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ENDÜSTRİ 4.0 ERGONOMİ İÇİN TEHDİT Mİ FIRSAT MI?

Year 2020, Issue: 3, 43 - 57, 26.06.2020

Abstract

İnsan, çalışma hayatında zihinsel veya fiziksel gücü ile var olmakta olup, sahip olduğu bu özellikleri kapasitesi ve sınırları çerçevesinde kullanarak çalışmaktadır. İçinde bulunulan dönemlerin özelliklerine göre bu yetenek ve kapasitelerin tanımları, sınırları ve kullanım oranları değişebilmektedir. Dördüncü Sanayi Devrimi (Endüstri 4.0) olarak isimlendirilen dijital gelişmelerin katkısı ile birlikte robotların fiziksel iş yükünün, yapay zekanın ise mental iş yükünün yerini alacağı çalışma ortamlarının, ergonomi ve insan faktörleri uygulamaları için yeni alanların önünü açtığı görülmektedir. Endüstri 4.0 ile yaygınlaşan otomasyon, fiziksel olarak zorlayıcı işlerde ergonomik iyileştirmeler yaparak çalışanların olası sağlık problemlerini minimize edecektir. Bunun sonucunda, emek yoğun işlerde çalışanların kapasitesi daha yüksek katma değerli işlerde değerlendirilebilir ve iş sağlığı ve güvenliğinin standartları yükseltilebilir. Diğer taraftan, artan otomasyon ile çalışanın mental iş yükü katlanarak artacak, insan-robot/makine/ bilgisayar arasında etkin ve verimli olmayan etkileşimler ortaya çıkacaktır. Bu sorunların elimine edilmesi ve mental iş yükünün doğru analiz edilebilmesi için ergonominin nörobilimle entegresi sonucu ortaya çıkan “Nöroergonomi” alanındaki uygulamalar, Endüstri 4.0 ile oluşabilecek olası tehditleri fırsatlara çevirebilir. Bu çalışmada, Endüstri 4.0’ın ergonomi uygulamaları açısından oluşturabileceği tehditler ve fırsatlar değerlendirilmiş olup, olası tehditlerin yeni fırsatlara dönüştürülmesi sürecinde nöroergonomi uygulamalarının önemi vurgulanmıştır.

