Investigation the Effects of Lichen's Total Extract Produced From Usnea Longissima Ach. on Motility of Rat Ileum In Vitro
Abstract
Although, nowadays there are many studies about
their features, the metabolic effects of lichens are not exactly explained.
Especially in the recent years has been increasing more and more the
therapeutic use of lichens along with many studies in the field of alternative
medicine. In this research was aimed that of the extract obtained from Usnea longissima Ach. lichen species
investigate the effect on rat motility in vitro. In this study was used twenty
four piece adult male Sprague Dawley rats. The rats were euthanized by cervical
dislocation method under anesthetized. Ileum was isolated by opening abdomen.
After the dissection of the ileum, muscle strips were placed 20 ml organ bath
that contained Krebs solution. To tissue was applied 1 g tension and incubated
for 1 hour period. At the end of the incubation period, acetylcholine (ACh; 10-7,
10-6, 10-5, 10-4, 10-3 M),
potassium chloride (KCl; 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 mM) and the various doses of Usnea longissima Ach. extract (0.012,
0.12, 1.2, 12, 120 μg/ml) were applied to bath according to the protocol. The
obtained data were evaluated with Turkey test the one-way ANOVA. It was
determined that different doses of Usnea
longissima Ach. were inhibited to smooth muscle contractility of the rats
ileum which was induced by ACh and KCl. It is thought that of the inhibitory
effect to ACh responses of Usnea
longissima Ach. may be through muscarinic mechanism and also of the
inhibitory effect to KCl responses may be through L-type voltage-sensitive
calcium (Ca2+) channels.
References
- Anderson K (1993). Pharmacology of lower urinary tract smooth muscles and penile erectile tissues. Pharmacol Rev, 45, 253-308. Andersson KE, Wein AJ (2004). Pharmacology of the lower urinary tract: basis for current and future treatments of urinary incontinence. Pharmacol Rev, 56, 581-631. Aslan A, Öztürk A (1994). Oltu (Erzurum) yöresine ait liken florası üzerine çalışmalar. Turk J Bot, 18, 103-6. Aslan A, Güllüce M, Öğütçü H (1999). Bazı likenlerin antimikrobiyal aktiviteleri üzerine bir araştırma. Biyoteknoloji (Kükem) Derg, 22, 19-26. Aslan A (2000). Lichens from the regions of Artvin, Erzurum, and Kars (Turkey). Isr J Plant Scı, 48, 143-155. Aslan T, Çelebi F (2014). Usnea longissima ach. liken türünün metanol ekstresinin in vitro sıçan midesinde mide asit sekresyonu üzerine etkisi. Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Fizyoloji Anabilim Dalı. Yüksek Lisans tezi, Erzurum: Atatürk Üniversitesi. Atalay F, Halici MB, Mavi A, Cakir A, Odabasoglu F, Kazaz C, Aslan A, Kufrevioglu OI (2011). Antioxidant phenolics from Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. and Usnea longissima Ach. lichen species. Turk J Chem, 35, 647-61. Bayir Y, Odabasoglu F, Cakir A, Aslan A, Suleyman H, Halici M, Kazaz C (2006). The inhibition of gastric mucosal lesion, oxidative stress and neutrophil-infiltration in rats by the lichen constituent diffractaic acid. Phytomedicine, 13, 584-90. Blasco M, Domeno C, Lopez P, Nerin C (2011). Behaviour of different lichen species as biomonitors of air pollution by PAHs in natural ecosystems. J Environ Monit, 13, 2588-96. Borrelli F, Borbone N, Capasso R, Montesano D, De Marino S, Aviello G, Aprea G, Masone S, Izzo AA (2009). Potent relaxant effect of a Celastrus paniculatus extract in the rat and human ileum. J Ethnopharmacol, 122, 434-38. Boustie J, Grube M (2005). Lichens a promising source of bioactive secondary metabolites. Plant Genetic Resources- Characterization and Utilization, 3, 273-87. Brodo IM, Sharnoff SD, Sharnoff S (2001). Lichens of North America. 