Comparison of Body Fat, Body Mass Index and Somatotype in Racquet Players
Year 2024,
Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 47 - 59, 23.04.2024
Nurdan Varmış
,
Emine İlkcan Kurt
,
Yücel Karaağaç
,
Elif Cengizel
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare body fat, body mass index and somatotypes in racquet players. 36 young racquet players (n=15 badminton, n=9 tennis, n=12 table tennis) with at least 5 years of experience in their current discipline participated in the research voluntarily. The Heath Carter method was used to determine the somatotypes of the participants, and the Siri formula was used to calculate the body fat. Descriptive statistics of body profile & somatotype characteristics of racquet players and hypothesis tests used for intergroup comparisons (One Way Anova test for parametric data, Kruskal Wallis test for nonparametric data) were carried out using SigmaPlot software. Tennis players have higher body height, body weight, and lower body fat; table tennis players have the highest body fat, body mass index, endomorphy & mesomorphy score and lowest ectomorphy scores; badminton players have higher ectomorphy scores and lowest body weight, and body mass index. However, these differences were not statistically significant between the groups. In addition, badminton and tennis players have ectomorphic mesomorph (2-4-3) and table tennis players have endomorphic mesomorph (3-5-2) somatotype. As a result, although the racquet athletes included in the study show similarities in terms of body fat percentage, body mass index and somatotype, the emergence of minimal differences is an indicator that should be considered in terms of racquet sports. Research findings can be supported by increasing the number of participants in future studies.
Ethical Statement
Ethics review board: Gazi University Ethic Commision
Date of ethics assessment document: 31.01.2022
Issue number of the ethical evaluation document: E-77082166-604.01.02-275925
Supporting Institution
No financial support was received for this submission.
Thanks
This study was presented as oral presentation in 20th International Sport Sciences Congress. The authors would like to thank all athletes who participated in the study.
References
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- Ayuningtyas, N. T., Susanto, H., & Suroto, S. (2021). Relationship between somatotype and physical fitness : study on badminton athletes of PB Djarum Kudus. Jurnal Keolahragaan, 9(1), 128–136. https://doi.org/10.21831/jk.v9i1.38147
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- Cenan, B. (2022). Tokyo Yaz Oli̇mpi̇yat Oyunları badmi̇nton müsabakalarinin anali̇zi. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Karaman.
- Çoban, O., & Marangoz, İ. (2018). Grand Slam tenis turnuvaları final maçlarının bazı değişkenlere göre analizi. Spor ve Performans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 9(3), 184–191. https://doi.org/10.17155/omuspd.394386
- Dimitrova, A., & Ivanova-Pandourska, I. (2022). Effect of sports training on morphological characteristics of Bulgarian female tennis players. Folia Medica, 64(2), 309–313. https://doi.org/10.3897/folmed.64.e63960
- Eyüboğlu, E. (2006). İlköğreti̇m çağı çocuklarında antropometri̇k ölçümleri̇n bazı fi̇zi̇ksel ve fi̇zyoloji̇k parametrelerle i̇li̇şki̇si̇. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Samsun.
- Fields, J. B., Merrigan, J. J., White, J. B., & Jones, M. T. (2018). Seasonal and longitudinal changes in body composition by sport-position in NCAA Division I basketball athletes. Sports, 6(85), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports6030085
- Granados, C., Izquierdo, M., & Iba, J. (2008). Effects of an entire season on physical fitness in elite female handball players. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 40(2), 351–361. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e31815b4905
- Gryko, K., Kopiczko, A., Mikołajec, K., Stasny, P., & Musalek, M. (2018). Anthropometric variables and somatotype of young and professional male basketball players. Sports, 6(9), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports6010009
- Heath, B. H., & Carter, J. L. (1967). A modified somatotype method. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 27(1), 57-74. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330270108
- Jackson, A. S., & Pollock, M. (1978). Generalized equations for predicting body density of men. British Journal of Nutrition, 40(1): 497-502. https://doi.org/10.1079/bjn19780152
- Karagöz, Ö. Ü. Ş. (2023). Tenis özelinde beslenme prensipleri. İçinde: Spor Bilimlerine Kuramsal Bakışı-. Eds: Ceyhan, L., Yursızoğlu, Z., Gazi Kitabevi, Ankara, 73-97.
- Korkmaz, F. (1996). Bursa yöresi elit masa tenisçilerinin somatotiplerinin çabukluk ve dayanıklılıkla olan ilişkisinin araştırılması. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Uludağ Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bursa.
- Lees, A. (2003). Science and the major racket sports : A review. Journal of Sports Sciences, 21(9), 707–732. https://doi.org/10.1080/0264041031000140275
- Luna-Villouta, P., Felipe Castelli Corriea Campos, L., & Martinez, C. (2021). Anthropometric characterization and body composition of male and female elite tennis players in Chile. International Journal of Morphology, 39(1), 84–89.
