Year 2024,
Volume: 22 Issue: 3, 67 - 90, 03.10.2024
Osman Kurter
,
Ümmet Aydan
References
- Abeyrathna, G. and Pathirana, K. P. P. I. (2022) “A Study on Career Preferences of Generation Z (Special Reference to HNDA Undergraduates of Advanced Technological Institute-Kegalle)”, Journal of Academic Session, Advanced Technological Institute-Kegalle.
- Aktan, C. C. (2011) "Organizasyonlarda Değişim Yönetimi: Değişim Mühendisliği", Organizasyon ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(1), Pp. 67-78.
- Alıcı, A. (2007) "Hayata Yön Veren Sözler", İstanbul: Epsilon.
- Aristoteles. (1996) "Metafizik," (P. D. Arslan, Trans.) İstanbul: Sosyal Yayınlar.
- Bencsik, A., Horváth-Csikós, G. and Juhász, T. (2016) "Y and Z Generations at Workplaces", Journal of Competitiveness, 8(3), Pp. 90-106.
- Baruch, Y. (2004) "Transforming Careers: From Linear to Multidirectional Career Paths: Organizational and Individual Perspectives", Career Development International, 9(1), Pp. 58-73.
- Berkup, S. B. (2014) "Working with Generations X and Y in Generation Z Period: Management of Different Generations in Business Life", Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5(19), Pp. 218-229.
- Bickel, J. and Brown, A. J. (2005) "Generation X: Implications for Faculty Recruitment and Development in Academic Health Centers", Academic Medicine, 80(3), Pp. 205-210.
- Bowman, D. and Kimberley, H. (2011) "Sidelined! Workforce Participation and Non-Participation Among Baby Boomers in Australia", Brotherhood of St Laurence, Fitzroy, Vic.T, Pp.1-37.
- Eisner, S. P. (2005) "Managing Generation Y", SAM Advanced Management Journal, 70(4), Pp. 4-15.
- Fernandes, S. R. P., Das Graças Torres Da Paz, M., Carneiro, L. L. and Mascarenhas, T. F. (2017) "Life And Career Planning: Current Challenges", Organizational Psychology and Evidence-Based Management: What Science Says About Practice, Pp. 103-120.
- Fodor, M., Jaeckel, K. and SZILAGYI, T. P. (2017) "Proper Motivation Tools, Features of a Preferred and Non-Preferred Workplace from the Aspect of Generation Z Based on a Quantitative Research Results", International Journal on Lifelong Education and Leadership, 3(1), Pp. 25-32.
- Gibson, J. W., Greenwood, R. A. and Murphy, E. F., Jr. (2009) "Generational Differences in the Workplace: Personal Values, Behaviors, and Popular Beliefs", Journal of Diversity Management, 4(3), Pp. 1–8.
- Grishaeva, S., Beregovskaya, T. and Smbatyan, S. (2023) "Generation Z Is the First “Digital” Generation in the Labor Market", CSIT Conference 2023, Yerevan, Armenia, September 25 - 30, Pp. 275-278.
- Harriet, E., N. (2022) "The Implication of Career Development Theories for Guidance Counselors", International Journal of Research in Education Humanities and Commerce, 3(5), Pp. 53-61.
- Henry, J. W. (1994) "The Service Employee′ S Pivotal Role in Organizational Success", Journal of Services Marketing, 8(4), Pp. 25-35.
- Igel, C. and Urquhart, V. (2012) "Generation Z, Meet Cooperative Learning: Properly Implemented Cooperative Learning Strategies Can Increase Student Engagement and Achievement", Middle School Journal, 43(4), Pp. 16-21.
- Iorgulescu, M. C. (2016) "Generation Z and Its Perception of Work", Cross-Cultural Management Journal, 18(01), Pp. 47-54.
- Jones, V., Jo, J. and Martin, P. (2007, February) "Future Schools and How Technology Can Be Used to Support Millennial and Generation-Z Students", in ICUT 2007 (Proc. B), 1st Int. Conf. Ubiquitous Information Technology, Pp. 12-14.
- Kirchmayer, Z. and Fratričová, J. (2020) "What Motivates Generation Z at Work? Insights into Motivation Drivers of Business Students in Slovakia", Proceedings of the Innovation Management and Education Excellence Through Vision, Pp. 6019, 6030.