References

  • • ADEM, A., ÇAKIT, E. ve DAĞDEVİREN, M., (2019), Nöroergonomi Çalışmalarına Yönelik Bir Literatür Araştırması, Ergonomi, 2 (2), 131-136.
  • • AHMAR, M., (2018), AI Can Play a Big Role in Smarter Decision Making, Erişim Adresi: http://www.cxotoday.com/story/ai-can-play-a-big-role-in-smarter-decision-making, 18.07.2018.
  • • BABALIK, F., (2016), Mühendisler İçin Ergonomi–İşbilim, Beşinci Baskı, Dora Yayın Dağıtım Ltd. Şti., Bursa.
  • • BANGER, G., (2016), Endüstri 4.0 ve Akıllı İşletme, Ankara: Dorlion Yayınları.
  • • BAYSAL, İ., (2016), Endüstri 4.0, PWC Türkiye, Erişim Adresi: https://www.okul.pwc.com.tr/images/uploadfile/content/635863141496551266.pdf, 15.06.2016.
  • • BIYIKLI, Ö. ve AYDOĞAN, E. K., (2015), Nöroergonomi ve Temel Uygulama Alanları, Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi, 3 (3), 173-179.
  • • BRITO, M. F., RAMOS, A. L., CARNEIRO, P. & GONCALVES, M. A, (2019), Ergonomic Analysis in Lean Manufacturing and Industry 4.0-A Systematic Review, In Lean Engineering for Global Development (pp. 95-127), Springer, Cham.
  • • BOZKURT, R., (2016), Endüstri 4.0 Aşaması Türkiye’de Yeni İşler Yaratmak İçin Büyük Fırsattır, Erişim Adresi: https://www.dunya.com/sirketler/039endustri-40-asamasi-turkiyede-yeni-isler-yaratmak-icin-buyuk-haberi-319455 , 21.09.2019.
  • • BULUT, E. ve AKÇACI, T., (2017), Endüstri 4.0 ve İnovasyon Göstergeleri Kapsamında Türkiye Analizi, ASSAM Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi, 4 (7), 55-77.
  • • BURDANOKU, (2018), Erişim Adresi: https://burdanoku.com/noroergonomiyi-turkiyede-ilk-kez-sanayi-icin-uygulamis-olacak/ 21.09.2019.
  • • CAPUTO, F., GRECO, A., EGIDIO, D. A., NOTARO, I. & SPADA, S., (2017, July), A Preventive Ergonomic Approach Based on Virtual and Immersive Reality, In International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (pp. 3-15), Springer, Cham.
  • • DAVUTOĞLU, N. A., AKGÜL, B. ve YILDIZ, E., (2017), İşletme Yönetiminde Sanayi 4.0 Kavramı İle Farkındalık Oluşturarak Etkin Bir Şekilde Değişimi Sağlamak, ASOS Journal-Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 5 (52), 545-567.
  • • EBSO, (2016), Sanayi 4.0, Erişim Adresi: http://www.ebso.org.tr/ebsomedia/documents/sanayi40_81017283.pdf, 15.08.2016.
  • • FERNÁNDEZ, F. B. & PÉREZ, M. Á. S., (2015), Analysis and Modeling of New and Emerging Occupational Risks in the Context of Advanced Manufacturing Processes, Procedia Engineering, 100, 1150-1159.
  • • GÁŠOVÁ, M., GAŠO, M. & ŠTEFÁNIK, A., (2017), Advanced Industrial Tools of Ergonomics Based on Industry 4.0 Concept, Procedia Engineering, 192, 219-224.
  • • GIRAUDET, L., IMBERT, J. P., BÉRENGER, M., TREMBLAY, S. & CAUSSE, M., (2015), The Neuroergonomic Evaluation of Human Machine Interface Design in Air Traffic Control Using Behavioral and EEG/ERP Measures, Behavioural brain research, 294, 246-253.
  • • GORECKY, D., SCHMITT, M., LOSKYLL, M. & ZÜHLKE, D., (2014, July), Human-Machine-Interaction in the Industry 4.0 Era, In 2014 12th IEEE international conference on industrial informatics (INDIN), (pp. 289-294), IEEE.
  • • HASSABIS, D., (2016), Artificial Intelligence and the Future, 24-26th February, The Sheldonian Theatre, Oxford University, Oxford, UK.
  • • HERNANDEZ-VIVANCO, A., BERNARDO, M. & CRUZ-CÁZARES, C., (2018), Sustainable Innovation Through Management Systems Integration, Journal of cleaner production, 196, 1176-1187.
  • • HETU, S. N., GUPTA, S., VU, V. A. & TAN, G., (2018), A Simulation Framework for Crisis Management: Design and Use, Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, 85, 15-32.
  • • KAGERMANN H., WAHLSTER W. & HELBIG J., (2013), Securing the Future of German Manufacturing Industry: Recommendations for Implementing the Strategic Initiative INDUSTRIE 4.0, Final report of the Industrie 4.0 working group, Berlin: Forschungsunionim Stifterverbandfürdie Deutsche Wirtschafte.
  • • KARAMİK, S. & ŞEKER, U., (2015), İşletmelerde İş Güvenliğinin Verimlilik Üzerine Etkilerinin Değerlendirilmesi, Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C: Tasarım ve Teknoloji, 3 (4), 575-584.
