Research Article
Immunohistochemistry and PCR methods for the Diagnosis of BVDV in Cattle with Pneumonia in Erzurum Region
Abstract
This study was aimed to present Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV)in bovine pneumonias with PCR and immunohistochemistry in Erzurum region, also aimed to determine what is the prevalence of agent in sampling term (01 December 2015-15 February 2016). For this purpose 600 bovine lungs were investigated in slaughterhouses that operated in Erzurum and surrounding counties. Due to evaluation of 72 (12%) lungs with pneumonia diagnosed macroscopically, the intersititial pneumonia n=43, suppurative bronchopneumonia n=23, and fibrinous pneumonia n=3 were classified according to histopathological findings. Immunpositivities of BVDV antigens were observed in 4 out of 72 (5.5%) samples. Same positive samples were confirmed with pestivirus genus specific primers to differentiate cross binding and dyeing in immunohistochemical procedures. Immunopositivity of the samples were located in bronchial ephitelium, peribronchial, peribronchioler, inflammatory cells in intersitital areas; intima layer of arterioles; lymphoid cells in BALT. As a result we found that BVDV is found in 5.5% of the mature cattle pneumonia cases in Erzurum Region an it is an aetiological agent in natural cases of pneumonia in our sampling time.
References
- Baker JC (1985). The clinical manifestations of bovine viral diarrhea infection, Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract, 11, 425-445. Baker JC (1987). Bovine viral diarrhea virus. A rewiev, J Am Vet Med Assoc, 190 (11), 1449-1458. Brownlie J (1991). The pathways for bovine virus biotypes in the pathogenesis of disease. Arch Virol, 3, 9-96. Çabalar M, Karaoğlu T (1999). Sığırlarda bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) virüs enfeksiyonuna karşı antikor varlığının araştırılmasında nötralizasyon peroksidaz(NPLA) ve serum nötralizasyon (SN) testlerinin karşılaştırılması, Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 46, 249-255. Ellis JA, West KH, Cortese VS et al (1998).Lesions and distribution of viral antigen following an experimental infection of young seronegative calves with virulent Bovine Virus Diarrhea Virus-Type II, Can J Vet Res, 62, 161-169. Fernandez A, Hewicker M, Trautwein G, Pohlenz J, Liess B (1989). Viral antigendistribution in the central nervous system of cattle persistently infected with Bovine virus diarrhea virüs, Vet Pathol, 26, 26-32. Fulton RW, Saliki JT, Confer AW et al (2000). Bovine viral diarrhea virus cytopathic and noncytopathic biotypes and type 1 and 2 genotypes in diagnostic laboratory accessions: clinical and necropsy samples from cattle,J Vet Diagn Invest, 12, 33-38. Gagea MI, Bateman KG, Dreumel T et al (2006).Caswell Diseases and pathogens associated with mortality inOntario beef feedlots, J Vet Diagn Invest, 18, 18-28. Gillespie JH, Sclafer DH, Foote RH et al (1990).Comparison of persistence of seven bovine viruses on bovine embriyos following in vitro exposure, Dtsch Tierarztl Wschr, 97 (2), 65-68. Givens MD (2006). A clinical, evidence-based approach to infectious causes of infertility in beef cattle, Theriogenology, 66, 648-654. Hilbe M, Stalder H, Peterhans E et al (2007). Comparison of five diagnostic methods fordetecting bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in calves. J Vet Diagn Invest, 19, 28-34. Houe H (1999). Epidemiological features and economical importance of bovine viraldiarrhoea virus (BVDV) infections. Vet Microbiol, 64, 89-107. Hyera JMK, Liess B, Frey HR (1987). A direct neutralising peroxidase linkedantibody assay for detection and titration of antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea virüs, J Vet Med, 34, 227-229. Kahrs RF (2001). Viral Diseases of Cattle. Second edition Blackwell Publishing, 120-121. Kul O, Kabakci N, Ozkul A, Kalender H, Atmaca HT (2008).Concurrent peste des petits ruminants virus and pestivirus infection in stillborn twin lambs. Vet Pathol, 45,191-196. Lopez A (2007). Respiratory Systems. Editors: McGavin, Zachary JF, Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease, 4. Edition, Mosby Elsevier, 