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CARDIAC OSCULTATION IN DOGS and CATS

Year 2021, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 181 - 190, 29.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.38137/vftd.981908

Abstract

Auscultation is the most important part of the cardiovascular examination. It should be done systematically, usually after a physical examination, with a careful rest of the entire thorax and a focus on all cardiac regions. Heart sounds are produced by turbulent blood flow and vibrations of the heart and vessels. In this review, besides performing cardiac auscultation in dogs and cats, detailed information about normal and abnormal heart sounds on auscultation, arrhythmias and cardiac murmurs heard on auscultation were shared.

References

  • Atkins, C. (2014). Cardiovascular Physical Examination. World Small Animal Veterinary Association World Congress, Cape Town, 2014.
  • Bakırel, U., & Ayvaz, Ö. (2019). Kalp Damar Bozuklukları. Altuğ, N. (Çeviri editörü). Köpek ve Kedilerin Klinik Hekimliği. 3. Baskı. Ankara, Türkiye: Güneş Kitabevleri; 2019. p.195-199.
  • Başoğlu, A. (1998). Veteriner İç Hastalıklarında Klinik Muayene. Konya, Türkiye: Bahçıvanlar Basım.
  • Bilal, T. (2011). Köpek ve Kedilerde Kardiyoloji, İstanbul, Turkey: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri.
  • Campbell, F. E. (2013). Cardiac disease and examination. World Small Animal Veterinary Association World Congress Proceedings (WSAVA), New Zealand, 2013, 1-6.
  • Gompf, R. E. (2008). The History and Physical Examination. In, Tilley LP, Smith FWK, Oyama MA, Sleeper MM, Editors. Manual of Canine and Feline Cardiology. 4 th ed. Saint Louis, USA: Saunders Elsevier; 2008. p.2-23.
  • Häggström J., Kvart, C., & Hansson, K. (1995). Heart sounds and murmurs: changes related to severity of chronic valvular disease in the Cavalier King Charles spaniel. J Vet Intern Med, 9(2), 75-85.
  • Hogan, D.F. (2008). Cardiac examination and history. NAVC Clinician’s Brief, 7, 49-53.
  • Keene, B. W., Smith, F. W. K., Tilley, L. P., & Hansen, B,. (2014). Rapid Interpretation of Heart and Lung Sounds - E-Book: A Guide to Cardiac and Respiratory Auscultation in Dogs and Cats, 3 rd ed. Elsevier Health Sciences.
  • Kittleson, M. D, & Kienle, R. D. (1998). Small Animal Cardiovascular Medicine, 1 st ed. St. Louis: Mosby.
  • Mandese, W. W., & Estrada, A. H. (2017). The basic cardiology examination. Clinician Brief, 5, 91-98.
  • Martin, M., & Corcoran, B. (2006). Notes on Cardiorespiratory Diseases of the Dog and Cat, 2 nd ed. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing.
  • Naylor, J. M. L. M., Yadernuk, J., W. Pharr., & J. S. Ashburner. (2001). “An assessment of the ability of diplomates, practitioners, and students to describe and interpret recordings of heart murmurs and arrhythmia.” J Vet Intern Med, 15(6), 507-515.
  • Nelson, O. L. (2003). Small Animal Cardiology. Saint Louis, USA: Butterworth-Heinemann.
  • Pace, C. (2017). How to maximise your auscultation technique. The Veterinary Nurse, 8(9), 512-515.
  • Pedersen, H. D., J. Häggström, T., Falk, T., Mow, L.H., Olsen, L., Iversen., & A. L. Jensen. (1999). Auscultation in mild mitral regurgitation in dogs: observer variation, effects of physical maneuvers, and agreement with color Doppler echocardiography and phonocardiography.J Vet Intern Med, 13(1), 56-64.
  • Rishniw, M., & Thomas, W. P. (2002). “Dynamic right ventricular outflow obstruction: a new cause of systolic murmurs in cats.” J Vet Intern Med, 16(5), 547-552.
  • Sisson D. D., & Ettinger S.J. (1999). Examination of the Patient with Cardiovascular Disease-The Physical Examination. In, Fox PR, Sisson D, Moïse NS, Editors. Textbook of Canine and Feline Cardiology: Principles and Clinical Practice. Philadelphia, USA: W.B. Saunders Co. 1999.pp. 46-64.
  • Ware, W. (2011). Cardiovascular Disease in Small Animal Medicine. London, UK: Manson Publishing.

