Evaluation of the Effect of Light Application Techniques On Bracket-Composite Bond Strength

Year 2024, Volume: 17 Issue: 2, 89 - 96, 30.08.2024

Kader Tatar , Saadet Çınarsoy Ciğerim , Hüseyin Melik Böyük , Gönül Dinç , Jamil Bayzed

https://doi.org/10.52976/vansaglik.1431605

Abstract

Objective: The fixed orthodontic treatment approach relies on transmitting the desired forces to the teeth through brackets attached to them. The ability of orthodontic brackets to resist forces without detachment is crucial for achieving successful outcomes. The composites used in bonding brackets to teeth exhibit polymerization-related shrinkage and stress formation, adversely affecting bond strength. Our study aims to assess the effect of different application techniques of polymerization light sources on the bond strength between brackets and composites.
Materials and Methods: For this study, premolar metal orthodontic brackets were embedded in acrylic blocks with the base portion positioned 1mm above. A 3mm high layer of an adhesive composite was applied to the bracket base surface. Polymerization was carried out using the LED light source with three available light application modes: P1 normal mode (continuous and constant light emission), P4 pulse mode (light applied intermittently at specific intervals), and P5 ramp mode (starts with low light intensity and gradually increases over time), applied for 20 seconds. Thus, a total of 45 samples were prepared, with 15 samples for each of the three light application modes. All groups were incubated in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours. The values at the moment of rupture of the samples placed in the testing device were recorded to measure shear bond strength. The surfaces of the detached brackets were examined under a microscope, and the remaining composite amounts were scored according to the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI).
Results: Statistical significance was observed in shear bond strength values among P1, P4, and P5 light application modes (p=0.011; p<0.05). The values for P4 light mode were not statistically significant compared to P1 light mode (p=0.542; p>0.05). The P5 ramp mode showed a higher bond strength value than the other two groups. In all three groups, more than 50% of the composite remained on the bracket surface, as examined by the Adhesive Remnant Index.
Conclusion: The P5 ramp mode, with gradually increasing light intensity in the polymerization technique, provides a better connection between brackets and composites, preventing common bracket detachment in clinically fixed orthodontic treatments and ensuring more successful and sustainable outcomes.

Keywords

Orthodontic Bracket, Composite Resin, Polymerization Shrinkage

Işık Uygulama Tekniklerinin Braket-Kompozit Bağlanma Dayanımına Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Amaç: Sabit ortodontik tedavi yaklaşımı, dişlere yapıştırılan braketler aracılığıyla tedavi için istenen kuvvetlerin dişlere iletilmesi esasına dayanır. Ortodontik braketlerin tedavi süresince maruz kalacağı kuvvetlere karşı kopmadan direnç göstermesi başarılı sonuçlar elde etmek açısından önemlidir. Braketlerin dişlere yapıştırılmasında kullanılan kompozitlerin polimerizasyona bağlı büzülme ve stres oluşumu bağlanma dayanımını olumsuz etkilemektedir. Çalışmamız, polimerizasyon ışık kaynağının farklı uygulama tekniklerini kullanarak braket ile kompozit arasındaki bağlanma dayanımına etkisini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Materyal ve Metot: Çalışma için premolar metal ortodontik braketler (Leone 0, 0018’slot, İtalya) taban kısmı 1mm yukarıda kalacak şekilde akrilik bloklara gömülmüştür. Braket taban yüzeyine 3mm yükseklikte Transbond XT (3M Unitek Monrovia, CA, ABD) yapıştırıcı kompozit yerleştirilmiştir. Polimerizasyon için LED (Eighteeth CuringPen-E) ışık kaynağının mevcut üç ışık uygulama modu; P1 normal mod (sürekli ve sabit bir ışık yayma durumu), P4 pulse mod (ışık, belirli aralıklarla kesintili uygulanır) ve P5 ramp modu (düşük bir ışık şiddetiyle başlar ve zamanla bu şiddeti artar) seçilerek 20 saniye boyunca ışık uygulanmıştır. Böylece bu üç ışık uygulama modunda 15’er örnek olmak üzere toplamda 45 örnek hazırlanmıştır. Tüm gruplar 24 saat 37°C’de distile suda etüvde bekletilmiştir. Kesme bağlanım kuvvetlerini ölçmek için test cihazına (Bisco, Inc. Schaumburg, A.B.D) yerleştirilen örneklerin kopma anındaki değerleri kaydedilmiştir. Kopan braketlerin yüzeyi bir mikroskop (Mitutoyo, Japonya) altında incelenerek Artık Adeziv İndeksine (AAİ) göre kalan kompozit miktarları skorlanmıştır.
Bulgular: P1, P4 ve P5 ışık uygulama modlarında kesme bağlanma kuvvetleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık saptanmıştır (p=0,011; p<0,05). P1 ışık moduna göre P4 ışık modu değerleri istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmamıştır (p=0,542; p>0,05). P5 ramp modu diğer iki gruptan daha yüksek bağlanma değeri göstermiştir. Adeziv Artık İndeksine göre incelen braket yüzeylerinde her üç grupta da kompozitin %50 sinden fazlası braket yüzeyinde kalmıştır.
Sonuç: P5 ramp modu ışık şiddetinin giderek arttığı polimerizasyon tekniğinde braket-kompozit arasında daha iyi bir bağlantı sağlanması ile klinik olarak sabit ortodontik tedavilerde sık karşılaşılan braketlerin kopmasının önüne geçilerek daha başarılı tedaviler sürdürülebilir.

Keywords

Ortodontik Braket, Kompozit Rezin, Polimerizasyon Büzülmesi

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