- Martinez-Rodriguez, A., Collado Enrique, R., & Vicente-Salar, N. (2015). Body composition assessment of paddle and tennis adult male players. Nutricion Hospitalaria, 31(3), 1294–1301. https://doi.org/10.3305/nh.2015.31.3.8004
- Paswan, D. (2020). An analysis of selected kinanthropometric variables between badminton and tennis players : A detailed comparative approach. International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health, 7(4), 211–213.
- Poyraz, A., & Demirkan, A. Ç. (2011). Avrupa badminton takım şampiyonası’na katılan Türkiye, Avusturya, Belçika, Macaristan milli bayan sporcuların bazı fiziksel ve fizyolojik parametrelerinin karşılaştırılması. Selçuk Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilim Dergisi, 13(3), 330–339. https://doi.org/10.17155/spd.56155
- Pradas, F., De La Torre, A., Carrasco, L., Muñoz, D., Courel-Ibáñez, J., & Antonio González-Jurado, J. (2021). Anthropometric profiles in table tennis players: Analysis of sex, age, and ranking. Applied Science, 11(876), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11020
- Robertson, K., Pion, J., Mostaert, M., Wazir, M. R., Wazir, N., Kramer, T., Faber, I. R., Vansteenkiste, P., & Lenoir, M. (2018). A coaches’ perspective on the contribution of anthropometry , physical performance , and motor coordination in racquet sports. Journal of Sports Sciences, 36(23), 2706–2715. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2018.1441941
- Sansone, Pierpaolo, Makivic, B., Csapo, R., Hume, P., Martínez-Rodríguez, A., & Bauer, P. (2022). Body fat of basketball players: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine - Open, 8(26), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-022-00418-x
- Silva, A. M., Fields, D. A., & Sardinha, L. B. (2010). Body composition and power changes in elite judo athletes. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 31(10), 737–741. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1255115
- Siri, W. E. (1961). Body composition from fluid spaces and density: analysis of methods. In: Brozek, J., Henschel, A., eds. Techniques for measuring body composition. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences, 223-44.
- Söğüt, M., & Altunsoy, K. (2019). Türk genç milli tenis oyuncularının fiziksel ve morfolojik özelliklerinin servis hızı ile ilişkisi. Spor Hekimliği Dergisi, 54(1), 64–70. https://doi.org/10.5152/tjsm.2019.117
- Söğüt, M., Müniroğlu, R. S., & Deliceoğlu, G. (2004). Farklı kategorilerdeki genç erkek tenis oyuncularının antropometrik ve somatotip özelliklerinin incelenmesi. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(4), 155–162. https://doi.org/10.1501/sporm_0000000040
- Şenel, Ö., Atalay, N., & Çolakoğlu, F. F. (1998). Türk milli badminton takımının antropometrik, vücut kompozisyonu ve bazı performans özellikleri. Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(2), 15–20.
- Teunissen, J. W., Welle, S., Platvoet, S., Faber, I., Pion, J., & Lenoir, M. (2021). Similarities and differences between sports subserving systematic talent transfer and development : The case of paddle sports. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 24(2), 200–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2020.09.005
- Ubago-Guisado, E., García-Unanue, J., López-Fernández, J., & Gallardo, L. (2017). Association of different types of playing surfaces with bone mass in growing girls. Journal of Sports Sciences, 35(15), 1484–1492. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1223328
- Weatherwax-Fall, D. (2011). Body composition and its affect on the sports performance spectrum. The International Journal of Sports and Ethics, 1(1), 17–25.