505-517. McGoldrick A, Bensaude E, Ibata G, Sharp G, Paton D J (1999). Closed onetubereverse transcription nested polymerase chain reaction for the detection of pestiviral RNA with fluorescent probes. J Virol Methods, 79, 85-95. Mogar R, Minoncha HC, Montpetit C, Carman PS, Lecomte J (1998). Typing ofcythopathic and noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus reference and Canadian field,strains using a neutralising monoclonal antibody, Can J Vet Res, 52, 42-45. Nettleton PF (1990). Pestivirus infections in ruminants other than cattle, RevueScientifique et Technique de OIE, 9, 131. Odeón AC, Kelling CL, Marshall DJ, Estela ES, Dubovi EJ, Donis RO (1999).Experimental infection of calves with bovine viral diarrhea virus genotype II (NY-93),J Vet Diagn Invest, 11, 221-228. Oguzoglu TC, Tan MT, Toplu N et al (2009). Border disease virus (BDV) infections of small ruminants in Turkey: a new BDV subgroup? Vet Microbiol, 135, 374-379. Oğuzoğlu TÇ, Muz D, Yılmaz V, Timurkan MÖ, Alkan F, Akça Y, Burgu I (2012). Molecular characteristics of bovine virus diarrhoea virus 1 isolates from Turkey: approaches for an eradication programme.Transbound Emerg Dis, 59, 303-310. Potgieter LND, McCracken MD, Hopkins FM, Walker RD, Guy JS (1984). Experimental production of bovine respiratory tract disease with bovine viral diarrhea virus. Am J Vet Res, 45, 1582-1585. Reggiardo C, Kaeberle ML (1981). Detection of bacteremia incattle inoculated with bovine viral diarrhea virus, Am J Vet Res, 42, 218-221. Ridpath JF, Bolin SR (1998). Differentiation of types 1a, 1b and 2 bovine viral diarrhoeavirus (BVDV) by PCR,Mol Cell Probes,12, 101-106 Sandvik T (2005). Selection and use of laboratory diagnostic assays in BVD control programmes, Prev Vet Med, 72, 3-16. Shahriar FM, Clark EG, Janzen E, West K, Wobeser G (2002). Coinfection with bovine viral diarrhea virüs and Mycoplasma bovis in feedlot cattle with chronic pneumonia,Can Vet J,43, 463-468. Stott EJ, Thomas LH, Collins AP et al (1980). A survey of virus infections of the respiratory tract of cattle and their association with disease, J Hyg,85, 257-270. Tan MT, Karaoğlu T, Erol N, Yıldırım Y (2006). Serological and virologicalinvestigations of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) infection in dairy cattle herds in Aydın province, Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 30, 299-304. Toplu N, Oguzoglu TÇ, Epikmen ET, Aydogan A (2011). Neuropathologic study of border disease virus in naturally infected fetal and neonatal small ruminants and its association with apoptosis. Vet Pathol, 48, 576-583. Toplu N, Oğuzoğlu TÇ, Albayrak H (2012). Dual infection of foetal and neonatal small ruminants with border disease virus and peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV): neuronal tropism of PPRV as a novel finding. J Comp Pathol, 116, 289–296. Vilček S, Herring AJ, Herring JA, Nettleton PF, Lowings JP, Paton DJ (1994).Pestiviruses isolated from pigs, cattle and sheep can be allocated into at least three genogroups using polymerase chain reaction and restriction endonuclease analysis, Arch Virology, 136(3-4), 309-323. Wilhelmsen CL, Bolin SR, Ridpath JF et al (1990). Experimental primary postnatal bovine viral diarrhea viral infections in six-month-old calves, Vet Pathol, 27, 235-243. Wilhelmsen CL, Bolin SR, Ridpath JF, Cheville FN, Kluge JP (1991). Lesions and localization of viral antigen in tissues of cattle with experimentallyinduced or naturally acquired mucosal disease, or with naturally acquired chronic bovine viral diarrhea, Am J Vet Res, 52, 269-275. Yazıcı Z, Okur Gümüşova S, Albayrak H (2007). Serological profile of some viral infections in unvaccinated cattle in Turkey, Medycyna Wet, 63 (2), 187-189. Yeşilbağ K, Förster C, Özyiğit MÖ et al (2014). Characterisation of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) isolates from an outbreak with haemorrhagic enteritis and severe pneumonia,Vet Microbiol, 169, 42-49. Yıldırım Y, Burgu İ (2005). Kuzeydoğu Anadolu bölgesindeki sığırlarda mavi dil (BT), IBR, PI-3, EBL ve BVD enfeksiyonlarının seroprevalansı, Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 52, 113-117.