23. Baskı 795. Yale University Press, Connecticut, USA. Chopra R, Chopra I, Handa K, Kapur L (1958). Indigenous Drugs of India (2nd Ed) 426, Calcutta, India. Fournet A, Ferreira ME, Arias AR, Ortiz ST, Inchausti A, Yalaff G, Quilhot W, Fernandez E, Hidalgo ME (1997). Activity of compounds isolated from Chilean lichens against experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis. Comp Bıochem Phys C, 116, 51-4. Güner H (1986). Likenlerin biyolojisi ve Ege Bölgesi’nde bulunan bazı liken türleri. EÜ Fen Fak Yayınları, 92. Halici M, Odabasoglu F, Suleyman H, Cakir A, Aslan A, Bayir Y (2005). Effects of water extract of Usnea longissima on antioxidant enzyme activity and mucosal damage caused by indomethacin in rats. Phytomedicine, 12, 656-62. Huneck S (1999). The significance of lichens and their metabolites. Naturwissenschaften, 86, 559-70. Neamati N, Hong H, Mazumder A, Wang S, Sunder S, Nicklaus MC, Milne GW, Proksa B, Pommier Y (1997). Depsides and depsidones as inhibitors of HIV-1 integrase: discovery of novel inhibitors through 3D database searching. J Med Chem, 40, 942-51. Odabasoglu F, Aslan A, Cakir A, Suleyman H, Karagoz Y, Halici M, Bayir Y (2004). Comparison of antioxidant activity and phenolic content of three lichen species. Phytother Res, 18, 938-41. Odabasoglu F, Cakir A, Suleyman H, Aslan A, Bayir Y, Halici M, Kazaz C (2006). Gastroprotective and antioxidant effects of usnic acid on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. J Ethnopharmacol, 103, 59-65. Okuyama E, Umeyama K, Yamazaki M, Kinoshita Y, Yamamoto Y (1995). Usnic acid and diffractaic acid as analgesic and antipyretic components of emtype. Planta Med, 61, 113-5. Rigano D, Formisano C, Senatore F, Piacente S, Pagano E, Capasso R, Borrelli F, Izzo AA (2013). Intestinal antispasmodic effects of Helichrysum italicum (Roth) Don ssp. italicum and chemical identification of the active ingredients. J Ethnopharmacol, 150, 901-6. Sağmanlıgil V, Emre B, Çelebi F (1994). Aç ve tok farelerde medial jejunum, proksimal ve distal ileumda asetilkolinin oluşturduğu kasılmalar ile elde edilen non-kümülatif cevap eğrileri. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 41, 463-75. Tokat Z (2004). Ankara bölgesi likenlerinin antimikrobaiyal aktiviteleri. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Yüksek Lisans tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara. Tutel B (1986). Liken biyolojisi ve faydaları. Marmara Üniversitesi-Eczacılık Dergisi, 2, 185-94. Vartia K (1950). On antibiotic effects of lichens and lichen substances. Ann Med Exp Biol Fenn, 7, 1-82. Verspohl EJ, Fujii H, Homma K, Buchwald-Werner S (2013). Testing of Perilla frutescens extract and Vicenin 2 for their antispasmodic effect. Phytomedicine, 20, 427-31. Vijayakumar C, Viswanathan S, Kannappa Reddy M, Parvathavarthini S, Kundu A, Sukumar E (2000). Anti-inflammatory activity of (+)-usnic acid. Fitoterapia, 71, 564-6. Yamamoto Y, Miura Y, Kinoshita Y, Higuchi M, Yamada Y, Murakami A, Ohigashi H, Koshimizu K (1995). Screening of tissue cultures and thalli of lichens and some of their active constituents for inhibition of tumor promoter-induced Epstein-Barr virus activation. Chem Pharm Bull, 43, 1388-90.
