Research Article
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Year 2022, , 268 - 294, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.1181104

Abstract

References

  • Abuhashesh, M., Al-Dmour, R. and Masa’deh, R.E. (2019) “Factors that affect Employees Job Satisfaction and Performance to Increase Customers’ Satisfactions”, Journal of Human Resources Management Research, Vol. 2019, 1-23.
  • Adil, M. S. (2015) “Strategic human resource management practices and competitive priorities of the manufacturing performance in Karachi”, Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management, 16(1), 37-61.
  • Anderson, D. L. (2020) “Organization Development: The Process of Leading Organizational Change” (5th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Inc.
  • Asaari, M. H. A. H., Desa, N. M., and Subramaniam, L. (2019) “Influence of salary, promotion, and recognition toward work motivation among government trade agency employees”, International Journal of Business and Management, 14(4), 48-59.
  • Alshmemri, Maude, and Phillip, (2017) “Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory”, Life Sci J, 14(5):12-16].
  • Band, G., Shah, N. V., & Sriram, R. (2016) “Herzberg Two Factor Theory among the Management Faculty in Nagpur city”, International Conference on Management and Information Systems, 23, 13-21.
  • Baser, B., & Korkmaz, E. E. (2018) “Is Turkey really facing an ‘exodus’? It’s not that simple”, The Conversation, 6.
  • Best, J. W. & Kahn, J. V. (2017), “Research Methods in Education”, Pearson; Tenth edition, UK. 
  • Braun, S., Peus, C., Weisweiler, S., and Frey, D. (2013) “Transformational leadership, job satisfaction, and team performance: A multilevel mediation model of trust”, The Leadership Quarterly, 24(1), 270-283.
  • Buble, M., Juras, A., & Matić, I. (2014) “The Relationship between Managers’ Leadership Styles and Motivation”, Management, 19 (1), 161-193. 
  • Chatterjee, P. (2016) “Organizational Stress, Job Satisfaction and Employee Mental Health: A Comparative Analysis Among the Banking and I.T. Professionals”, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 5(2), 1-16.
  • Chiat, L. C., and Panatik, S. A. (2019) “Perceptions of employee turnover intention by Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory: A systematic literature review”, Journal of Research in Psychology, 1(2), 10-15.
  • Christensen, L.B., Johnson, R. B. and Turner, L. A. (2015) “Research Methods, Design, and Analysis”, Pearson; twelve edition, UK. 
  • Cloutier, O., Felusiak, L., Hill, C., and Pemberton-Jones, E. J. (2015) “The importance of developing strategies for employee retention. Journal of Leadership”, Accountability & Ethics, 12(2).
  • Dahie, A. M., Jim’ale, M. M., and Ali, A. Y. S. (2015) “Employee motivation and organizational performance: Empirical evidence from secondary schools in Mogadishu-Somalia”, Academic Research International, 6(5), 69-83.
  • DiCicco‐Bloom, B., and Crabtree, B. F. (2006) “The qualitative research interview”, Medical education, 40(4), 314-321.
  • Drosos, D., Tsotsolas, N., Zagga, A., Chalikias, M. and Skordoulis, M. (2015) “Multicriteria Satisfaction Analysis Application in The Health Care Sector”, In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on ICT in Agriculture, Food and Environment (HAICTA 2015). Kavala, Athens, 737-754.
  • Eddles-Hirch, K. (2015) “Phenomenology and educational research”, International Journal of Advanced Research, 3(8), 251-260.
  • Edrak, B. B., Yin-Fah, B. C., Gharleghi, B., and Seng, T. K. (2013) “The effectiveness of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: A study of Malaysian Amway company’s direct sales forces », International Journal of Business and Social Science, 4(9), 96-103.
  • Eriş, E. D., Özmen, Ö. N. T., and Bayam, B. Y. (2020) “Is Blue-White Collar Era Over? An Overview About Alternative Collar Colors in Workplace”, Journal of Yaşar University, 15(58), 259-269.
  • Etikan, I. and Bala, K. (2017) “Sampling and sampling methods”, Biometrics & Biostatistics International Journal, 5(6), 00149.
  • Gray, A. (2014), “Making leadership talent for the future”, Fairfield County Business Journal, 49(18), 13.
  • Hee, O. C., Ong, S. H., Ping, L. L., Kowang, T. O., and Fei, G. C. (2019) “Factors Influencing Job Satisfaction in the Higher Learning Institutions in Malaysia”, International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 9(2), 10-20.
