Yaşayan Rezervlerden İnsan Harici Kişilere: Hayvanların Mülk Statüsü

Year 2022, Issue: 16, 7 - 29, 30.11.2022

Berk Efe Altınal

https://doi.org/10.47124/viraverita.1174718

Abstract

Eşit gözetim ilkesi, bir eylemin ahlaki anlamda doğruluğuna karar verirken eylemden etkilenenlerin benzer çıkarlarını gözetmeyi gerektirir. İnsan harici hayvanların da hissedebilir varlıklar olması sebebiyle bu değerlendirmeye dahil edilmesi hayvan etiğinin temellerinden biridir. Ancak bazı kuramcılar insan harici hayvanların gerek yasal anlamda gerekse halihazırdaki toplumsal normlar bağlamında mülk olarak konumlandırılmalarının hayvanların ahlaki bakımdan kayda değer bir biçimde gözetilmelerine engel teşkil ettiğini öne sürmektedir. Buradan yola çıkarak, eşit gözetimin mümkün olabilmesi için insan harici hayvanların mülk statülerinin kaldırılmasını ve “başkasının mülkü olmama hakkı” olarak tanımladıkları hakkın tüm hissedebilir varlıklar için bir temel hak olarak tanınmasını önermektedirler. Bu makalede, insan harici hayvanların mülk statüsünün kaldırılması yönündeki argümanlar ve bu argümanlara getirilen eleştiriler detaylı bir şekilde ele alınacaktır.

Keywords

Hayvan etiği, mülkiyet, türcülük, evcilleştirme

From livestock to nonhuman persons: Property status of animals

Abstract

The principle of equal consideration requires considering the similar interests of those affected by an action when deciding on the moral value of the action. Since nonhuman animals are sentient beings, including them in this assessment is one of the bases of animal ethics. However, several scholars argue that the positioning of nonhuman animals as property, both legally and in the context of current societal norms, is an obstacle to their significant moral consideration. Following this argument, for equal consideration to be possible, they propose abolishing the property status of nonhuman animals and recognizing the right “not to be the property of others” as a basic right for all sentient beings. In this article, the arguments for abolishing the property status of nonhuman animals and the criticisms brought to these arguments will be discussed in detail.

Keywords

Animal ethics, property, speciesisim, domestication

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