Usnea Longissima Ach. Liken Türünden Elde Edilen Total Ekstraktın İn Vitro Ortamda Rat İleum Motilitesi Üzerine Etkilerinin Araştırılması
Abstract
Günümüzde likenlerin özellikleri ile ilgili birçok çalışma bulunmasına
rağmen metabolik etkileri tam olarak ortaya konulamamıştır. Özellikle son
yıllarda alternatif tıp alanında yapılan birçok çalışmayla beraber likenlerin
terapotik kullanımları gittikçe artmaktadır. Bu araştırmada Usnea longissima Ach. liken türünden
elde edilen ekstraktın in vitro rat ileum motilitesi üzerine etkisinin
araştırılması amaçlandı. Bu çalışmada 24 adet erkek ergin Sprague Dawley cinsi
rat kullanıldı. Ratlar anestezi altında servikal dislokasyon metodu ile ötenazi
edildi. Ratların abdomenleri açılarak ileum izole edildi. İleumun temizliği
yapıldıktan sonra hazırlanan kas şeritleri, içerisinde Krebs solüsyonu bulunan
20 ml’lik organ banyosuna yerleştirildi. Dokuya 1 gram (g) gerim uygulanarak 1
saatlik inkübasyon periyoduna bırakıldı. İnkübasyon periyodu sonunda banyoya
asetilkolin (ACh, 10-7, 10-6, 10-5, 10-4,
10-3 M), potasyum klorür (KCl, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 mM) ve Usnea longissima Ach. ekstraktı çeşitli
dozlarda (0.012, 0.12,1.2, 12, 120 μg/ml) bir protokol çerçevesinde uygulandı.
Elde edilen değerler one way ANOVA’da Tukey testi ile değerlendirildi. Usnea longissima Ach.’nın farklı
dozlarının, ACh ve KCl ile indüklenen in vitro rat ileum düz kas
kontraktilitesini inhibe ettiği belirlendi. Usnea
longissima Ach.’nın ACh cevaplarını baskılayıcı etkisinin muskarinik
mekanizma üzerinden, KCl cevaplarını baskılayıcı etkisinin ise voltaja duyarlı
L tipi kalsiyum (Ca2+) kanalları üzerinden olabileceği düşünülmektedir.
References
- Anderson K (1993). Pharmacology of lower urinary tract smooth muscles and penile erectile tissues. Pharmacol Rev, 45, 253-308. Andersson KE, Wein AJ (2004). Pharmacology of the lower urinary tract: basis for current and future treatments of urinary incontinence. Pharmacol Rev, 56, 581-631. Aslan A, Öztürk A (1994). Oltu (Erzurum) yöresine ait liken florası üzerine çalışmalar. Turk J Bot, 18, 103-6. Aslan A, Güllüce M, Öğütçü H (1999). Bazı likenlerin antimikrobiyal aktiviteleri üzerine bir araştırma. Biyoteknoloji (Kükem) Derg, 22, 19-26. Aslan A (2000). Lichens from the regions of Artvin, Erzurum, and Kars (Turkey). Isr J Plant Scı, 48, 143-155. Aslan T, Çelebi F (2014). Usnea longissima ach. liken türünün metanol ekstresinin in vitro sıçan midesinde mide asit sekresyonu üzerine etkisi. Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Fizyoloji Anabilim Dalı. Yüksek Lisans tezi, Erzurum: Atatürk Üniversitesi. Atalay F, Halici MB, Mavi A, Cakir A, Odabasoglu F, Kazaz C, Aslan A, Kufrevioglu OI (2011). Antioxidant phenolics from Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. and Usnea longissima Ach. lichen species. Turk J Chem, 35, 647-61. Bayir Y, Odabasoglu F, Cakir A, Aslan A, Suleyman H, Halici M, Kazaz C (2006). The inhibition of gastric mucosal lesion, oxidative stress and neutrophil-infiltration in rats by the lichen constituent diffractaic acid. Phytomedicine, 13, 584-90. Blasco M, Domeno C, Lopez P, Nerin C (2011). Behaviour of different lichen species as biomonitors of air pollution by PAHs in natural ecosystems. J Environ Monit, 13, 2588-96. Borrelli F, Borbone N, Capasso R, Montesano D, De Marino S, Aviello G, Aprea G, Masone S, Izzo AA (2009). Potent relaxant effect of a Celastrus paniculatus extract in the rat and human ileum. J Ethnopharmacol, 122, 434-38. Boustie J, Grube M (2005). Lichens a promising source of bioactive secondary metabolites. Plant Genetic Resources- Characterization and Utilization, 3, 273-87. Brodo IM, Sharnoff SD, Sharnoff S (2001). Lichens of North America. 