  • Herzberg, F., Mausner, B., and Snyderman, B. B. (1959) “The motivation to work” (2nd ed.). New York: John Wiley and Sons Inc.
  • Hoseyni, S. N., Mirzaei, M., Faryabi, R., Mokhtari Ardekan, A. M., Shaker Ardekani, M., and Mirzaei Alavijeh, M. (2014) “Effective factors in job motivation of faculty members in Shahid Sadoughi University of medical sciences: an application of Herzberg’s motivation theory”, Iranian Journal of Medical Education, 13(12), 1040-1050.
  • Ibrahim, R. Z. A. R., Ohtsuka, K., Dagang, M. M., and Bakar, A. A. (2014) “Job satisfaction among Malaysian employees: An application of Spector’s Job Satisfaction Survey in the South East Asian context”, Jurnal Pengurusan, 41, 69-79.
  • Kaliski, B.S. (2007) “Encyclopedia of Business and Finance”, Second edition, Thompson Gale, Detroit, p. 446.
  • Karakuş, K. Cevahircioğlu, B. and Arı, E. (2021) “Determination of the Correlation Between Sports Managers’ Strategic Leadership Characteristics and Employees’ Job Satisfaction”, J Int Anatolia Sport Sci . 2021; 6(1): 20-32.
  • Kümbetoğlu, B. (2005) “Sosyolojide ve antropolojide niteliksel yöntem ve araştırma” [Qualitative method and research in sociology and anthropology] Ankara: Bağlam Yayıncılık.
  • Lee, J. Y., and Lee, M. H. (2020) “A study on calling, resillence, leader-member exchange and nursing work environment of nurses in small and medium sized hospital”, Journal of Digital Convergence, 18(2), 313-321.
  • Lee, J. Y., and Lee, M. H. (2022) “Structural Model of Retention Intention of Nurses in Small-and Medium-Sized Hospitals: Based on Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory“, In Healthcare, 10(3), 502.
  • Maia, T. (2011) “Examination of Herzberg two-factor motivational theory of mid-level managers and employees impact on job satisfaction and retention in a sales organization”, Doctoral dissertation, Capella University.
  • McNabb, N.S. (2009) “The Daily Floggings Will Continue until Morale Improves: An Examination of the Relationships among Organizational Justice, Job Satisfaction”, Organizational Commitment and Intention to Turnover. University of Oklahoma.
  • Merriam, S. B., and Tisdell, E. J. (2015) “Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation”, John Wiley & Sons.
  • Naeem, N. (2013) “Impact of organizational culture and promotional policies on employee job satisfaction: The Case of Pakistan”, Journal of Business and Finance, 1(2), 63-68
  • Nanayakkara, M.K.N.P., and Dayarathna, N.W.K.D.K. (2016) “Application of Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory of Motivation to Identify Turnover Intention of the Non-Executive Level Employees in Selected Super Markets in Colombo”, Sri Lanka. Human Resource Management Journal, 4(1), 27-39.
  • Norizan, I. (2012) “Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction among Staff of Higher Learning Education Institutions in Kelantan”, Universiti Utara Malaysia.
  • Omondi, C. (2015) “Parent-subsidiary relationship and how it affects performance in Telkom Kenya” , Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi.
  • Ostroff, C. (1992) The Relationship between Satisfaction, Attitudes, and Performance: An Organizational Level Analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77, 963- 974.
  • Öngel, G. and Gerni, G. M. (2021) “Effects of Work-Family Conflict of Health Workers on Organizational Commitment, Job Satisfaction and Intention to Leave”. Atatürk University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 35(2), 667-695.
  • Patic. (2016) “Human Communication and Effective Interpersonal Relationships: An Analysis of Client Counseling and Emotional Stability. School of Education”, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
  • Rachman, M. M. (2017) “The Influence of Work Culture on Job Satisfaction and Performance: A Study on Employees of Bank Satim in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia”, European Journal of Business and Management, 9, 30-39.
  • Rahman, W., Rahman, H., and Ali, F. (2015) “Interrelationship of employee development, Organizational commitment, Job Satisfaction and their impact on turnover intentions”, City University Research Journal, 5(2), 301-314.
  • Republic of Estonia E-Residency (2021) “Work in Estonia”, Retrieved from https://learn.e-resident.gov.ee/hc/en-us/articles/360000630357-Work-in-Estonia- 06.05.2022.
