Veri Zarflama Analizi ile Etkinlik Ölçümü ve Parçalı Elastiklik Analizi: OECD Ülkelerinin Tarımsal Performansları Üzerine Bir Uygulama

Year 2023, Volume: 57 Issue: 1, 1 - 22, 31.01.2023

Ceren Dirik , Serap Sahin , Kazım Barış Atıcı

https://doi.org/10.51551/verimlilik.1117805

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, OECD ülkelerinin 2019 yılı tarımsal etkinliğini ölçmek ve kurgulanan senaryolar üzerinden parçalı elastiklik analizleri gerçekleştirerek ülkelerin kısmi ölçeğe göre getiri karakterizasyonlarını ortaya koymaktır.

Yöntem: Etkinlik ve elastiklik ölçümleri için Veri Zarflama Analizi (VZA) ve VZA tabanlı yöntemler kullanılmıştır.

Bulgular: OECD ülkelerinin %43’ünün etkin bir şekilde faaliyet gösterdiği tespit edilmiş ve ortalama tarımsal etkinliğin 0,87 olduğu saptanmıştır. Elastiklik analizi bulgularına göre seçmeli radyal etkinlik varsayımını sağlayan OECD ülkelerinin büyük bir bölümü için kısa vadede tarımsal büyümenin gerçekleşmesinin beklenmediği, üretim faktörlerinde yaşanabilecek marjinal artışlar karşısında tarımsal çıktıların çoğunlukla azalan veya sabit oranda artış eğiliminde olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Özgünlük: Çalışma, ülke bazında parçalı elastiklik ölçüm modellerinin ilk uygulaması olması ve OECD ülkelerinin tarımsal performanslarına dair bütünleyici bir perspektif sunması açısından önemlidir.

Keywords

Veri Zarflama Analizi, Elastiklik Analizi, Ölçeğe Göre Getiri, Tarım

Efficiency Measurement and Partial Elasticity Analysis with Data Envelopment Analysis: An Application on Agricultural Performances of OECD Countries

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study is to measure the agricultural efficiency of OECD countries in 2019 and to reveal the partial returns to scale characterizations of the countries by performing partial elasticity analyses through the designed scenarios.

Methodology: Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and DEA-based methods are used for efficiency and elasticity measurements.

Findings: 43% of OECD countries are found to be operating efficiently and the average agricultural efficiency is determined as 0.87. According to the findings of elasticity analysis, it is specified that for most of the OECD countries that provide the selective radial efficiency assumption, agricultural growth is not expected to be achieved in the short run and agricultural outputs tend to increase at a decreasing or constant rate in the face of marginal increases in production factors.

Originality: The study is important in terms of being the first application of partial elasticity measurement models on a country basis and presenting a holistic view on the agricultural performances of OECD countries.