23. Baskı 795. Yale University Press, Connecticut, USA. Chopra R, Chopra I, Handa K, Kapur L (1958). Indigenous Drugs of India (2nd Ed) 426, Calcutta, India. Fournet A, Ferreira ME, Arias AR, Ortiz ST, Inchausti A, Yalaff G, Quilhot W, Fernandez E, Hidalgo ME (1997). Activity of compounds isolated from Chilean lichens against experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis. Comp Bıochem Phys C, 116, 51-4. Güner H (1986). Likenlerin biyolojisi ve Ege Bölgesi’nde bulunan bazı liken türleri. EÜ Fen Fak Yayınları, 92. Halici M, Odabasoglu F, Suleyman H, Cakir A, Aslan A, Bayir Y (2005). Effects of water extract of Usnea longissima on antioxidant enzyme activity and mucosal damage caused by indomethacin in rats. Phytomedicine, 12, 656-62. Huneck S (1999). The significance of lichens and their metabolites. Naturwissenschaften, 86, 559-70. Neamati N, Hong H, Mazumder A, Wang S, Sunder S, Nicklaus MC, Milne GW, Proksa B, Pommier Y (1997). Depsides and depsidones as inhibitors of HIV-1 integrase: discovery of novel inhibitors through 3D database searching. J Med Chem, 40, 942-51. Odabasoglu F, Aslan A, Cakir A, Suleyman H, Karagoz Y, Halici M, Bayir Y (2004). Comparison of antioxidant activity and phenolic content of three lichen species. Phytother Res, 18, 938-41. Odabasoglu F, Cakir A, Suleyman H, Aslan A, Bayir Y, Halici M, Kazaz C (2006). Gastroprotective and antioxidant effects of usnic acid on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. J Ethnopharmacol, 103, 59-65. Okuyama E, Umeyama K, Yamazaki M, Kinoshita Y, Yamamoto Y (1995). Usnic acid and diffractaic acid as analgesic and antipyretic components of emtype. Planta Med, 61, 113-5. Rigano D, Formisano C, Senatore F, Piacente S, Pagano E, Capasso R, Borrelli F, Izzo AA (2013). Intestinal antispasmodic effects of Helichrysum italicum (Roth) Don ssp. italicum and chemical identification of the active ingredients. J Ethnopharmacol, 150, 901-6. Sağmanlıgil V, Emre B, Çelebi F (1994). Aç ve tok farelerde medial jejunum, proksimal ve distal ileumda asetilkolinin oluşturduğu kasılmalar ile elde edilen non-kümülatif cevap eğrileri. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 41, 463-75. Tokat Z (2004). Ankara bölgesi likenlerinin antimikrobaiyal aktiviteleri. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Yüksek Lisans tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara. Tutel B (1986). Liken biyolojisi ve faydaları. Marmara Üniversitesi-Eczacılık Dergisi, 2, 185-94. Vartia K (1950). On antibiotic effects of lichens and lichen substances. Ann Med Exp Biol Fenn, 7, 1-82. Verspohl EJ, Fujii H, Homma K, Buchwald-Werner S (2013). Testing of Perilla frutescens extract and Vicenin 2 for their antispasmodic effect. Phytomedicine, 20, 427-31. Vijayakumar C, Viswanathan S, Kannappa Reddy M, Parvathavarthini S, Kundu A, Sukumar E (2000). Anti-inflammatory activity of (+)-usnic acid. Fitoterapia, 71, 564-6. Yamamoto Y, Miura Y, Kinoshita Y, Higuchi M, Yamada Y, Murakami A, Ohigashi H, Koshimizu K (1995). Screening of tissue cultures and thalli of lichens and some of their active constituents for inhibition of tumor promoter-induced Epstein-Barr virus activation. Chem Pharm Bull, 43, 1388-90.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 20, 2016 |
| Submission Date | March 14, 2016 |
| Acceptance Date | May 18, 2016 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2016 Volume: 27 Issue: 3 |
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