Dara Savaşı (MS 530): Metinler Ve Çıkarımlar

Year 2024, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 538 - 564, 30.03.2024

Süha Konuk

https://doi.org/10.24186/vakanuvis.1399125

Abstract

Roma ve Sâsâniler arasında 530 yılında Anastasiopolis (Dara) kenti önlerinde yapılan savaş ve akabinde yaşanan diğer gelişmeler VI. yüzyıl başlarından itibaren aralıklarla devam eden Roma-Sâsâni çatışmalarının yakın gelecekti seyrine derinden etki etmiştir. Savaşa dair birkaç metin günümüze ulaşmış olup, bunların içinde General Belisarius’un danışmanı ve aynı zamanda savaşın görgü şahidi de olan Procopius’un ayrıntılı metni özel bir yer tutmaktadır. Savaşın tüm aşamalarını kaydeden müellifin kentin güneyinde yapıldığını işaret ettiği çatışmaların tam konumuna dair pek çok araştırmacı görüş sunmuştur. Bu çalışmada Procopius’un ve savaşa dair bilgi aktaran çağdaş iki müellifin metinlerinin tercümesi, yorumlanması ve savaşın yapıldığı konumun lokalizasyonuna dair bir teklif yer alacaktır.

Keywords

Dara, Anastasiopolis, Dara Savaşı, Roma ve Sâsâniler

The Battle of Dara (530 CE): Texts and Inferences

Abstract

The battle between Rome and the Sasanians near the city of Anastasiopolis (Dara) in 530, along with subsequent events, exerted a significant influence on the trajectory of Roman-Sasanian conflicts, which persisted intermittently from the early 6th century onward. Among the surviving texts recounting the battle, the detailed narrative written by Procopius, an advisor to General Belisarius and an eyewitness of the battle, holds prominence. Narrating every stage of the engagement, Procopius specifies that the battle took place to the south of the city, prompting scholars to propose various arguments regarding its exact location. This study aims to present a Turkish translation and analysis of Procopius's account, alongside those of two contemporary authors offering insights into the battle, culminating in a proposed localization of the battleground.

Keywords

Dara, Anastasiopolis, Battle of Dara, Rome and Sasanians.

References

• Adontz, Nikoghayos, & Garsoian, Nina, Armenia in the Period of Justinian, Lisbon 1970.
• Ahunbay, Metin, “Dara-Anastasiopolis”, XII. Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı, Ankara 1990, C. I, s. 391-397.
• Ahunbay, Metin, “Dara-Anastasiopolis 1990 Yılı Kazıları”, XIII. Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı, Ankara 1991, C. I, s. 197-203.
• Börm, Henning, Prokop und die Perser: Untersuchungen zu den römisch-sasanidischen Kontakten in der ausgehenden Spätantike, Stuttgart 2007.
• Cameron, Averil, Procopius and the sixth century, Berkeley & California 1985.
• Croke, Brian & Crow, James, “Procopius and Dara”, The Journal of Roman Studies, 73, (1983), s. 143-159.
• Crow, James, “Dara: a late Roman Fortress in Mesopotamia”, Yayla, 4, 12-20.
• Daryaee, Touraj, “The Ideal King in the Sasanian World”, Nāme-ye Irān-e Bāstān, The International Journal of Ancient Iranian Studies, Vol. 3, No. 1 (2003) 33-45.
• Daryaee, Touraj, Sasanian Persia: The Rise and Fall of an Empire, London 2009.
• Dennis, George T, Maurice’s Strategicon: Handbook of Byzantine Military Strategy, Philadelphia 1984.
• Farrokh, Kaveh, & Karamian, Gholamreza, & Maksymiuk, Katarzyna, A Synopsis of Sasanian Military Organisation and Combat Units, Siedlce & Tehran 2018.
• Farrokh, Kaveh, The Armies of Ancient Persia: The Sassanians, Barnsley 2017.
• Greatrex, Geoffrey, Rome and Persia at War, Leeds 1998.
• Greatrex, Geoffrey & Lieu, Samuel N. C, The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars, Routledge 2002.
• Greatrex, Geoffrey, Procopius of Caesaria: The Persian Wars, Cambridge 2023.
• Haldon, John, The Byzantine Wars, Glouecestershire 2001.
• Keravica, Nikola, “Bitka kod Dare, jun 530. Godine”, Military History Review, 2 2017.
• Keser-Kayaalp, Elif & Erdoğan, Nihat, “Recent Research on Dara/Anastasiopolis”, New Cities in Late Antiquity, ed. Efthymios Rizos, Brepols 2017, s. 153-175.
• Lee, Doug, A, From Rome to Byzantium AD 363 to 565, Edinburgh 2013.
• Lillington-Martin, Christopher, “Procopius on the Struggle for Dara in 530 and Rome in 537–38: Reconciling Texts And Landscapes”, War and Warfare in Late Antiquity, Leiden, 2013.
• Malalas, The Chronicle of John Malalas, (tr. E. Jeffreys vd.), Melbourne 1986.
• Martindale, J. R, The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, Cambridge 1992.
• Metin, Hüseyin & Durukan, Abdülhadi, “Dara (Anastasiopolis) “Kazı, Restorasyon ve Konservasyon Çalışmaları 2020”, 2019-2020 Yılı Kazı Çalışmaları, Ankara 2022, C.2, s. 429-446.
• Neville, Leonora, Bizans Tarihçileri ve Tarih Yazım Rehberi, İstanbul 2021.
• Nicks, Fiona, Anastasius I: Politics and Empire in the Late Roman World, Chippenham 2006.
• Petitjean, Maxime, Le combat de cavalerie dans le monde romain du Ier siècle a.C. au VIe siècle p.C., (Doktora Tezi), Paris 2017.
• Procopius, Buildings, (tr. H. B. Dewing) Cambridge&Mass 1940.
• Procopius, History of the Wars, (Tr. H. B. Dewing) Cambridge&Mass 1914.
• Ps. Joshua, The Chronicle of Pseudo-Joshua the Stylite, (tr. F. R. Trombley and J. W. Watt), Liverpool 2000.
• Ps. Zachariah, The Chronicle of Pseudo-Zachariah Rhetor, (ed. G. Greatrex, vd.) Liverpool 2011.
• Rubin, Z, “The Reforms of Khusro Anūshirwan,” The Byzantine and Early Islamic Near East, States, Resources and Armies, A. Cameron, ed., Vol. III, Princeton, 1995, s. 227-298.
• Shahbazi, A. Sh, “Army i. Pre-Islamic Iran,” Encyclopædia Iranica, II/5, s. 489-499.
• Strabo, The Geography of Strabo, (Tr. J. R. Sitlington), Cambridge&Mass 1954.
• Sundermann, Werner, “Bidaxs”, Encyclopedia Iranica, IV/3, s. 242-244.
• Whately, Conor, Battles and Generals: Combat, Culture, and Didacticism in Procopius’ Wars, Leiden 2016.
• Whitby, Michael, “Procopius’ Description of Dara (Buildings II.1-3)”, The Defence of the Roman and Byzantine East, Oxford 1986.
• Whitby, Michael, “Justinian and Persia 527-562”, The Encyclopedia of Ancient Battles, Wiley-Blackwell 2017.
• Whitby, Michael, The Wars of Justinian I, Yorkshire 2021.