  • Rosli, B. M. A., Zain, M. H. B. M., and Hashim, M. N. B. (2018) ”Examining The Relationship of Herzberg Two-Factor”, Malay, 153, 90-5.
  • Rozkwitalska, M. and Basinska, B. A. (2015) “Job satisfaction in the multicultural environment of multinational corporations: Using the positive approach to empower organizational success”, Baltic Journal of Management, 10(3), 366-387.
  • Sanusi, A., Sulaiman, F., Andrysyah, A., Husna, A., and Rianda, S. (2019) “The Effect of Implementation Electronic Performance Management (MKE) on Employee Achievement of PT”, Indonesia Port I Belawan Branch. In ICASI 2019: Proceedings of The 2nd International Conference On Advance And Scientific Innovation, ICASI 2019, 18 July, Banda Aceh, Indonesia (p. 15). European Alliance for Innovation.
  • Sempane, M., Rieger, H. and Roodt, G. (2002) “Job satisfaction in relation to organisational culture", South African Journal of Industrial Psychology, 28(2): 23–30.
  • Shkolnikova, M., Yugay, M., and Pankevich, V. (2017) “Comparative study of physicians’ job satisfaction levels in the public and the private sectors in Russia”, Open Journal of Social Sciences, 5(08), 101.
  • Singhai, M. (2016) "International science community association”, Mini Review Paper., Research Journal of Management, 5(9), 66–68.
  • Sungur, T. (2016) “The Relation Between The Job Satisfaction And Burnout Levels In Academic Personnel And A Research”, Master’s Thesis, Beykent University, Social Sciences Institution
  • Tokatlioğlu, T. (2016) “Examination of The Relationship Between Preschool Workers' Job Satisfaction, Wage Expectation, Total Term of Employment, Age Groups And Their Burnout Levels”, Master’s Thesis, Beykent University, Social Sciences Institution
  • Vroom, V.H. (1964) “Work and motivation”, John Wiley and Sons, New York.
  • Wahjono, S. I., Marina, A., Perumal, S. D. A. P. and Wardhana, A. (2016), “The impact of performance appraisal on job satisfaction with quality of supervisor-employee as a moderating variable at state owned company”, International Journal of Advanced Scientific Research and Development, 3(4), 224-237.
  • Work in Estonia. (2015) “Companies in Estonia Find Ethnic Diversity Profitable”, Retrieved from https://www.workinestonia.com/estonian-companies-find-ethnic-diversity-profitable/ 01.03.2022.
  • Yenihan, B. (2014) “The Relationship Between Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction”, Karabük University Journal of Social Sciences Institution, 4(2), 170-178.
  • Yıldırım, A., & Simsek, H. (2005) “Qualitative Research Methods In Social Sciences”, (5th ed.). Ankara: Seçkin Publications.
  • Yücel, I. (2012) “Examining the Relationships among Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, and Turnover Intention: An Empirical Study”, International Journal of Business and Management, 7, 44-58.

HOW SATISFIED ARE THE WHITE-COLLAR TURKS WORKING IN TALLINN: A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

Year 2022, , 268 - 294, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.1181104

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to investigate job satisfaction of Turkish white-collar employees and to determine how multicultural companies in Tallinn satisfy their employees in the context of the Two-Factor Theory of Herzberg and location. To attain this purpose, we explore the job satisfaction of Turkish white-collar employees living in Tallinn. We used a semi-structured framework with in-depth interviews that included open and closed-ended questions based on a review of the literature. Snowball sampling was used in the selection of the interviewees and the sample was selected according to the job titles suitable for the definition of white-collar employee. Ten interviews with Turkish white-collar employees from six different multicultural firms were conducted. Our findings indicate that salary and supervision were shown to be crucial in enhancing Turkish white-collar employees' job satisfaction, according to the findings, based on Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory. White-collar employees expect good guidance and effective supervision from their managers, and a good salary has been shown to increase their job satisfaction.

References

  • Abuhashesh, M., Al-Dmour, R. and Masa’deh, R.E. (2019) “Factors that affect Employees Job Satisfaction and Performance to Increase Customers’ Satisfactions”, Journal of Human Resources Management Research, Vol. 2019, 1-23.
  • Adil, M. S. (2015) “Strategic human resource management practices and competitive priorities of the manufacturing performance in Karachi”, Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management, 16(1), 37-61.