- Kotter, J. P. (1995) "Leading Change: Why Transformation Efforts Fail", Harvard Business Review, Pp. 59-67.
- Kotter, J. P. (2012) "Leading Change", Boston, Massachusetts: Harvard Business Review Press.
- Kuşlu, H. (2012) "Çelişmezlik İlkesi Bağlamında Aristoteles’in Sofizme Bakışı", Felsefe Dünyası, 1(55), Pp. 274-292.
- Lalić, D., Stanković, J., Bošković, D. and Milić, B. (2019, July) "Career Expectations of Generation Z", In International Joint Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, Pp. 52-59. Cham: Springer International Publishing.
- Lemy, D. M. (2016) "The Effect of Green Hotel Practices on Service Quality: The Gen Z Perspective", Pp. 9-13. Taylor and Francis, London.
- Lieber, L. D. (2010) "How HR Can Assist in Managing the Four Generations in Today’s Workplace", Employment Relations Today, 36(4), Pp. 85-91.
- Lipkin, N.A. and Perrymore, A.J. (2009) "Y in the Workplace", The Career Press, Franklin Lakes, NJ.
- Lo Presti, A., Manuti, A., De Rosa, A. and Elia, A. (2022) "Developing a Sustainable Career Through Discourse : A Qualitative Study on a Group of Italian Project Managers", International Journal of Managing Projects In Business, 15(8), Pp. 1-18.
- Losyk, B. (1997) "Generation X: What They Think and What They Plan to Do", The Futurist, 31, Pp. 39-42.
- Metin, S. and Kızıldağ, D. (2017) "Kuşakların Kariyer Beklentilerinin Farklılaşması: Otomotiv Sektöründe Bir Araştırma", Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 14(40), Pp. 340-363.
- Miller, J. (2018) "10 Things You Need to Know About Gen Z", HR Magazine, 63(7), Pp. 50–56.
- Montana, P. J. and Petit, F. (2008) "Motivating Generation X and Y on the Job and Preparing Z", Global Journal of Business Research, 2(2), Pp. 139-148.
- Mulhall, S. (2014) “Careers and Career Development”, In Harney, B. And Monks, K. (Eds), Strategic HRM: Research and Practice in Ireland, Orpen Press, Blackrock, Pp. 211-229.
- Murray, A. (2011) "Mind the Gap: Technology, Millennial Leadership and the Cross Generational Workforce", The Australian Library Journal, 60:1, Pp. 54-65,.
- Onoshakpokaiye, O. E. (2023) "Does Mathematics Self-Efficacy Influence Students’ Career Choice in Science Related Discipline?", St. Theresa Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 9(2), Pp. 101-115.
- Özkan, Y. (2004) "İşletmelerde Değişime Direnme Ve Çözüm Yöntemlerinin İncelenmesi", ISGUC The Journal of Industrial Relations And Human Resources, 6(1).
- Parlakkılıç, A. (2013) "E-Learning Change Management: Challenges and Opportunities", Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 14(4), Pp. 54-68.
- Petrov, G. (2007) "Beyaz Zambaklar Ülkesinde", (7. Baskı). (S. Mirzayeva, Trans.) İstanbul: Koridor Yayıncılık.
- Petrovic, I. B., Bogicevic, M. and Curic, M. (2011) "Designing University Career Services Along the Bologna Process: Analysis of Liberal Arts Students’ Needs in Transitioning Society", In Proceedings of the 10th International Congress of The International Association on Public and Nonprofit Marketing (IAPNM 2011) (Porto: Instituto Superior De Contabilidade E Administração Do Porto), Pp. 1-8.
- Poundstone, W. (2009) "Fuji Dağı’nı Nasıl Taşırsınız?", Ankara: ODTÜ Yayıncılık.
- Reisenwitz, T. H. and Iyer, R. (2009) "Differences in Generation X and Generation Y: Implications for The Organization and Marketers", Marketing Management Journal, 19(2), Pp. 91-103.
- Rick, T. (2011, May 23) "Top 12 Reasons Why People Resist Change", Retrieved from Www.Torbenrick.Eu
Romanelli F. and Ryan M. (2003) "A Survey of Attitudes and Beliefs of Generation X Pharmacy Students", American Journal of Pharmacy Education, 67(1), Pp. 72–7.