  • • KOSTI, M. V., GEORGIADIS, K., ADAMOS, D. A., LASKARIS, N., SPINELLIS, D. & ANGELIS, L., (2018), Towards an Affordable Brain Computer Interface for the Assessment of Programmers’ Mental Workload, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 115, 52-66.
  • • KRITIKOS, K. & MASSONET, P., (2016), An Integrated Meta-Model for Cloud Application Security Modelling, Procedia Computer Science, 97, 84-93.
  • • LIU, Y., SUBRAMANIAM, S. C. H., SOURINA, O., LIEW, S. H. P., KRISHNAN, G., KONOVESSIS, D. & ANG, H. E., (2017, September), EEG-Based Mental Workload and Stress Recognition of Crew Members in Maritime Virtual Simulator: A Case Study, In 2017 International Conference on Cyberworlds (CW), (pp. 64-71), IEEE.
  • • LU, Y., (2017), Industry 4.0: A Survey on Technologies, Applications and Open Research Issues, Journal of Industrial Information Integration, 6, 1-10.
  • • MACİT, İ., (2017), Kurumsal Kaynak Planlamasının Endüstri 4.0 Kazanımları: Bir Yapısal Çatı Modeli Önerisi, Yönetim Bilişim Sistemleri Dergisi, 3 (1), 50-60.
  • • MATTSSON, S., PARTINI, J. & FAST-BERGLUND, Å., (2016), Evaluating Four Devices That Present Operator Emotions in Real-Time, Procedia CIRP, 50, 524-528.
  • • MERSİN TİCARET VE SANAYİ ODASI, (2017), Türkiye, Avrasya’nın Endüstri 4.0 Merkezi Olabilir, Erişim Adresi: http://www.mtso.org.tr/tr/haberler/turkiye-avrasya-nin-endustri-4-0-merkezi-olabilir , 20.09.2019.
  • • MRUGALSKA, B. & WYRWİCKA, M. K., (2017), Towards Lean Production in Industry 4.0, Procedia Engineering, 182, 466-473.
  • • ÖZSOYLU, A. F., (2017), Endüstri 4.0, Çukurova Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 21 (1), 41-64.
  • • PALAZON, J. A., GOZALVEZ, J., MAESTRE, J. L. & GISBERT, J. R., (2013, October), Wireless Solutions for Improving Health and Safety Working Conditions in Industrial Environments, In 2013 IEEE 15th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services (Healthcom 2013), (pp. 544-548), IEEE.
  • • PARASURAMAN, R., (2003), Neuroergonomics: Research and practice, Theoretical issues in ergonomics science, 4 (1-2), 5-20.
  • • PERCY, S., (2018), Artificial Intelligence: The Role of Evolution in Decision-Making, Erişim Adresi: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/digital leaders/horizons/artificialintelligence-role-of-evolution-in-decision-making, 18.07.2018.
  • • PODGORSKI, D., MAJCHRZYCKA, K., DĄBROWSKA, A., GRALEWICZ, G. & OKRASA, M., (2017), Towards a Conceptual Framework of OSH Risk Management in Smart Working Environments Based on Smart PPE, Ambient Intelligence and the Internet of Things Technologies, International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 23 (1), 1-20.
  • • QIN, J., LIU, Y. & GROSVENOR, R., (2016), A Categorical Framework of Manufacturing for Industry 4.0 and Beyond, Procedia Cirp, 52, 173-178.
  • • ROKETSAN DERGİSİ, (2018), Erişim Adresi: http://www.roketsan.com.tr/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/RoketsanDergisi-12-Say%C4%B1-Ocak-2018.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 21.09.2019.
  • • SCHUMACHER, A., EROL, S. & SIHN, W., (2016), A Maturity Model for Assessing Industry 4.0 Readiness and Maturity of Manufacturing Enterprises, Procedia Cirp, 52, 161-166.
  • • SIEMIENIUCH, C. E., SINCLAIR, M. A. & HENSHAW, M. D., (2015), Global Drivers, Sustainable Manufacturing and Systems Ergonomics, Applied ergonomics, 51, 104-119.
  • • TURKISH TIME DERGİSİ, (2015), Endüstri 4.0, Erişim Adresi: http://www.turkishtimedergi.com/genel/endustri-4-0/, 20.09.2019.
  • • YÜKSEKBİLGİLİ, Z. ve ÇEVİK, G. Z., (2018), Endüstri 4.0 Bağlamında Türkiye’nin Yerine İlişkin Güncel ve Gelecek Eksenli Bir Analiz, Finans Ekonomi ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi (FESA), 3(2), 422-436.
  • • WASCHNECK, B., ALTENMÜLLER, T., BAUERNHANSL, T. & KYEK, A., (2016), Production Scheduling in Complex Job Shops from an Industry 4.0 Perspective: A Review and Challenges in the Semiconductor Industry, In SAMI@ iKNOW (pp. 1-12).
  • • WEE, D., KELLY, R., CATTEL, J. & BREUNIG, M., (2015), Industry 4.0-How to Navigate Digitization of the Manufacturing Sector, McKinsey & Company, 58.
  • • WITKOWSKI, K., (2017), Internet of Things, Big Data, Industry 4.0–Innovative Solutions in Logistics and Supply Chains Management, Procedia Engineering, 182, 763-769.

