Trump Dönemi Ticaret Savaşlarında Türk Demir Çelik Sektörü İhracatının Politik Ekonomisi

Year 2023, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 85 - 119, 08.01.2023

Zelha Altınkaya , Metin Altın

Abstract

ABD'nin dış ticaret politikasında yapılan değişiklikler, geniş bir alanda birçok ülkeyi etkilemektedir. Bu nedenle, ABD, dünyadaki en önemli ithalatçı ülke olarak, dış ticaret politikasında korumacı önlemlere başvurduğunda, ABD'ye ihracat yapan birçok ülkenin dış ticaretinde de değişiklikler olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada ABD’nin başlattığı ticaret savaşları ve özellikle son ABD başkanlarından Trump'ın 2018 yılında başlattığı ticaret savaşının Türkiye demir, çelik ve alüminyum sektörleri üzerindeki etkisi değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, tarihi vaka analizi ve istatistiki veri analizi yöntemi uygulanmıştır. ABD'nin dış ticaret geçmişinde almış olduğu korumacı önlemler, bu kapsamda analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, Trump döneminde, siyasi gerekçelerle Türkiye'nin ABD'ye ihraç ettiği demir çelik ürünlerinden alınan gümrük vergisi iki kez artırılmış, Türkiye'nin yaptığı misillemeler sonucunda ikinci gümrük vergisi artışı geri alınmıştır. Bu şartlar altında, Türkiye'nin ABD'ye ihraç ettiği demir çelik ürünlerine aynı yılda yapılan iki gümrük vergisi artışı, Türkiye'nin ihracatını kısa vadede düşürmüştür. Ancak, sonraki yıllarda, Türkiye’nin demir, çelik alüminyum ihracatında kayıpların göreceli olarak telafi edildiği tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

korumacılık, ticaret-savaşları, ABD, Türkiye, politik ekonomi

The Political Economy of Turkish Iron and Steel Industry Exports under the Trade Wars Policies of Trump Period

Abstract

The changes made in the foreign trade policy of the US affect many countries in a wide area. Therefore, when the USA, as the most important importing country in the world, resorts to protective measures in its foreign trade policy, there are changes in the foreign trade of many countries exporting to the USA. This study aims to analyze the effects of the trade wars started by the USA, and especially the Turkish iron, steel and aluminum sectors of the last US president Trump's trade war started in 2018 were evaluated. In this study, historical case analysis and statistical data analysis methods were applied. The protectionist measures taken by the USA in its foreign trade history are analyzed in this context. During the Trump era, the customs duty on iron and steel products exported by Turkey to the USA was increased twice due to political reasons. With Turkey's retaliation, the second customs duty increase was withdrawn. Two customs tariff increases in the same year on iron and steel products exported by Turkey to the USA reduced Turkey's exports in the short term, however, Turkey relatively compensated for its losses in the following years.

Keywords

protectionism, trade wars, USA; Türkiye, political economy

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