ALCOHOL, CRIME AND SUICIDE: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM OECD COUNTRIES

Year 2018, , 255 - 263, 30.09.2018

Macide Artaç Özdal , Zeynep Kırıkkaleli

https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.448267

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Alcohol, a legal psychoactive substance in many
countries, is associated with both physical and mental wellbeing. Besides
diseases, such as liver cirrhosis, cardiovascular diseases, digestive system
cancers, alcohol has been shown to be associated with a number of social
problems, involving crime and suicide. This study aimed to investigate the long-run
and causal linkages between suicide, alcohol and crime for 15 OECD countries.
Panel co-integration, FMOLS, DOLS, and the Panel Granger causality tests were
implemented. The empirical findings revealed that (i) there is a positive
linkage between alcohol consumption and crime rate and between crime rate and
suicide rate in the long run ;(ii) there is also feedback causality between
alcohol consumption and crime rate and between crime rate and suicide rate.

Keywords

OECD Countries, Alcohol, Crime, Suicide, Panel Cointegration

ALKOL, SUÇ VE İNTİHAR: OECD ÜLKELERİN’DEN DENEYSEL KANITLAR

Abstract

Birçok ülkede yasal bir pisikoaktif madde olan alkol
hem fiziksel hem de mental sağlıkla ilişkilidir. Alkol, karaciğer sirozu,
kardiyovasküler hastalıklar, sindirim sistemi kanserleri gibi fiziksel
hastalıklar dışında, suça teşebbüs ve intihar gibi birçok sosyal problem de
neden olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu çalışma, 15 OECD (Avrupa Ekonomik İşbirliği
Örgütü) ülkesinde intihar, alkol ve suç oranlarının uzun süreli ve nedensel
ilişkisini çalışmayı amaçlamıştır. İntihar, alkol ve suç oranları verileri
Panel Eşbütünleşme, FMOLS, DOLS, ve Panel Granger Nedensellik analizleri
kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda elde edilen bulgular
göstermiştir ki: (i) alkol tüketimi ve suç oranları ve suç oranları ve intihar
oranları arasında uzun süreli pozitif yönde bir ilişki; (ii) alkol tüketimi ve
suç oranları , ve suç oranları ve intihar oranları arasında geribildirim
nedenselliği vardır.  

Keywords

OECD Ülkeleri, Alkol, Suç, İntihar, Panel Eşbütünleşme

References

• Bills, C.B. & Li, G., (2005). Correlating homicide and suicide. International journal of Epidemiology 34(4):837-845.
• Carpender, C. & Dobkin, C., (2015). The Minimum Legal Drinking Age and Crime. Review of Economic Statistics, 97(2): 521-524.
• Cherpitel, C.J., (1994). Alcohol and injuries resulting from violence: A review of emergency room studies. Addiction 89(2):157–165.
• Cherpitel, C.J., (1997) Alcohol and violence-related injuries in the emergency room. In: Galanter, M.,ed. Recent Developments in Alcoholism. Vol. 13. Alcohol and Violence: Epidemiology, Neurobiology, Psychology, and Family Issues. New York, NY: Plenum Press:105–118.
• Choi, I. (2001). Unit root tests for panel data. Journal of international money and Finance, 20(2):249-272.
• Collins, J. J., & Messerschmidt, P. M. (1993). Epidemiology of alcohol-related violence. Alcohol Health & Research World, 17(2): 93-100.
• Deehan, A. Alcohol and Crime: Taking stock. Policing and Reducing Crime Units. Crime Reduction Research Series Paper 3. Home Office Policing and Reducing Crime Unit. Research, Development and Statistics Directorate, London.
• Dickey, D. A., & Fuller, W. A. (1979). Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Journal of the American statistical association, 74(366a): 427-431.
• Dickey, D. A., & Fuller, W. A. (1981). Likelihood ratio statistics for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 1057-1072.
• Greenfeld, L.A., (1998) Alcohol and Crime: An Analysis of National Data on the Prevalence of Alcohol Involvement in Crime. Report prepared for Assistant Attorney General’s National Symposium on Alcohol Abuse and Crime. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice.
• Hasin, D.S., Stinson, F.S., Ogburn, E., Grant, B.F, (2007). Prevalence, Correlates, Disability and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Alcohol Abuse and Dependence in the United States: Results From the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 64(7):830-842.
• Hufford, M.R., (2001). Alcohol and Suicidal Behaviour. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 21(5): 797-811
• Im, K.S., Pesaran, M.H., and Shin, Y. (2003). Testing for unit roots in heterogeneous panels. Journal of Econometrics, 115(1):53-74.
• Jacobs, J. (1998) The Links between Substance Misuse and Domestic Violence: Current Knowledge and Debates. London: Alcohol Concern / I S D D.
• Johnston, L. D., O’Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., & Schulenberg, J. E. (2004) National Survey Results on Drug Use from the Monitoring the Future Study, 1975–2003. Vol. 1: Secondary School Students. Vol. 2: College Students and Adults Ages 19–45. NIH Publications 04-5507 and 04-5508. National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD
• Kao, C. (1999). Spurious regression and residual-based tests for cointegration in panel data. Journal of Econometrics, 90(1):1-44.
• Kirikkaleli, D. (2016). Interlinkage between economic, financial, and political risks in the Balkan countries: Evidence from a panel cointegration. Eastern European Economics, 54(3): 208-227.
• Kirikkaleli, D., Sokri, A., Candemir, M., & Ertugrul, H. M. (2018). Panel cointegration: Long-run relationship between internet, electricity consumption and economic growth. Evidence from OECD countries. Investigación económica, 77(303): 161-176.
• Levin, A., Lin, C.F., and Chu, C.S.J. (2002). Unit root tests in panel data: Asymptotic and finite-sample properties. Journal of Econometrics, 108(1):1-24.
• Markowitz S., (2005). Alcohol, Drugs and Violent Crime. Int. Rev. Law and Econ. 25:20–44
• Markowitz S., Nesson E., Poe-Yamagata E., Florence C., Roberts T., Link S.B., (2012). Estimating the Relationship between Alcohol Policies and Criminal Violence and Victimization. Ger. Econ Rev. 13(4): 416-435. doi:10.3386/w17918
• Pedroni, P. (1999). Critical values for cointegration tests in heterogeneous panels with multiple regressors. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and statistics, 61(S1), pp. 653-670.
• Phillips, P. C., & Perron, P. (1988). Testing for a unit root in time series regression. Biometrika, 75(2), 335-346.
• Sung H, 2016. Alcohol and Crime. The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology.
• Vijayakumar L., Kumar M.S., Vijayakumar V., (2011). Substance use and suicide. Curr. Opin. Psychiatry. 24: 197-202.
• World Health Organization (2014). Preventing suicide: A global imperative. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
• World Health Organization, (2018). Suicide data. Geneva. [Online] URL: http://www.who.int/mental_health/prevention/suicide/suicideprevent/en/ [World Health Organization, 21st June 2018]
• Yorucu, V., & Kirikkaleli, D. (2017). Empirical Modeling of Education Expenditures for Balkans: Evidence from Panel FMOLS and DOLS Estimations. Revista de Cercetare si Interventie Sociala, 56.