IS INDUSTRY 4.0 THREAT OR OPPORTUNITY FOR ERGONOMICS?

Year 2020, Issue: 3, 43 - 57, 26.06.2020

Abstract

Human beings exist with mental and physical abilities in the work environment and they continue to work by using these capabilities within their limitations. The definitions, limitations, and usage of these capabilities change according to the characteristics of the time. In work environments, with the help of the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0), robots and artificial intelligence will respectively replace physical and mental workloads. In these work environments, this replacement can highlight new applications in the domain of human factors/ergonomics. Increasing automation with Industry 4.0 makes ergonomic improvements in physically difficult jobs that can reduce the possible health problems of workers. At the end, the capacity of workers to perform physically difficult jobs can be evaluated in high-value-added manufacturing and workplace health and safety standards can be enhanced. On the other hand, workers’ mental workloads will be increased exponentially with augmenting automation, which may result in inadequate human-machine interactions. In Industry 4.0 applications, neuroergonomics, the application of neuroscience to ergonomics, can convert possible threats into opportunities by performing mental workload analysis in the correct way. In this study, we aimed to assess the possible threats and opportunities of Industry 4.0 applications in the domain of ergonomics. We also highlighted the importance of neuroergonomics applications in converting those possible threats into opportunities.

References

  • • ADEM, A., ÇAKIT, E. ve DAĞDEVİREN, M., (2019), Nöroergonomi Çalışmalarına Yönelik Bir Literatür Araştırması, Ergonomi, 2 (2), 131-136.
  • • AHMAR, M., (2018), AI Can Play a Big Role in Smarter Decision Making, Erişim Adresi: http://www.cxotoday.com/story/ai-can-play-a-big-role-in-smarter-decision-making, 18.07.2018.
  • • BABALIK, F., (2016), Mühendisler İçin Ergonomi–İşbilim, Beşinci Baskı, Dora Yayın Dağıtım Ltd. Şti., Bursa.
  • • BANGER, G., (2016), Endüstri 4.0 ve Akıllı İşletme, Ankara: Dorlion Yayınları.
  • • BAYSAL, İ., (2016), Endüstri 4.0, PWC Türkiye, Erişim Adresi: https://www.okul.pwc.com.tr/images/uploadfile/content/635863141496551266.pdf, 15.06.2016.
  • • BIYIKLI, Ö. ve AYDOĞAN, E. K., (2015), Nöroergonomi ve Temel Uygulama Alanları, Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi, 3 (3), 173-179.
  • • BRITO, M. F., RAMOS, A. L., CARNEIRO, P. & GONCALVES, M. A, (2019), Ergonomic Analysis in Lean Manufacturing and Industry 4.0-A Systematic Review, In Lean Engineering for Global Development (pp. 95-127), Springer, Cham.
  • • BOZKURT, R., (2016), Endüstri 4.0 Aşaması Türkiye’de Yeni İşler Yaratmak İçin Büyük Fırsattır, Erişim Adresi: https://www.dunya.com/sirketler/039endustri-40-asamasi-turkiyede-yeni-isler-yaratmak-icin-buyuk-haberi-319455 , 21.09.2019.
  • • BULUT, E. ve AKÇACI, T., (2017), Endüstri 4.0 ve İnovasyon Göstergeleri Kapsamında Türkiye Analizi, ASSAM Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi, 4 (7), 55-77.
  • • BURDANOKU, (2018), Erişim Adresi: https://burdanoku.com/noroergonomiyi-turkiyede-ilk-kez-sanayi-icin-uygulamis-olacak/ 21.09.2019.
  • • CAPUTO, F., GRECO, A., EGIDIO, D. A., NOTARO, I. & SPADA, S., (2017, July), A Preventive Ergonomic Approach Based on Virtual and Immersive Reality, In International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (pp. 3-15), Springer, Cham.