  • Anderson, D. L. (2020) “Organization Development: The Process of Leading Organizational Change” (5th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Inc.
  • Asaari, M. H. A. H., Desa, N. M., and Subramaniam, L. (2019) “Influence of salary, promotion, and recognition toward work motivation among government trade agency employees”, International Journal of Business and Management, 14(4), 48-59.
  • Alshmemri, Maude, and Phillip, (2017) “Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory”, Life Sci J, 14(5):12-16].
  • Band, G., Shah, N. V., & Sriram, R. (2016) “Herzberg Two Factor Theory among the Management Faculty in Nagpur city”, International Conference on Management and Information Systems, 23, 13-21.
  • Baser, B., & Korkmaz, E. E. (2018) “Is Turkey really facing an ‘exodus’? It’s not that simple”, The Conversation, 6.
  • Best, J. W. & Kahn, J. V. (2017), “Research Methods in Education”, Pearson; Tenth edition, UK. 
  • Braun, S., Peus, C., Weisweiler, S., and Frey, D. (2013) “Transformational leadership, job satisfaction, and team performance: A multilevel mediation model of trust”, The Leadership Quarterly, 24(1), 270-283.
  • Buble, M., Juras, A., & Matić, I. (2014) “The Relationship between Managers’ Leadership Styles and Motivation”, Management, 19 (1), 161-193. 
  • Chatterjee, P. (2016) “Organizational Stress, Job Satisfaction and Employee Mental Health: A Comparative Analysis Among the Banking and I.T. Professionals”, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 5(2), 1-16.
  • Chiat, L. C., and Panatik, S. A. (2019) “Perceptions of employee turnover intention by Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory: A systematic literature review”, Journal of Research in Psychology, 1(2), 10-15.
  • Christensen, L.B., Johnson, R. B. and Turner, L. A. (2015) “Research Methods, Design, and Analysis”, Pearson; twelve edition, UK. 
  • Cloutier, O., Felusiak, L., Hill, C., and Pemberton-Jones, E. J. (2015) “The importance of developing strategies for employee retention. Journal of Leadership”, Accountability & Ethics, 12(2).
  • Dahie, A. M., Jim’ale, M. M., and Ali, A. Y. S. (2015) “Employee motivation and organizational performance: Empirical evidence from secondary schools in Mogadishu-Somalia”, Academic Research International, 6(5), 69-83.
  • DiCicco‐Bloom, B., and Crabtree, B. F. (2006) “The qualitative research interview”, Medical education, 40(4), 314-321.
  • Drosos, D., Tsotsolas, N., Zagga, A., Chalikias, M. and Skordoulis, M. (2015) “Multicriteria Satisfaction Analysis Application in The Health Care Sector”, In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on ICT in Agriculture, Food and Environment (HAICTA 2015). Kavala, Athens, 737-754.
  • Eddles-Hirch, K. (2015) “Phenomenology and educational research”, International Journal of Advanced Research, 3(8), 251-260.
  • Edrak, B. B., Yin-Fah, B. C., Gharleghi, B., and Seng, T. K. (2013) “The effectiveness of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: A study of Malaysian Amway company’s direct sales forces », International Journal of Business and Social Science, 4(9), 96-103.
  • Eriş, E. D., Özmen, Ö. N. T., and Bayam, B. Y. (2020) “Is Blue-White Collar Era Over? An Overview About Alternative Collar Colors in Workplace”, Journal of Yaşar University, 15(58), 259-269.
  • Etikan, I. and Bala, K. (2017) “Sampling and sampling methods”, Biometrics & Biostatistics International Journal, 5(6), 00149.
  • Gray, A. (2014), “Making leadership talent for the future”, Fairfield County Business Journal, 49(18), 13.
  • Hee, O. C., Ong, S. H., Ping, L. L., Kowang, T. O., and Fei, G. C. (2019) “Factors Influencing Job Satisfaction in the Higher Learning Institutions in Malaysia”, International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 9(2), 10-20.
  • Herzberg, F., Mausner, B., and Snyderman, B. B. (1959) “The motivation to work” (2nd ed.). New York: John Wiley and Sons Inc.
  • Hoseyni, S. N., Mirzaei, M., Faryabi, R., Mokhtari Ardekan, A. M., Shaker Ardekani, M., and Mirzaei Alavijeh, M. (2014) “Effective factors in job motivation of faculty members in Shahid Sadoughi University of medical sciences: an application of Herzberg’s motivation theory”, Iranian Journal of Medical Education, 13(12), 1040-1050.