KÖPEK ve KEDİLERDE KARDİYAK OSKULTASYON

Year 2021, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 181 - 190, 29.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.38137/vftd.981908

Abstract

Oskültasyon, kardiyovasküler muayenenin en önemli kısmıdır. Genellikle fiziksel muayeneden sonra sistematik bir şekilde yapılmalı, toraksın tamamı dikkatlice dinlenmeli ve tüm kardiyak bölgelere odaklanılmalıdır. Kalp sesleri, türbülanslı kan akışı ve kalp ve damarların titreşimleriyle oluşur. Bu derlemede köpek ve kedilerde kardiyak oskultasyonun yapılışının yanısıra, oskultasyondaki normal ve anormal kalp sesleri, oskültasyonda duyulan aritmiler ve kardiyak üfürümler hakkında detaylı bilgiler paylaşıldı.

References

  • Atkins, C. (2014). Cardiovascular Physical Examination. World Small Animal Veterinary Association World Congress, Cape Town, 2014.
  • Bakırel, U., & Ayvaz, Ö. (2019). Kalp Damar Bozuklukları. Altuğ, N. (Çeviri editörü). Köpek ve Kedilerin Klinik Hekimliği. 3. Baskı. Ankara, Türkiye: Güneş Kitabevleri; 2019. p.195-199.
  • Başoğlu, A. (1998). Veteriner İç Hastalıklarında Klinik Muayene. Konya, Türkiye: Bahçıvanlar Basım.
  • Bilal, T. (2011). Köpek ve Kedilerde Kardiyoloji, İstanbul, Turkey: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri.
  • Campbell, F. E. (2013). Cardiac disease and examination. World Small Animal Veterinary Association World Congress Proceedings (WSAVA), New Zealand, 2013, 1-6.
  • Gompf, R. E. (2008). The History and Physical Examination. In, Tilley LP, Smith FWK, Oyama MA, Sleeper MM, Editors. Manual of Canine and Feline Cardiology. 4 th ed. Saint Louis, USA: Saunders Elsevier; 2008. p.2-23.
  • Häggström J., Kvart, C., & Hansson, K. (1995). Heart sounds and murmurs: changes related to severity of chronic valvular disease in the Cavalier King Charles spaniel. J Vet Intern Med, 9(2), 75-85.
  • Hogan, D.F. (2008). Cardiac examination and history. NAVC Clinician’s Brief, 7, 49-53.
  • Keene, B. W., Smith, F. W. K., Tilley, L. P., & Hansen, B,. (2014). Rapid Interpretation of Heart and Lung Sounds - E-Book: A Guide to Cardiac and Respiratory Auscultation in Dogs and Cats, 3 rd ed. Elsevier Health Sciences.
  • Kittleson, M. D, & Kienle, R. D. (1998). Small Animal Cardiovascular Medicine, 1 st ed. St. Louis: Mosby.
  • Mandese, W. W., & Estrada, A. H. (2017). The basic cardiology examination. Clinician Brief, 5, 91-98.
  • Martin, M., & Corcoran, B. (2006). Notes on Cardiorespiratory Diseases of the Dog and Cat, 2 nd ed. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing.
  • Naylor, J. M. L. M., Yadernuk, J., W. Pharr., & J. S. Ashburner. (2001). “An assessment of the ability of diplomates, practitioners, and students to describe and interpret recordings of heart murmurs and arrhythmia.” J Vet Intern Med, 15(6), 507-515.
  • Nelson, O. L. (2003). Small Animal Cardiology. Saint Louis, USA: Butterworth-Heinemann.
  • Pace, C. (2017). How to maximise your auscultation technique. The Veterinary Nurse, 8(9), 512-515.
  • Pedersen, H. D., J. Häggström, T., Falk, T., Mow, L.H., Olsen, L., Iversen., & A. L. Jensen. (1999). Auscultation in mild mitral regurgitation in dogs: observer variation, effects of physical maneuvers, and agreement with color Doppler echocardiography and phonocardiography.J Vet Intern Med, 13(1), 56-64.
  • Rishniw, M., & Thomas, W. P. (2002). “Dynamic right ventricular outflow obstruction: a new cause of systolic murmurs in cats.” J Vet Intern Med, 16(5), 547-552.
  • Sisson D. D., & Ettinger S.J. (1999). Examination of the Patient with Cardiovascular Disease-The Physical Examination. In, Fox PR, Sisson D, Moïse NS, Editors. Textbook of Canine and Feline Cardiology: Principles and Clinical Practice. Philadelphia, USA: W.B. Saunders Co. 1999.pp. 46-64.
  • Ware, W. (2011). Cardiovascular Disease in Small Animal Medicine. London, UK: Manson Publishing.
There are 19 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Veterinary Sciences
Journal Section Review
Authors

Nuri Altuğ 0000-0001-5805-0340

Osman Safa Terzi 0000-0002-7877-8897

Publication Date December 29, 2021
Acceptance Date December 16, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 12 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Altuğ, N., & Terzi, O. S. (2021). KÖPEK ve KEDİLERDE KARDİYAK OSKULTASYON. Veteriner Farmakoloji Ve Toksikoloji Derneği Bülteni, 12(3), 181-190. https://doi.org/10.38137/vftd.981908