One of the main reasons why the government intervenes in market is to get rid of imbalances in income distribution. In this context, the most important instrument used by governments to provide equality on income distribution is taxation policies. In the study, classification of taxes as direct and indirect is considered for income distribution. It is a known fact that direct taxes are more efficient than indirect taxes in income distribution. However, this fact is disregarded in developing countries. In Turkey, the share of indirect taxes in total tax revenue is much higher. The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of direct and indirect taxes on income distribution in Turkey and 28 EU countries. In the study, after covering the concepts of income distribution and tax theoretically, the impact of direct and indirect taxes on income distribution is empirically analyzed for Turkey and 28 AB countries. In the paper, the impacts of tax policies implemented in Turkey and 28 EU countries on income distribution imbalances are investigated by using new generation panel data analysis methods for 2006-2018 period. According to the paper analysis, the increases in the share of indirect taxes in total tax revenues rise income inequality while the increases in the share of direct taxes in total tax revenue decrease this inequality. It is also determined that improvement in human development index has declining impact on income inequality.
Income Inequality Indirect-Direct Taxes Human Development Index Cross-Section Dependence New Generation Panel Data Analysis
Gelir Dağılımı Dengesizliği Dolaylı-Doğrudan Vergiler İnsani Gelişmişlik Seviyesi Yatay Kesit Bağımlılığı Yeni Nesil Panel Veri Analizi
Primary Language | Turkish |
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Subjects | Economics |
Journal Section | Research Articles |
Authors | |
Publication Date | February 20, 2021 |
Submission Date | April 23, 2020 |
Published in Issue | Year 2021 Volume: 12 Issue: 29 |