  • • DAVUTOĞLU, N. A., AKGÜL, B. ve YILDIZ, E., (2017), İşletme Yönetiminde Sanayi 4.0 Kavramı İle Farkındalık Oluşturarak Etkin Bir Şekilde Değişimi Sağlamak, ASOS Journal-Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 5 (52), 545-567.
  • • EBSO, (2016), Sanayi 4.0, Erişim Adresi: http://www.ebso.org.tr/ebsomedia/documents/sanayi40_81017283.pdf, 15.08.2016.
  • • FERNÁNDEZ, F. B. & PÉREZ, M. Á. S., (2015), Analysis and Modeling of New and Emerging Occupational Risks in the Context of Advanced Manufacturing Processes, Procedia Engineering, 100, 1150-1159.
  • • GÁŠOVÁ, M., GAŠO, M. & ŠTEFÁNIK, A., (2017), Advanced Industrial Tools of Ergonomics Based on Industry 4.0 Concept, Procedia Engineering, 192, 219-224.
  • • GIRAUDET, L., IMBERT, J. P., BÉRENGER, M., TREMBLAY, S. & CAUSSE, M., (2015), The Neuroergonomic Evaluation of Human Machine Interface Design in Air Traffic Control Using Behavioral and EEG/ERP Measures, Behavioural brain research, 294, 246-253.
  • • GORECKY, D., SCHMITT, M., LOSKYLL, M. & ZÜHLKE, D., (2014, July), Human-Machine-Interaction in the Industry 4.0 Era, In 2014 12th IEEE international conference on industrial informatics (INDIN), (pp. 289-294), IEEE.
  • • HASSABIS, D., (2016), Artificial Intelligence and the Future, 24-26th February, The Sheldonian Theatre, Oxford University, Oxford, UK.
  • • HERNANDEZ-VIVANCO, A., BERNARDO, M. & CRUZ-CÁZARES, C., (2018), Sustainable Innovation Through Management Systems Integration, Journal of cleaner production, 196, 1176-1187.
  • • HETU, S. N., GUPTA, S., VU, V. A. & TAN, G., (2018), A Simulation Framework for Crisis Management: Design and Use, Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, 85, 15-32.
  • • KAGERMANN H., WAHLSTER W. & HELBIG J., (2013), Securing the Future of German Manufacturing Industry: Recommendations for Implementing the Strategic Initiative INDUSTRIE 4.0, Final report of the Industrie 4.0 working group, Berlin: Forschungsunionim Stifterverbandfürdie Deutsche Wirtschafte.
  • • KARAMİK, S. & ŞEKER, U., (2015), İşletmelerde İş Güvenliğinin Verimlilik Üzerine Etkilerinin Değerlendirilmesi, Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C: Tasarım ve Teknoloji, 3 (4), 575-584.
  • • KOSTI, M. V., GEORGIADIS, K., ADAMOS, D. A., LASKARIS, N., SPINELLIS, D. & ANGELIS, L., (2018), Towards an Affordable Brain Computer Interface for the Assessment of Programmers’ Mental Workload, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 115, 52-66.
  • • KRITIKOS, K. & MASSONET, P., (2016), An Integrated Meta-Model for Cloud Application Security Modelling, Procedia Computer Science, 97, 84-93.
  • • LIU, Y., SUBRAMANIAM, S. C. H., SOURINA, O., LIEW, S. H. P., KRISHNAN, G., KONOVESSIS, D. & ANG, H. E., (2017, September), EEG-Based Mental Workload and Stress Recognition of Crew Members in Maritime Virtual Simulator: A Case Study, In 2017 International Conference on Cyberworlds (CW), (pp. 64-71), IEEE.
  • • LU, Y., (2017), Industry 4.0: A Survey on Technologies, Applications and Open Research Issues, Journal of Industrial Information Integration, 6, 1-10.
  • • MACİT, İ., (2017), Kurumsal Kaynak Planlamasının Endüstri 4.0 Kazanımları: Bir Yapısal Çatı Modeli Önerisi, Yönetim Bilişim Sistemleri Dergisi, 3 (1), 50-60.
  • • MATTSSON, S., PARTINI, J. & FAST-BERGLUND, Å., (2016), Evaluating Four Devices That Present Operator Emotions in Real-Time, Procedia CIRP, 50, 524-528.