- Yaprak, Y. (2020). A comparison of anaerobic performance of sub-elite tennis and badminton players. European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 6(3), 157-167. http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3784957
- Zaferanieh, A., Hossein, A., Seyed, H., Hosseini, A., Ali, K., & Emiliano, M. (2020). Effect of ballistic and power training on performance adaptations of élite table tennis players. Sport Sciences for Health, 17, 181-190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-020-00671-1
- Zagatto, A. M., Kondric, M., Knechtle, B., Theo, P., & Sperlich, B. (2018). Energetic demand and physical conditioning of table tennis players. A study review. Journal of Sports Sciences, 36(7), 724–731. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2017.1335957
Raket Sporcularında Vücut Yağ Yüzdesi, Vücut Kütle İndeksi ve Somatotipin Karşılaştırılması
Year 2024,
Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 47 - 59, 23.04.2024
Nurdan Varmış
,
Emine İlkcan Kurt
,
Yücel Karaağaç
,
Elif Cengizel
Abstract
Bu çalışmanın amacı raket sporcularının vücut yağ yüzdesi, vücut kütle indeksi ve somatotiplerinin karşılaştırılmasıdır. Çalışmaya mevcut branşında en az 5 yıl deneyime sahip 36 genç raket sporcusu (n=15 badminton, n=9 tenis, n=12 masa tenisi) gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Katılımcıların somatotiplerinin belirlenmesinde Heath Carter metodu, vücut yağ yüzdelerinin hesaplanmasında Siri formülü kullanılmıştır. Raket sporcularının vücut profili & somatotip özelliklerinin tanımlayıcı istatistikleri ve gruplar arası karşılaştırmalar için kullanılan hipotez testleri (parametrik veriler için One Way Anova testi, nonparametrik veriler için Kruskal Wallis test) SigmaPlot yazılımı aracılığı ile yürütülmüştür. Tenis sporcuları daha yüksek boy uzunluğu, vücut ağırlığı, vücut kütle indeksi ve daha düşük vücut yağ yüzdesine; masa tenisi sporcuları en yüksek vücut yağ yüzdesi, endomorfi & mezomorfi skoru ve en düşük ektomorfi skoruna; badminton sporcuları ise daha yüksek ektomorfi skoru ve en düşük vücut ağırlığı ile vücut kütle indeksine sahiptir. Buna rağmen bu farklılıklar istatistiksel olarak gruplar arası anlamlı bulunmamıştır. Buna ek olarak badminton ve tenis sporcuları ektomorfik mezomorf (2-4-3) ve masa tenisi sporcuları endomorfik mezomorf (3-5-2) somatotipe sahiptir. Sonuç olarak, araştırmaya dâhil edilen raket sporcuları vücut yağ yüzdesi, vücut kütle indeksi ve somatotip bakımından benzerlik göstermekle birlikte tespit edilen minimal farkların ortaya çıkması, raket sporları açısından dikkate alınması gereken bir göstergedir. İleriki araştırmalarda katılımcı sayılarının artması ile araştırma bulguları desteklenebilir.
References
- Akdoğan, E., Kanat, E. A., Şimşek, D., Cerrah, A. O., Bidil, S., Bayram, İ., & Aktı, Y. (2022). Relationship between body composition, multiple repeated sprint ability and vertical jump performance in elite badminton players. International Journal of Morphology, 40(3), 720–727. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0717-95022022000300720
- Ayuningtyas, N. T., Susanto, H., & Suroto, S. (2021). Relationship between somatotype and physical fitness : study on badminton athletes of PB Djarum Kudus. Jurnal Keolahragaan, 9(1), 128–136. https://doi.org/10.21831/jk.v9i1.38147
- Bourgois, J., Claessens, A. L., Vrijens, J., Philippaerts, R., Renterghem, B. V., Thomis, M., Janssens, M., Loos, R., & Lefevre, J. (2000). Anthropometric characteristics of elite male junior rowers. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 34(3), 213–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.34.3.213
- Cenan, B. (2022). Tokyo Yaz Oli̇mpi̇yat Oyunları badmi̇nton müsabakalarinin anali̇zi. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Karaman.
- Çoban, O., & Marangoz, İ. (2018). Grand Slam tenis turnuvaları final maçlarının bazı değişkenlere göre analizi. Spor ve Performans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 9(3), 184–191. https://doi.org/10.17155/omuspd.394386
- Dimitrova, A., & Ivanova-Pandourska, I. (2022). Effect of sports training on morphological characteristics of Bulgarian female tennis players. Folia Medica, 64(2), 309–313. https://doi.org/10.3897/folmed.64.e63960
- Eyüboğlu, E. (2006). İlköğreti̇m çağı çocuklarında antropometri̇k ölçümleri̇n bazı fi̇zi̇ksel ve fi̇zyoloji̇k parametrelerle i̇li̇şki̇si̇. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Samsun.
- Fields, J. B., Merrigan, J. J., White, J. B., & Jones, M. T. (2018). Seasonal and longitudinal changes in body composition by sport-position in NCAA Division I basketball athletes. Sports, 6(85), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports6030085
- Granados, C., Izquierdo, M., & Iba, J. (2008). Effects of an entire season on physical fitness in elite female handball players. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 40(2), 351–361. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e31815b4905
- Gryko, K., Kopiczko, A., Mikołajec, K., Stasny, P., & Musalek, M. (2018). Anthropometric variables and somatotype of young and professional male basketball players. Sports, 6(9), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports6010009
- Heath, B. H., & Carter, J. L. (1967). A modified somatotype method. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 27(1), 57-74. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330270108
- Jackson, A. S., & Pollock, M. (1978). Generalized equations for predicting body density of men. British Journal of Nutrition, 40(1): 497-502. https://doi.org/10.1079/bjn19780152
- Karagöz, Ö. Ü. Ş. (2023). Tenis özelinde beslenme prensipleri. İçinde: Spor Bilimlerine Kuramsal Bakışı-. Eds: Ceyhan, L., Yursızoğlu, Z., Gazi Kitabevi, Ankara, 73-97.