Keywords

Data Envelopment Analysis, Elasticity Analysis, Returns to Scale, Agriculture

References

• Antle, J.M. (1983). “Infrastructure and Aggregate Agricultural Productivity: International Evidence”, Economic Development and Cultural Change, 31(3), 609-619.
• Arrow, K.J., Chenery, H.B., Minhas, B.S. ve Solow, R.M. (1961). “Capital-Labor Substitution and Economic Efficiency”, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 43(3), 225-250.
• Atıcı, K.B. ve Podinovski, V.V. (2012). “Mixed Partial Elasticities in Constant Returns-to-Scale Production Technologies”, European Journal of Operational Research, 220(1), 262-269.
• Atıcı, K.B., Ulucan, A. ve Bayar, I.U. (2018). “The Measurement of Agricultural Productivity Change in OECD Countries with Fuzzy Data”, RAIRO-Operations Research, 52(3), 1003-1017.
• Banker, R.D., Charnes, A. ve Cooper, W.W. (1984). “Some Models for Estimating Technical and Scale Inefficiencies in Data Envelopment Analysis”, Management Science, 30(9), 1078-1092.
• Bhattacharjee, J.P. (1955). “Resource Use and Productivity in World Agriculture”, Journal of Farm Economics, 37(1), 57-71.
• Bilişik, M.T. (2015). “Gelişmekte Olan ve Hızlı Büyüyen Ülkelerin Tarım Sektörünün Malmquist Toplam Faktör Verimliliği ile Analizi”, Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 17(2), 77-97.
• Birleşmiş Milletler. (2019). “World Economic Situation and Prospects 2019”, https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/wesp2019_en.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 20.03.2022).
• Bureau, J.C., Färe, R. ve Grosskopf, S. (1995). “A Comparison of Three Nonparametric Measures of Productivity Growth in European and United States Agriculture”, Journal of Agricultural Economics, 46(3), 309-326.
• Charnes, A., Cooper, W.W. ve Rhodes, E. (1978). “Measuring the Efficiency of Decision Making Units”, European Journal of Operational Research, 2(6), 429-444.
• Coelli, T.J. (1995). “Recent Developments in Frontier Modelling and Efficiency Measurement”, Australian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 39(3), 219-245.
• Coelli, T.J. ve Rao, D.P. (2005). “Total Factor Productivity Growth in Agriculture: A Malmquist Index Analysis of 93 Countries, 1980–2000”, Agricultural Economics, 32(1), 115-134.
• Cooper, W.W., Seiford, L.M. ve Tone, K. (2007). “Data Envelopment Analysis: A Comprehensive Text with Models, Applications, References and DEA-Solver Software”, Springer, New York.
• Deliktaş, E. ve Balcılar, M. (2005). “A Comparative Analysis of Productivity Growth, Catch-Up, and Convergence in Transition Economies”, Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 41(1), 6-28.
• Dünya Bankası. (2007). “World Development Report 2008: Agriculture for Development”, World Bank, Washington, DC.
• Dünya Bankası. (2022a). “Poverty Headcount Ratio at $1.90 A Day (2011 PPP) (% of Population)”, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.DDAY?end=2019&start=2014 (Erişim Tarihi: 01.05.2022).
• Dünya Bankası. (2022b). “Employment in Agriculture (% of Total Employment) (Modeled ILO Estimate)”, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.AGR.EMPL.ZS?end=2019&start=2000&view=chart (Erişim Tarihi: 01.05.2022).
• Emrouznejad, A. ve Yang, G.L. (2018). “A Survey and Analysis of the First 40 Years of Scholarly Literature in DEA: 1978-2016”, Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 61, 4-8. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (2003). “Compendium of Agricultural – Environmental Indicators 1989-91 to 2000”, https://www.fao.org/3/j0945e/j0945e00.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 30.12.2021).
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (2017). “The Future of Food and Agriculture – Trends and Challenges”, https://www.fao.org/3/i6583e/i6583e.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 17.12.2021).
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (2022a). “SDG Indicators – Prevalence of Undernourishment (%)”, https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/SDGB (Erişim Tarihi: 14.02.2022).
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (2022b). “FAO Food Price Index”, https://www.fao.org/worldfoodsituation/foodpricesindex/en/ (Erişim Tarihi: 16.02.2022).
• Førsund, F.R. ve Hjalmarsson, L. (2004). “Calculating Scale Elasticity in DEA Models”, Journal of the Operational Research Society, 55(10), 1023-1038.
• Fukuyama, H. (2000). “Returns to Scale and Scale Elasticity in Data Envelopment Analysis”, European Journal of Operational Research, 125(1), 93-112.
• Galanopoulos, K., Karagiannis, G. ve Koutroumanidis, T. (2004). “Malmquist Productivity Index Estimates for European Agriculture in the 1990s”, Operational Research, 4(1), 73-91.
• Hadjicostas, P. ve Soteriou, A.C. (2006). “One-Sided Elasticities and Technical Efficiency in Multi-Output Production: A Theoretical Framework”, European Journal of Operational Research, 168(2), 425-449.
• Hajihassaniasl, S. (2020). “The Impact of National Income on the Technical Efficiency of Agriculture Sector in Developing Countries (A Metafrontier Approach)”, Scientific Papers Series “Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development”, 20(4), 245-254.
• Hayami, Y. ve Ruttan, V.W. (1970). “Agricultural Productivity Differences Among Countries”, The American Economic Review, 60(5), 895-911.
• Headey, D., Alauddin, M. ve Rao, D.S.P. (2010). “Explaining Agricultural Productivity Growth: An International Perspective”, Agricultural Economics, 41(1), 1-14.