Year 2016,
Volume: 27 Issue: 2, 85 - 89, 20.08.2016
Abstract
Bu çalışmada Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus(BVD)’nin Erzurum yöresi sığır pnömonilerindeki varlığının immunohistokimyasal yöntemle teşhisi ve PCR ile konfirmasyonu ayrıca örneklenen dönem içerisinde ne oranda bulunduğunun tespiti amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla ilgili dönem içerisinde (01 Aralık 2015 – 15 Şubat 2016) Erzurum ve çevre ilçelerine hizmet veren bir mezbahada kesime alınan 600 sığır akciğer örneği incelendi. Makroskobik olarak pnömoni bulgusu gösteren 72 (%12) örneğin histopatolojik incelemesinde farklı türlerde pnömoni oldukları (43=intersitisyel pnömoni, 23=suppuratif bronkopnömoni, 3= fibrinöz bronkopnömoni) belirlendi. BVD yönünden immunohistokimyasal yöntemle tespiti yapılan 72 pnömoni örneğinden 4 (%5.5)’ ünde immunpozitiflikler görüldü. Aynı pozitiflikler çapraz bağlanma ve boyanmaları ayırt etmek amacıyla pestivirusgenus spesifik primerler kullanılarak PCR ile de doğrulandı. Bu dokulardaki İmmunpozitifliklere bronş epitel hücrelerinde, peribronşial, peribronşioler, intersitisyel alanlardaki yangısal hücrelerde, arteriollerin intima tabakasında, BALT’taki lenfoid hücrelerde rastlandı. Sonuç olarak; BVD’ nin ilgili dönem içerisinde Erzurum yöresinde erişkin sığır pnömonilerinde %5.5 oranında bulunduğu ve doğal pnömoni olgularında rol oynayan etiyolojik ajanlardan birisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
References
- Baker JC (1985). The clinical manifestations of bovine viral diarrhea infection, Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract, 11, 425-445. Baker JC (1987). Bovine viral diarrhea virus. A rewiev, J Am Vet Med Assoc, 190 (11), 1449-1458. Brownlie J (1991). The pathways for bovine virus biotypes in the pathogenesis of disease. Arch Virol, 3, 9-96. Çabalar M, Karaoğlu T (1999). Sığırlarda bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) virüs enfeksiyonuna karşı antikor varlığının araştırılmasında nötralizasyon peroksidaz(NPLA) ve serum nötralizasyon (SN) testlerinin karşılaştırılması, Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 46, 249-255. Ellis JA, West KH, Cortese VS et al (1998).Lesions and distribution of viral antigen following an experimental infection of young seronegative calves with virulent Bovine Virus Diarrhea Virus-Type II, Can J Vet Res, 62, 161-169. Fernandez A, Hewicker M, Trautwein G, Pohlenz J, Liess B (1989). Viral antigendistribution in the central nervous system of cattle persistently infected with Bovine virus diarrhea virüs, Vet Pathol, 26, 26-32. Fulton RW, Saliki JT, Confer AW et al (2000). Bovine viral diarrhea virus cytopathic and noncytopathic biotypes and type 1 and 2 genotypes in diagnostic laboratory accessions: clinical and necropsy samples from cattle,J Vet Diagn Invest, 12, 33-38. Gagea MI, Bateman KG, Dreumel T et al (2006).Caswell Diseases and pathogens associated with mortality inOntario beef feedlots, J Vet Diagn Invest, 18, 18-28. Gillespie JH, Sclafer DH, Foote RH et al (1990).Comparison of persistence of seven bovine viruses on bovine embriyos following in vitro exposure, Dtsch Tierarztl Wschr, 97 (2), 65-68. Givens MD (2006). A clinical, evidence-based approach to infectious causes of infertility in beef cattle, Theriogenology, 66, 648-654. Hilbe M, Stalder H, Peterhans E et al (2007). Comparison of five diagnostic methods fordetecting bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in calves. J Vet Diagn Invest, 19, 28-34. Houe H (1999). Epidemiological features and economical importance of bovine viraldiarrhoea virus (BVDV) infections. Vet Microbiol, 64, 89-107. Hyera JMK, Liess B, Frey HR (1987). A direct neutralising peroxidase linkedantibody assay for detection and titration of antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea virüs, J Vet Med, 34, 227-229. Kahrs RF (2001). Viral Diseases of Cattle. Second edition Blackwell Publishing, 120-121. Kul O, Kabakci N, Ozkul A, Kalender H, Atmaca HT (2008).Concurrent peste des petits ruminants virus and pestivirus infection in stillborn twin lambs. Vet Pathol, 45,191-196. Lopez A (2007). Respiratory Systems. Editors: McGavin, Zachary JF, Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease, 4. Edition, Mosby Elsevier, 505-517. McGoldrick A, Bensaude E, Ibata G, Sharp G, Paton D J (1999). Closed onetubereverse transcription nested