- Korkmaz, F. (1996). Bursa yöresi elit masa tenisçilerinin somatotiplerinin çabukluk ve dayanıklılıkla olan ilişkisinin araştırılması. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Uludağ Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bursa.
- Lees, A. (2003). Science and the major racket sports : A review. Journal of Sports Sciences, 21(9), 707–732. https://doi.org/10.1080/0264041031000140275
- Luna-Villouta, P., Felipe Castelli Corriea Campos, L., & Martinez, C. (2021). Anthropometric characterization and body composition of male and female elite tennis players in Chile. International Journal of Morphology, 39(1), 84–89.
- Martinez-Rodriguez, A., Collado Enrique, R., & Vicente-Salar, N. (2015). Body composition assessment of paddle and tennis adult male players. Nutricion Hospitalaria, 31(3), 1294–1301. https://doi.org/10.3305/nh.2015.31.3.8004
- Paswan, D. (2020). An analysis of selected kinanthropometric variables between badminton and tennis players : A detailed comparative approach. International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health, 7(4), 211–213.
- Poyraz, A., & Demirkan, A. Ç. (2011). Avrupa badminton takım şampiyonası’na katılan Türkiye, Avusturya, Belçika, Macaristan milli bayan sporcuların bazı fiziksel ve fizyolojik parametrelerinin karşılaştırılması. Selçuk Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilim Dergisi, 13(3), 330–339. https://doi.org/10.17155/spd.56155
- Pradas, F., De La Torre, A., Carrasco, L., Muñoz, D., Courel-Ibáñez, J., & Antonio González-Jurado, J. (2021). Anthropometric profiles in table tennis players: Analysis of sex, age, and ranking. Applied Science, 11(876), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11020
- Robertson, K., Pion, J., Mostaert, M., Wazir, M. R., Wazir, N., Kramer, T., Faber, I. R., Vansteenkiste, P., & Lenoir, M. (2018). A coaches’ perspective on the contribution of anthropometry , physical performance , and motor coordination in racquet sports. Journal of Sports Sciences, 36(23), 2706–2715. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2018.1441941
- Sansone, Pierpaolo, Makivic, B., Csapo, R., Hume, P., Martínez-Rodríguez, A., & Bauer, P. (2022). Body fat of basketball players: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine - Open, 8(26), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-022-00418-x
- Silva, A. M., Fields, D. A., & Sardinha, L. B. (2010). Body composition and power changes in elite judo athletes. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 31(10), 737–741. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1255115
- Siri, W. E. (1961). Body composition from fluid spaces and density: analysis of methods. In: Brozek, J., Henschel, A., eds. Techniques for measuring body composition. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences, 223-44.
- Söğüt, M., & Altunsoy, K. (2019). Türk genç milli tenis oyuncularının fiziksel ve morfolojik özelliklerinin servis hızı ile ilişkisi. Spor Hekimliği Dergisi, 54(1), 64–70. https://doi.org/10.5152/tjsm.2019.117
- Söğüt, M., Müniroğlu, R. S., & Deliceoğlu, G. (2004). Farklı kategorilerdeki genç erkek tenis oyuncularının antropometrik ve somatotip özelliklerinin incelenmesi. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(4), 155–162. https://doi.org/10.1501/sporm_0000000040
- Şenel, Ö., Atalay, N., & Çolakoğlu, F. F. (1998). Türk milli badminton takımının antropometrik, vücut kompozisyonu ve bazı performans özellikleri. Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(2), 15–20.
- Teunissen, J. W., Welle, S., Platvoet, S., Faber, I., Pion, J., & Lenoir, M. (2021). Similarities and differences between sports subserving systematic talent transfer and development : The case of paddle sports. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 24(2), 200–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2020.09.005
- Ubago-Guisado, E., García-Unanue, J., López-Fernández, J., & Gallardo, L. (2017). Association of different types of playing surfaces with bone mass in growing girls. Journal of Sports Sciences, 35(15), 1484–1492. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1223328
- Weatherwax-Fall, D. (2011). Body composition and its affect on the sports performance spectrum. The International Journal of Sports and Ethics, 1(1), 17–25.
- Yaprak, Y. (2020). A comparison of anaerobic performance of sub-elite tennis and badminton players. European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 6(3), 157-167. http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3784957
- Zaferanieh, A., Hossein, A., Seyed, H., Hosseini, A., Ali, K., & Emiliano, M. (2020). Effect of ballistic and power training on performance adaptations of élite table tennis players. Sport Sciences for Health, 17, 181-190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-020-00671-1
- Zagatto, A. M., Kondric, M., Knechtle, B., Theo, P., & Sperlich, B. (2018). Energetic demand and physical conditioning of table tennis players. A study review. Journal of Sports Sciences, 36(7), 724–731. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2017.1335957