SARS-CoV-2 Enfeksiyonu (COVID-19) ve Güncel Tedavi Yaklaşımları

Year 2020, Volume: 13 Issue: COVID-19 Özel Sayı, 76 - 84, 29.09.2020

Hatice Yıldız Ali Rıza Babaoğlu

Abstract

Aralık 2019’da Çin’in Wuhan kentinde ortaya çıkan SARS-CoV-2 hastalığı (COVID-19), zaman içerisinde pandemiye dönüşerek dünya üzerinde birçok insanın hayatını kaybetmesine yol açmış ve etkisini sürdürmeye devam etmektedir. Bu pandemi, 2002-2003’teki şiddetli akut solunum sendromu (SARS-CoV) ve 2012’deki Orta Doğu solunum sendromu (MERS-CoV) salgınlarının bilimsel gelişmelerini tetikleyerek, SARS-CoV-2’nin epidemiyolojisi, patogenezi, terapötik ve aşı konusundaki gelişim anlayışımızı hızlandırmaktadır. Hastalığın hızla yayılması ve hastalıkla mücadelede kullanılabilecek etkili spesifik antiviral tedavi ve aşı eksikliği gibi etkenler hastalıkla mücadeleyi zorlaştırmış olup, alternatif destekleyici tedavilerin kullanılmasına yol açmıştır. Şu anda bu salgına karşı çeşitli antiviral ve immünomodülatör ajanlar tüm dünyada in vitro veya klinik olarak çalışmalarını sürdürmektedir. Diğer çeşitli hastalıkları hedef alan bazı antiviral ajanlar SARS-CoV-2 enfeksiyonunun klinik ilerlemesi, virusun konak hücreye tutunması veya replikasyonuna yönelik başarılı sonuçlar vermektedir. Koenfeksiyon bulgusu gösteren hastalarda antibiyotik uygulaması enfeksiyonun kontrol altına alınabilmesinde yardımcı olmaktadır. Teicoplanin ve türevlerinin COVID-19 tedavisinde potansiyel inhibitörler olabileceği bildirilmektedir. Coronavirusun zarf yüzeyinde bulunan spike proteini (S) ile konak hücre anjiyotensin dönüştürücü enzim 2 reseptörlerinin bağlanmasının engellenmesi amacıyla monoklonal antikorlar da kullanılmaktadır. Ayrıca, kortikosteroidler ve bitkisel ajanlar COVID-19’da alternatif destekleyici tedavi yöntemleri olarak da uygulanmaktadır. Bu derleme, SARS-CoV-2 enfeksiyonunun etkeni, bulaşması, patogenezi, klinik bulguları, tanısı, kontrolü ve enfeksiyona karşı güncel tedavi yaklaşımları hakkında kapsamlı bir özet sunumu öngörmektedir.

Keywords

Antiviral, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Tedavi

SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Current Therapeutic Approaches

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19), emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019, has turned into a pandemic in time which is causing to the losses of many people and continuing its effect. This pandemic has stimulated the scientific development of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV) in 2002-2003 and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV) in 2012 and it has accelerated the development of our understanding of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, therapeutic approaches and vaccination of SARS-CoV-2. It difficult to against for control of disease because the lack of direct specific antiviral drugs and vaccines, and such as rapid spread of disease factors led to the use of alternative supportive therapeutics. Currently, researching on various antiviral and immunomodulating agents are in various stages, continuing in vitro or clinical trial all over the world that can be used against this infection. Some antiviral agents targeting various other diseases are used for SARS-CoV-2 infection, giving successful results about attachment of the virus to the host cell, or replication. Application of antibiotics helps to control the infection in patients with coinfection cases. Teicoplanin and its derivatives are reported to be potential inhibitors of COVID-19. Monoclonal antibodies are used to inhibition the binding of host cell angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptors with the spike protein (S) on the coronaviruses. In addition, corticosteroids and herbal medications are applied as optional supportive therapeutic approache for COVID-19. This review provides a comprehensive summary presentation on the agent, transmission, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, control, and current therapeutic approaches of the SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Keywords

Antiviral, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Therapeutic

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