zinc deficiency and taste disorders, Annal. Pharmacotherapy, 30, 186-187.
• 19. Hostynek, J.J., Hinz, R.S., Lorence, C.R., Price, M., Guy, R.H. (1993). Metals and the skin, Crit. Rev. Toxicol., 23, 171–235.
• 20. Janet, C.K., Carl, L.K. (1994). Zinc. In: Maurice, E.S.; A.O. James; S.L. Moshes and Febiger, (Eds.), Modern nutrition in Health and Disease, 8th Edn., Part I: 227-228.
• 21. Jarup, L. (2003). Hazards of Heavy Metal Contamination, British Med. Bull., 68, 167 – 182.
• 22. John, H.H., Jeanne, I.R. (1994). Food Additives, Contaminants and Natural Toxins. In: Maurice E.S.; A.O. James; S.L. Moshe and Febiger, (Eds.), Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 8th Edn., Part II, 1597-1598.
• 23. Kahvecioğlu, Ö., Kartal, G., Güven, A., Timur, S. (2009). Metallerin Çevresel Etkileri-I, Metalurji, 136.Sayı, http://www.metalurji.org.tr/dergi/dergi136/d136_4753.pdf.
• 24. Leggli, C.V.S., Bohrer, D, Nascimento, P.C., Carvalho, L.M., Garcia, S.C. (2010). Determination of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc and iron in emulsified egg samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry, Talanta, 80, 1282-1286.
• 25. Liu, X., Song, Q., Tang, Y., Li, W., Xu, J., Wu, J., Wang, F., and Brookes, P.C., (2013). Human health risk assessment of heavy metals in soil vegetable system: a multi-medium analysis. Science of the Total Environment, 463, pp. 530-540.
• 26. Magkos, F., Arvaniti, F., Zampelas, A. (2003). Putting the safety of organic food in to Perspective, Nutr. Res. Rev., 16 (2), 211-221.
• 27. Nisianakis, P., Giannenas, I.A., Gavriil, G., Kontopidis, A., Kyriazakis, I. (2009). Variation in trace element contents among chicken, turkey, duck, goose, and pigeon eggs analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP- MS), Biological Trace Element Research, 128(1), 62-71.
• 28. Prasad, A.S. (1995). Zinc: an overview, Nutrition, 11, 93-99.
• 29. Reddy, A.T.V., Yellamma, K. (1996). Cadmium chloride induced alteration in the detoxification enzymes of rat liver and kidney, Pollut. Res., 15, 371-373.
• 30. Sabir, S.M., Khan, S.W., Hayat, I. (2003). Effect of Environmental Pollution on Quality of Meat in District Bagh, Azad Kashmir, Pak. J. Nutr., 2(2), 98-101.
• 31. Sathawara, N.G., Parikh, D.J., Agarwal, Y.K. (2004). Essential Heavy Metals in Environmental Samples from Western India, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 73, 264-269.
• 32. Scan. (2003). Scientific Committee on Animal Nutrition: Opinion of the Undesirable Substances in Feed, Retrieved from: http://europa.eu.int/comm/food/fs/sc/scan/out126_bis_en.pdf.
• 33. Şekeroğlu, A. (2002). Serbest Yetiştirme (Free- Range) Sisteminin Beyaz ve Kahverengi Yumurtacı Genotiplerin Yumurta Verim Ve Kalitesine Etkisi, Basılmamış Doktora Tezi. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Zooteknik Anabilim Dalı, Tokat.
• 34. Şekeroğlu, A., Akmaz, Y., (2009). Karayollarından uzaklığın yumurta ağır metal içeriklerine etkisi, Anadolu Tarım Bilim. Dergisi, 24(2), 103-107.
• 35. Şekeroğlu, A., Sarı H., Mendil D., Sarica M. (2007). The Effects of Housing Systems on Some Mineral Contents of Hen’s Eggs, Asian Journal of Chemistry, 19(4), 2939-2944.
• 36. Selinus, O., Alloway, B., Centeno, J.A., Finkelman, R.B., Fuge, R., Lindh, U., Smedley, P. (2005). Essentials of Medical Geology, impacts of the natural environment on public Health, 144, 890-891.
• 37. Sharkawy, A.A., Ahmed, E.K.H. (2002). Determination of lead, cadmium, mercury and copper concentrations in hen’s eggs at Assiut Governorate, Assiut Veterinary Medicine Journal, 48(95), 45-59.
• 38. Solomons, N.W. (1998). Mild human zinc deficiency produces an imbalance between cell-mediated and humoral immunity, Nutr. Rev., 56, 27-28.
• 39. Soylak, M., Çolak, H., Turkoglu, O., Dogan, M. (2006). Trace Metal Content of Snacks and Appetizers Consumed in Turkey, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 76, 436-44.
• 40. Soylak, M., Tüzen, M. (2006). Diaion SP-850 resin as a new solid phase extractor for preconcentration-separation of trace metal ions in environmental samples, J. Hazard. Mater., 137, 1496-1501.
• 41. Tosun, H., Kaya, S.B. (2010). Organik gıdalarda gıda güvenliği. Gıda Tekn. Elekt. Dergisi, 5(2), 48-58.
• 42. USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency). (2014). USEPA Regional Screening Level (RSL) Summary Table: November 2011, Available at: http://www.epa.gov/regshwmd/risk/human/Index.htm.
• 43. USEPA. (1999). Human health and ecological risk. Assessment support to the development of technical standards for emissions from combustion units burning hazardous wastes background document, EPA/ 68-W6-0053; Washington (DC).
• 44. USEPA. (2018). Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris2/atoz.cfm.
• 45. Wang. X., Sato, T., Xing, B., Tao, S. (2005). Health risk of heavy metals to the general public in Tianjin, China via consumption of vegetables and fish, Sci. Total Environ., 350, 28-37.