  • Ibrahim, R. Z. A. R., Ohtsuka, K., Dagang, M. M., and Bakar, A. A. (2014) “Job satisfaction among Malaysian employees: An application of Spector’s Job Satisfaction Survey in the South East Asian context”, Jurnal Pengurusan, 41, 69-79.
  • Kaliski, B.S. (2007) “Encyclopedia of Business and Finance”, Second edition, Thompson Gale, Detroit, p. 446.
  • Karakuş, K. Cevahircioğlu, B. and Arı, E. (2021) “Determination of the Correlation Between Sports Managers’ Strategic Leadership Characteristics and Employees’ Job Satisfaction”, J Int Anatolia Sport Sci . 2021; 6(1): 20-32.
  • Kümbetoğlu, B. (2005) “Sosyolojide ve antropolojide niteliksel yöntem ve araştırma” [Qualitative method and research in sociology and anthropology] Ankara: Bağlam Yayıncılık.
  • Lee, J. Y., and Lee, M. H. (2020) “A study on calling, resillence, leader-member exchange and nursing work environment of nurses in small and medium sized hospital”, Journal of Digital Convergence, 18(2), 313-321.
  • Lee, J. Y., and Lee, M. H. (2022) “Structural Model of Retention Intention of Nurses in Small-and Medium-Sized Hospitals: Based on Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory“, In Healthcare, 10(3), 502.
  • Maia, T. (2011) “Examination of Herzberg two-factor motivational theory of mid-level managers and employees impact on job satisfaction and retention in a sales organization”, Doctoral dissertation, Capella University.
  • McNabb, N.S. (2009) “The Daily Floggings Will Continue until Morale Improves: An Examination of the Relationships among Organizational Justice, Job Satisfaction”, Organizational Commitment and Intention to Turnover. University of Oklahoma.
  • Merriam, S. B., and Tisdell, E. J. (2015) “Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation”, John Wiley & Sons.
  • Naeem, N. (2013) “Impact of organizational culture and promotional policies on employee job satisfaction: The Case of Pakistan”, Journal of Business and Finance, 1(2), 63-68
  • Nanayakkara, M.K.N.P., and Dayarathna, N.W.K.D.K. (2016) “Application of Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory of Motivation to Identify Turnover Intention of the Non-Executive Level Employees in Selected Super Markets in Colombo”, Sri Lanka. Human Resource Management Journal, 4(1), 27-39.
  • Norizan, I. (2012) “Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction among Staff of Higher Learning Education Institutions in Kelantan”, Universiti Utara Malaysia.
  • Omondi, C. (2015) “Parent-subsidiary relationship and how it affects performance in Telkom Kenya” , Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi.
  • Ostroff, C. (1992) The Relationship between Satisfaction, Attitudes, and Performance: An Organizational Level Analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77, 963- 974.
  • Öngel, G. and Gerni, G. M. (2021) “Effects of Work-Family Conflict of Health Workers on Organizational Commitment, Job Satisfaction and Intention to Leave”. Atatürk University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 35(2), 667-695.
  • Patic. (2016) “Human Communication and Effective Interpersonal Relationships: An Analysis of Client Counseling and Emotional Stability. School of Education”, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
  • Rachman, M. M. (2017) “The Influence of Work Culture on Job Satisfaction and Performance: A Study on Employees of Bank Satim in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia”, European Journal of Business and Management, 9, 30-39.
  • Rahman, W., Rahman, H., and Ali, F. (2015) “Interrelationship of employee development, Organizational commitment, Job Satisfaction and their impact on turnover intentions”, City University Research Journal, 5(2), 301-314.
  • Republic of Estonia E-Residency (2021) “Work in Estonia”, Retrieved from https://learn.e-resident.gov.ee/hc/en-us/articles/360000630357-Work-in-Estonia- 06.05.2022.
  • Rosli, B. M. A., Zain, M. H. B. M., and Hashim, M. N. B. (2018) ”Examining The Relationship of Herzberg Two-Factor”, Malay, 153, 90-5.
  • Rozkwitalska, M. and Basinska, B. A. (2015) “Job satisfaction in the multicultural environment of multinational corporations: Using the positive approach to empower organizational success”, Baltic Journal of Management, 10(3), 366-387.
