Bergson’dan Barad’a Yeni Materyalist Feminizm

Year 2022, , 185 - 206, 31.05.2022

Feyza Toprak

https://doi.org/10.47124/viraverita.1089521

Abstract

Bu makalenin amacı Yeni Materyalizmin somut bir anlatısı olan Barad’cı İnsan-sonrası (Post-hüman) Feminizmi daha iyi kavranabilir kılmak üzere, bu anlatıdaki Bohr nüveleri ile Bergson ve Deleuze benzerliklerini ortaya koymaktır. Bu dört teorisyenin ortak noktası teorilerini kauntum felsefesi üzerinden kurmalarıdır. Bergson’un bu makale açısından önemi zaman kavramını maddeye, madde kavramını ise performativiteye bağlamasıdır. Deleuze’de Bergson’dan aldığı ilhamla dünyayı herhangi bir sabitlik ve merkezden yoksun, saf köksapsal oluşlar ve sanallıklar alanı olarak tarif ederken felsefesini buradan kurmuştur. Deleuze köksapı, benzer eş bireysellikler arasında var olan, bağlantılar ve yakınlıklar olarak tanımlayarak geleneksel felsefenin insan-biçimsel yönelimini kökten değiştirmektedir. Deleuze’e bu bağlamda geliştirdiği ‘farklılık’ ve ‘çokluk’ felsefesi ile insanı, insan olmayan türlerle paralel bir ilişkiye açık hale getirirken insan-sonrası feminist teoriye de ilham vermiştir. Barad, maddenin bir “töz” değil, ‘ilişkiselliğe içkin eylem’ (intra-activity) olduğunu; ‘failliğin’ yalnızca insani bir nitelik olmadığını, bunun yerine maddenin makro ve mikroskobik seviyeleri boyunca yinelemeli tekrarlarla yürürlüğe girmesi olduğunu savunmuştur. Ona göre madde, ilişkiselliğe içkin dinamik içsel maddi ilişkilerinin etkileri yoluyla kendisini yeniden ürettiği için ‘performatiftir’. ‘Faili gerçekçilik’ epistemolojik, ontolojik ve etik bir teoridir. Barad, insan olmayan organizmaları ve nesneleri bu tanıma dâhil ederek gerçekliğin şekillendirilmesinde insan olmayanı da fail kılmıştır. Barad’ın Bohr’dan aldığı ‘Belirlenimsizlik ilkesi’nin yorumları ‘doğanın bütünselliği, ‘türler arasındaki ittifaka ilişkin bir yaklaşımın gerekliliği yönündeki çağrışımları ile sadece fizikte değil sosyal bilimlerde de yeni bir paradigma yaratmıştır. Barad’a göre evrenin doğasının derinliklerinde ilişkisel ontolojiden kaynaklanan etik bir töz vardır. Kuantum felsefesinden çıkan yeni feminist etik, insan ve insan olmayanın ontolojik etkileşimi, saygılı ilişkisi ve birlikte büyümesi konularına evrilir.

Keywords

Henri Bergson, Karen Barad, performativite, ilişkiselliğe içkin eylem, İnsan-sonrası Feminizm

New Materialist Feminism from Bergson to Barad

Abstract

This article aims to reveal the Bohr cores and Bergson and Deleuze resemblances with the Baradian posthumanist theory. The shared point of these four theorists is that they build their theories on quantum philosophy. Bergson's prominence for this article is that he connects the concept of “time” to “matter” and the concept of “matter” to “performativity”. Inspired by Bergson, Deleuze described the world as a field of pure rhizomatic becomings and virtualities and changed the anthropomorphic orientation of traditional philosophy by defining rhizome as difference and multiplicity, connections, and affinities. Thus, he inspired feminist philosophy to search for “becoming,” “flow” and “possibilities”. Barad argues that matter is not a "substance" but an "intra-activity"; she argued that "agency" is not merely a human attribute but rather the iterative actuation of matter across the macro and microscopic levels. For her, the matter is performative because it reproduces itself through the effects of its dynamic internal material relations (atomic and subatomic) inherent in relationality. Agential realism is an epistemological, ontological, and ethical theory. By including nonhuman organisms and objects in this definition, Barad renders nonhuman agents in shaping reality. Interpretations of the Bohr’s indeterminacy principle have created a new paradigm in physics and social sciences, with connotations of “holism of nature”. According to Barad, there is an ethical substance originating from relational ontology. The new feminist ethics emerging from quantum philosophy evolves into the ontological interaction, respectful relationship, and co-growth of human and nonhuman.

Keywords

Henri Bergson, Karen Barad, performativity, intra-action, posthumanist feminism

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