polymerase chain reaction for the detection of pestiviral RNA with fluorescent probes. J Virol Methods, 79, 85-95. Mogar R, Minoncha HC, Montpetit C, Carman PS, Lecomte J (1998). Typing ofcythopathic and noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus reference and Canadian field,strains using a neutralising monoclonal antibody, Can J Vet Res, 52, 42-45. Nettleton PF (1990). Pestivirus infections in ruminants other than cattle, RevueScientifique et Technique de OIE, 9, 131. Odeón AC, Kelling CL, Marshall DJ, Estela ES, Dubovi EJ, Donis RO (1999).Experimental infection of calves with bovine viral diarrhea virus genotype II (NY-93),J Vet Diagn Invest, 11, 221-228. Oguzoglu TC, Tan MT, Toplu N et al (2009). Border disease virus (BDV) infections of small ruminants in Turkey: a new BDV subgroup? Vet Microbiol, 135, 374-379. Oğuzoğlu TÇ, Muz D, Yılmaz V, Timurkan MÖ, Alkan F, Akça Y, Burgu I (2012). Molecular characteristics of bovine virus diarrhoea virus 1 isolates from Turkey: approaches for an eradication programme.Transbound Emerg Dis, 59, 303-310. Potgieter LND, McCracken MD, Hopkins FM, Walker RD, Guy JS (1984). Experimental production of bovine respiratory tract disease with bovine viral diarrhea virus. Am J Vet Res, 45, 1582-1585. Reggiardo C, Kaeberle ML (1981). Detection of bacteremia incattle inoculated with bovine viral diarrhea virus, Am J Vet Res, 42, 218-221. Ridpath JF, Bolin SR (1998). Differentiation of types 1a, 1b and 2 bovine viral diarrhoeavirus (BVDV) by PCR,Mol Cell Probes,12, 101-106 Sandvik T (2005). Selection and use of laboratory diagnostic assays in BVD control programmes, Prev Vet Med, 72, 3-16. Shahriar FM, Clark EG, Janzen E, West K, Wobeser G (2002). Coinfection with bovine viral diarrhea virüs and Mycoplasma bovis in feedlot cattle with chronic pneumonia,Can Vet J,43, 463-468. Stott EJ, Thomas LH, Collins AP et al (1980). A survey of virus infections of the respiratory tract of cattle and their association with disease, J Hyg,85, 257-270. Tan MT, Karaoğlu T, Erol N, Yıldırım Y (2006). Serological and virologicalinvestigations of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) infection in dairy cattle herds in Aydın province, Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 30, 299-304. Toplu N, Oguzoglu TÇ, Epikmen ET, Aydogan A (2011). Neuropathologic study of border disease virus in naturally infected fetal and neonatal small ruminants and its association with apoptosis. Vet Pathol, 48, 576-583. Toplu N, Oğuzoğlu TÇ, Albayrak H (2012). Dual infection of foetal and neonatal small ruminants with border disease virus and peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV): neuronal tropism of PPRV as a novel finding. J Comp Pathol, 116, 289–296. Vilček S, Herring AJ, Herring JA, Nettleton PF, Lowings JP, Paton DJ (1994).Pestiviruses isolated from pigs, cattle and sheep can be allocated into at least three genogroups using polymerase chain reaction and restriction endonuclease analysis, Arch Virology, 136(3-4), 309-323. Wilhelmsen CL, Bolin SR, Ridpath JF et al (1990). Experimental primary postnatal bovine viral diarrhea viral infections in six-month-old calves, Vet Pathol, 27, 235-243. Wilhelmsen CL, Bolin SR, Ridpath JF, Cheville FN, Kluge JP (1991). Lesions and localization of viral antigen in tissues of cattle with experimentallyinduced or naturally acquired mucosal disease, or with naturally acquired chronic bovine viral diarrhea, Am J Vet Res, 52, 269-275. Yazıcı Z, Okur Gümüşova S, Albayrak H (2007). Serological profile of some viral infections in unvaccinated cattle in Turkey, Medycyna Wet, 63 (2), 187-189. Yeşilbağ K, Förster C, Özyiğit MÖ et al (2014). Characterisation of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) isolates from an outbreak with haemorrhagic enteritis and severe pneumonia,Vet Microbiol, 169, 42-49. Yıldırım Y, Burgu İ (2005). Kuzeydoğu Anadolu bölgesindeki sığırlarda mavi dil (BT), IBR, PI-3, EBL ve BVD enfeksiyonlarının seroprevalansı, Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 52, 113-117.
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Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | August 20, 2016 |
| Submission Date | March 4, 2016 |
| Acceptance Date | April 20, 2016 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2016 Volume: 27 Issue: 2 |
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