  • Sanusi, A., Sulaiman, F., Andrysyah, A., Husna, A., and Rianda, S. (2019) “The Effect of Implementation Electronic Performance Management (MKE) on Employee Achievement of PT”, Indonesia Port I Belawan Branch. In ICASI 2019: Proceedings of The 2nd International Conference On Advance And Scientific Innovation, ICASI 2019, 18 July, Banda Aceh, Indonesia (p. 15). European Alliance for Innovation.
  • Sempane, M., Rieger, H. and Roodt, G. (2002) “Job satisfaction in relation to organisational culture", South African Journal of Industrial Psychology, 28(2): 23–30.
  • Shkolnikova, M., Yugay, M., and Pankevich, V. (2017) “Comparative study of physicians’ job satisfaction levels in the public and the private sectors in Russia”, Open Journal of Social Sciences, 5(08), 101.
  • Singhai, M. (2016) "International science community association”, Mini Review Paper., Research Journal of Management, 5(9), 66–68.
  • Sungur, T. (2016) “The Relation Between The Job Satisfaction And Burnout Levels In Academic Personnel And A Research”, Master’s Thesis, Beykent University, Social Sciences Institution
  • Tokatlioğlu, T. (2016) “Examination of The Relationship Between Preschool Workers' Job Satisfaction, Wage Expectation, Total Term of Employment, Age Groups And Their Burnout Levels”, Master’s Thesis, Beykent University, Social Sciences Institution
  • Vroom, V.H. (1964) “Work and motivation”, John Wiley and Sons, New York.
  • Wahjono, S. I., Marina, A., Perumal, S. D. A. P. and Wardhana, A. (2016), “The impact of performance appraisal on job satisfaction with quality of supervisor-employee as a moderating variable at state owned company”, International Journal of Advanced Scientific Research and Development, 3(4), 224-237.
  • Work in Estonia. (2015) “Companies in Estonia Find Ethnic Diversity Profitable”, Retrieved from https://www.workinestonia.com/estonian-companies-find-ethnic-diversity-profitable/ 01.03.2022.
  • Yenihan, B. (2014) “The Relationship Between Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction”, Karabük University Journal of Social Sciences Institution, 4(2), 170-178.
  • Yıldırım, A., & Simsek, H. (2005) “Qualitative Research Methods In Social Sciences”, (5th ed.). Ankara: Seçkin Publications.
  • Yücel, I. (2012) “Examining the Relationships among Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, and Turnover Intention: An Empirical Study”, International Journal of Business and Management, 7, 44-58.
There are 58 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Finance
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Alkım Koçak 0000-0001-7151-4250

Publication Date December 31, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

APA Koçak, A. (2022). HOW SATISFIED ARE THE WHITE-COLLAR TURKS WORKING IN TALLINN: A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH. Yönetim Ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 20(4), 268-294. https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.1181104
AMA Koçak A. HOW SATISFIED ARE THE WHITE-COLLAR TURKS WORKING IN TALLINN: A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi. December 2022;20(4):268-294. doi:10.11611/yead.1181104
Chicago Koçak, Alkım. “HOW SATISFIED ARE THE WHITE-COLLAR TURKS WORKING IN TALLINN: A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH”. Yönetim Ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi 20, no. 4 (December 2022): 268-94. https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.1181104.
EndNote Koçak A (December 1, 2022) HOW SATISFIED ARE THE WHITE-COLLAR TURKS WORKING IN TALLINN: A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi 20 4 268–294.
IEEE A. Koçak, “HOW SATISFIED ARE THE WHITE-COLLAR TURKS WORKING IN TALLINN: A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH”, Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 268–294, 2022, doi: 10.11611/yead.1181104.
ISNAD Koçak, Alkım. “HOW SATISFIED ARE THE WHITE-COLLAR TURKS WORKING IN TALLINN: A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH”. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi 20/4 (December 2022), 268-294. https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.1181104.
JAMA Koçak A. HOW SATISFIED ARE THE WHITE-COLLAR TURKS WORKING IN TALLINN: A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2022;20:268–294.
MLA Koçak, Alkım. “HOW SATISFIED ARE THE WHITE-COLLAR TURKS WORKING IN TALLINN: A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH”. Yönetim Ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 20, no. 4, 2022, pp. 268-94, doi:10.11611/yead.1181104.
Vancouver Koçak A. HOW SATISFIED ARE THE WHITE-COLLAR TURKS WORKING IN TALLINN: A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2022;20(4):268-94.