TRIPS ANLAŞMASI İLE BİYOLOJİK ÇEŞİTLİLİK SÖZLEŞMESİ ÜZERİNE DEĞERLENDİRMELER

Year 2020, Issue: 1, 275 - 308, 18.02.2020

Sinan Misili

https://doi.org/10.33432/ybuhukuk.622998

Abstract

Doha Bakanlar Deklarasyonu 19. paragrafında, “DTÖ Ticaretle Bağlantılı Fikri Mülkiyet Hakları Anlaşması Konseyi’ne, çalışma programını takip ederken, TRIPS md. 27.3 (b) hükmünün gözden geçirilmesi de dahil, TRIPS Sözleşmesinin 71.1 maddesi uyarınca uygulanmasının gözden geçirilmesi ve işbu deklarasyonun 12. paragrafına göre öngörülen çalışmaları da inceleyerek, TRIPS anlaşması ile Biyolojik Çeşitlilik Sözleşmesi aralarındaki ilişkiyi, geleneksel bilgi ve folklörün korunmasını, ve madde 71.1 uyarınca üyeler tarafından ortaya konan yeni gelişmeleri inceleme talimatı” vermiştir. Bu talimatla birlikte, “TRIPS md. 27.3 (b) hükmünün”, “TRIPS anlaşması ile BÇS aralarındaki ilişkinin” ve “geleneksel bilgi ve folklörün korunması” başlıklarının gözden geçirilmesi süreci başlamıştır. Paragraf 19 ile üç ana görev verilmiş olduğu açıktır. İş bu çalışma TRIPS Konseyi içinde yer bulan TRIPS ile BÇS arasındaki ilişkiye dair çalışmaları inceleyip, tanımlayacaktır. Bu ilişkiyi incelerken, konu hakkında çok sayıda DTÖ üyesi tarafından yapılan ve sunulan, önemli tartışma ve önerilere odaklanılacaktır. İlk bölümde TRIPS ve BÇS, konu ile ilgili maddeleri ile birlikte incelenecektir. İkinci bölümde konu hakkında genel tartışmalar incelenecektir. Üçüncü bölümde özellikle önceden izin alınma konusu dahil, daha belirgin tartışmalara odaklanılacak ve üyeler arasındaki farklı yaklaşımlar görülebilecektir. İş bu çalışmada son olarak, TRIPS ile BÇS arasında bir çatışma veya uzlaşma ihtimali olup olmadığı sorusuna cevap aranılacaktır.

Keywords

Dünya Ticaret Örgütü (DTÖ), Ticaretle Bağlantılı Fikri Mülkiyet Hakları Anlaşması (TRIPS) Anlaşması, Biyolojik Çeşitlilik Sözleşmesi (BÇS), TRIPS ile BÇS arasındaki ilişki, Genetik Kaynaklar, Geleneksel Bilgi, Biyolojik Çeşitlilik, Önceden İzin Alma, Fikri Mülkiyet Hakları

ASSESSMENTS ON THE TRIPS AGREEMENT AND THE CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY

Abstract

Doha Ministerial Declaration (The Fourth Ministerial Conference of World Trade Organization (WTO), held on 9 – 14 November 2001, in Doha, Qatar) paragraph 19 instructs “the Council (of WTO) for Trade - Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), in pursuing its work programme including under the review of Article 27.3(b), the review of the implementation of the TRIPS Agreement under Article 71.1 and the work foreseen pursuant to paragraph 12 of this Declaration, to examine, inter alia, the relationship between TRIPS Agreement and the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the protection of traditional knowledge and folklore, and other relevant new developments raised by Members pursuant to Article 71.1”. With this instruction the works in WTO regarding the review of “the provisions of Article 27.3(b)”, “the relationship between the TRIPS Agreement and CBD”, and “the protection of traditional knowledge and folklore” started. It is clear that paragraph 19 has three mandates. This work will examine and describe the work in the TRIPS Council (Council) on the relationship between TRIPS and CBD. While examining the relationship, this work will be focused on the main arguments and proposals regarding the issue which are made and presented by the several WTO Members. In the first part of the work, TRIPS agreement and CBD with related articles regarding the issue will be examined. In the second part, general discussions on the issue will be examined. In the third part, more particular disscussions on the issue, especially on the point of prior informed consent, will be focused and different approachs between members will be seen. Lastly this work will seek an answer regarding whether there is any conflict between TRIPS and CBD or possibility of compromise.

Keywords

World Trade Organization (WTO), Trade - Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement, Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), The relationship between TRIPS and CBD, Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge, Biological Diversity, Prior Inform Consent, Intellectual Property Rights

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