• Kawagoe, T., Hayami, Y. ve Ruttan, V.W. (1985). “The Intercountry Agricultural Production Function and Productivity Differences Among Countries”, Journal of Development Economics, 19(1-2), 113-132.
• Kyrgiakos, L.S., Vlontzos, G. ve Pardalos, P.M. (2021). “Ranking EU Agricultural Sectors Under the Prism of Alternative Widths on Window DEA”, Energies, 14(4), 1-26.
• Le, T.L., Lee, P.P., Peng, K.C. ve Chung, R.H. (2019). “Evaluation of Total Factor Productivity and Environmental Efficiency of Agriculture in Nine East Asian Countries”, Agricultural Economics, 65(6), 249-258.
• Liu, J.S., Lu, L.Y.Y., Lu, W.M. ve Lin, B.J.Y. (2013). “A Survey of DEA Applications”, Omega, 41(5), 893-902.
• Menten, C. (2018). “Türkı̇ye Tarım Sektöründe Parametrı̇k Olmayan Etkı̇nlı̇k ve Elastı̇klı̇k Ölçümü”, Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
• Menten, C., Çekiç, B. ve Atıcı, K.B. (2020). “Türkiye Tarım Sektöründe Ürünler Bazında Etkinlik Değerlendirmesi”, Verimlilik Dergisi, (1), 117-141.
• Mıhcı, H. ve Mollavelioğlu, S. (2011). “An Assessment of Sustainable Agriculture in the OECD Countries with Special Reference to Turkey”, New Medit, 10(2), 4-17.
• Mollavelioğlu, S., Mıhcı, H., Çağatay, S. ve Ulucan, A. (2010). “Assessment of Sustainability of the European Union and Turkish Agricultural Sectors”, New Medit, 9(3), 13-21.
• Mugera, A. ve Ojede, A. (2014). “Technical Efficiency in African Agriculture: Is It Catching up or Lagging Behind?”, Journal of International Development, 26(6), 779-795.
• Muhtarom, A., Haryanto, T. ve Istifadah, N. (2019). “Analysis of Productivity Efficiency of Food Plant Agriculture in East Java based on DEA Index”, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 10(1), 420-443.
• Mundlak, Y. ve Hellinghausen, R. (1982). “The Intercountry Agricultural Production Function: Another View”, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 64(4), 664-672.
• Nguyen, D. (1979). “On Agricultural Productivity Differences Among Countries”, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 61(3), 565-570.
• Nin-Pratt, A., Yu, B. ve Fan, S. (2010). “Comparisons of Agricultural Productivity Growth in China and India”, Journal of Productivity Analysis, 33(3), 209-223. OECD (2020). “Agricultural Policy Monitoring and Evaluation 2020”, OECD Publishing, Paris.
• Podinovski, V.V., Chambers, R.G., Atıcı, K.B. ve Deineko, I.D. (2016). “Marginal Values and Returns to Scale for Nonparametric Production Frontiers”, Operations Research, 64(1), 236-250.
• Podinovski, V.V. ve Førsund, F.R. (2010). “Differential Characteristics of Efficient Frontiers in Data Envelopment Analysis”, Operations Research, 58(6), 1743-1754.
• Podinovski, V.V., Førsund, F.R. ve Krivonozhko, V.E. (2009). “A Simple Derivation of Scale Elasticity in Data Envelopment Analysis”, European Journal of Operational Research, 197(1), 149-153.
• Reilly, M. ve Willenbockel, D. (2010). “Managing Uncertainty: A Review of Food System Scenario Analysis and Modelling”, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 365(1554), 3049-3063.
• Rezek, J.P., Campbell, R.C. ve Rogers, K.E. (2011). “Assessing Total Factor Productivity Growth in Sub‐Saharan African Agriculture”, Journal of Agricultural Economics, 62(2), 357-374.
• Saraç, S.B. (2020). “Veri Zarflama Analizinde Elastiklik Ölçümü Üzerine Bir Model Önerisi: Tarım Sektörü Uygulaması”, Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
• Saraç, S.B., Atıcı, K.B. ve Ulucan, A. (2022). “Elasticity Measurement on Multiple Levels of DEA Frontiers: An Application to Agriculture”, Journal of Productivity Analysis, 57(3), 313-324.
• Seiford, L.M. ve Zhu, J. (1999). “An Investigation of Returns to Scale in Data Envelopment Analysis”, Omega, 27(1), 1-11.
• Sharma, S. (2020). “Environmental Efficiency in South Asian Agriculture: A Potential of Reducing CO2 Emissions and Fertilizers Usage”, Journal of Public Affairs, 22(1), 1-8.
• Streimikis, J., Miao, Z. ve Balezentis, T. (2021). “Creation of Climate‐Smart and Energy‐Efficient Agriculture in the European Union: Pathways Based on the Frontier Analysis”, Business Strategy and the Environment, 30(1), 576-589.
• Suhariyanto, K. ve Thirtle, C. (2001). “Asian Agricultural Productivity and Convergence”, Journal of Agricultural Economics, 52(3), 96-110.
• T.C. Ticaret Bakanlığı. (2022). “Yunanistan Pazar Bilgileri”, https://ticaret.gov.tr/data/5f118f7413b87614f041ad75/2022_Yunanistan_Pazar_Bilgileri.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 25.03.2022).
• T.C. Ticaret Bakanlığı. (t.y.). “İzlanda Pazar Bilgileri”, https://ticaret.gov.tr/data/5eff2c6f13b87612f80cb9a6/%C4%B0zlanda%20%C3%BClke%20bilgileri.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 20.03.2022).
• Tunca, H. ve Deliktaş, E. (2015). “OECD Ülkelerinde Tarımsal Etkinlik Ölçümü: Dinamik Veri Zarflama Analizi”, Ege Akademik Bakış, 15(2), 217-227.
• Vlontzos, G., Niavis, S. ve Manos, B. (2014). “A DEA Approach for Estimating the Agricultural Energy and Environmental Efficiency of EU Countries”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 40, 91-96.
• Yamada, S. ve Ruttan, V.W. (1980). “International Comparisons of Productivity in Agriculture”, New Developments in Productivity Measurement and Analysis, Editör: Kendrick, J.W. ve Vaccara, B.N., University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 507-594.