  • • MERSİN TİCARET VE SANAYİ ODASI, (2017), Türkiye, Avrasya’nın Endüstri 4.0 Merkezi Olabilir, Erişim Adresi: http://www.mtso.org.tr/tr/haberler/turkiye-avrasya-nin-endustri-4-0-merkezi-olabilir , 20.09.2019.
  • • MRUGALSKA, B. & WYRWİCKA, M. K., (2017), Towards Lean Production in Industry 4.0, Procedia Engineering, 182, 466-473.
  • • ÖZSOYLU, A. F., (2017), Endüstri 4.0, Çukurova Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 21 (1), 41-64.
  • • PALAZON, J. A., GOZALVEZ, J., MAESTRE, J. L. & GISBERT, J. R., (2013, October), Wireless Solutions for Improving Health and Safety Working Conditions in Industrial Environments, In 2013 IEEE 15th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services (Healthcom 2013), (pp. 544-548), IEEE.
  • • PARASURAMAN, R., (2003), Neuroergonomics: Research and practice, Theoretical issues in ergonomics science, 4 (1-2), 5-20.
  • • PERCY, S., (2018), Artificial Intelligence: The Role of Evolution in Decision-Making, Erişim Adresi: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/digital leaders/horizons/artificialintelligence-role-of-evolution-in-decision-making, 18.07.2018.
  • • PODGORSKI, D., MAJCHRZYCKA, K., DĄBROWSKA, A., GRALEWICZ, G. & OKRASA, M., (2017), Towards a Conceptual Framework of OSH Risk Management in Smart Working Environments Based on Smart PPE, Ambient Intelligence and the Internet of Things Technologies, International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 23 (1), 1-20.
  • • QIN, J., LIU, Y. & GROSVENOR, R., (2016), A Categorical Framework of Manufacturing for Industry 4.0 and Beyond, Procedia Cirp, 52, 173-178.
  • • ROKETSAN DERGİSİ, (2018), Erişim Adresi: http://www.roketsan.com.tr/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/RoketsanDergisi-12-Say%C4%B1-Ocak-2018.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 21.09.2019.
  • • SCHUMACHER, A., EROL, S. & SIHN, W., (2016), A Maturity Model for Assessing Industry 4.0 Readiness and Maturity of Manufacturing Enterprises, Procedia Cirp, 52, 161-166.
  • • SIEMIENIUCH, C. E., SINCLAIR, M. A. & HENSHAW, M. D., (2015), Global Drivers, Sustainable Manufacturing and Systems Ergonomics, Applied ergonomics, 51, 104-119.
  • • TURKISH TIME DERGİSİ, (2015), Endüstri 4.0, Erişim Adresi: http://www.turkishtimedergi.com/genel/endustri-4-0/, 20.09.2019.
  • • YÜKSEKBİLGİLİ, Z. ve ÇEVİK, G. Z., (2018), Endüstri 4.0 Bağlamında Türkiye’nin Yerine İlişkin Güncel ve Gelecek Eksenli Bir Analiz, Finans Ekonomi ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi (FESA), 3(2), 422-436.
  • • WASCHNECK, B., ALTENMÜLLER, T., BAUERNHANSL, T. & KYEK, A., (2016), Production Scheduling in Complex Job Shops from an Industry 4.0 Perspective: A Review and Challenges in the Semiconductor Industry, In SAMI@ iKNOW (pp. 1-12).
  • • WEE, D., KELLY, R., CATTEL, J. & BREUNIG, M., (2015), Industry 4.0-How to Navigate Digitization of the Manufacturing Sector, McKinsey & Company, 58.
  • • WITKOWSKI, K., (2017), Internet of Things, Big Data, Industry 4.0–Innovative Solutions in Logistics and Supply Chains Management, Procedia Engineering, 182, 763-769.
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Erman Çakıt 0000-0003-0974-5941

Aylin Adem 0000-0003-4820-6684

Metin Dağdeviren 0000-0003-2121-5978

Publication Date June 26, 2020
Submission Date July 20, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2020 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Çakıt, E., Adem, A., & Dağdeviren, M. (2020). ENDÜSTRİ 4.0 ERGONOMİ İÇİN TEHDİT Mİ FIRSAT MI?. Verimlilik Dergisi(3), 43-57.

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