- Rothman, D. (2016) "A Tsunami of Learners Called Generation Z", Retrieved from: Http://Www.Mdle.Net/Joumafa_Tsunami_Of_Learners_Called_Generation_Z.Pdf
- Sakal, M., Slavich, A. and Cheretyko, G. (2013) "The Y-Generation Through the Prism of HRM", Вестник Омского Университета. Серия «Экономика», (2).
- Santos, S. R. and Cox, K. (2000) "Workplace Adjustment and Intergenerational Differences Between Matures, Boomers, and Xers", Nursing Economics, 18(1), Pp. 7-13.
- Saruhan, N. (2013) "Organizational Change: The Effects of Trust in Organization and Psychological Capital During Change Process", Journal of Business Economics And Finance, 2(3), Pp. 13-35.
- Schroth, H. (2019) "Are You Ready for Gen Z in the Workplace?", California Management Review, 61(3), Pp. 5-18.
Seren, Ş. (2010) "Kalite Belgesi Alan Hastanelerde Değişim İle Örgüt Kültürü Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi", Anadolu Hemşirelik Ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi(10).
- Strauss, W. and Howe, N. (1991) "Generations: The History of America’s Future", Pp. 1584 To 2069, Quill, New York.
- Tecau, A. S. (2016) "The Role of International Internships Conducted During Academic Studies in Development of Entrepreneurial Skills", Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov. Series V: Economic Sciences, Pp. 169-176.
- Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, Erişim 06 Mart 20224. Erişim Adresi: Https://Data.Tuik.Gov.Tr/
- Tulgan, B. (2009) "MANAGING in the “NEW” Workplace", Financial Executive, 25(10), Pp. 50–53.
- Tunçer, P. (2013) "Değişim Yönetimi Sürecinde Değişime Direnme", Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 32(1), Pp. 373-406.
- Waddell, D. and Sohal, A. S. (1998) "Resistance: A Constructive Tool for Change Management", Management Decision, 36(8), Pp. 543-548.
- Wallace, J. E. (2006) "Work Commitment in the Legal Profession: A Study of Baby Boomers and Generation Xers", International Journal of the Legal Profession, 13(2), Pp. 137-151.
- Wells, L. and M. G. (1996) "Causal Models of Work-Family Conflict from Family and Organizational Perspectives", Old Dominion University.
- Wiedmer, T. (2015) "Generations Do Differ: Best Practices in Leading Traditionalists, Boomers, and Generations X, Y, And Z", Delta Kappa Gamma Bulletin, 82(1), Pp. 51-58.
- Williams, A. (2015) "Move Over, Millennials, Here Comes Generation Z", The New York Times, 18.
- Williams, K. C. and Page, R. A. (2011) "Marketing to The Generations", Journal of Behavioral Studies in Business, 3(1), Pp. 37-53.
- Xing, L., Quan, W. and Huan, C. (2024) "Construction and Analysis of College Students’ Career Expectation Model Based on Data Minin", In: Paas, F., Patnaik, S., Wang, T. (Eds) Recent Trends in Educational Technology and Administration. Eduta 2023. Learning and Analytics in Intelligent Systems, Vol 38. Springer, Cham. Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/978-3-031-60777-6_42
- Zhang, H. (2023) "Career Planning and Career Education for Contemporary College Students", The Educational Review, USA, 7(7), Pp. 1006-1009.
- Zemke, R., Raines, C. and Filipczak, B. (2013) "Generations At Work, Managing The Clash of Boomers, Gen Xers, and Gen Yers in the Workplace", (2nd Ed.). USA: American Management Association.
MEASURING CAREER EXPECTATIONS OF GENERATION Z: KARABUK UNIVERSITY EXAMPLE
Year 2024,
Volume: 22 Issue: 3, 67 - 90, 03.10.2024
Osman Kurter
,
Ümmet Aydan
Abstract
This study aims to ascertain the career expectations of Generation Z. To achieve this objective, it analyzes the concepts and characteristics of Traditionalists, Baby Boomers, Generation X, Generation Y, and Generation Z, with the underlying reasons for their distinctions. The research comprises 551 male and 253 female students currently enrolled at Karabük University in Türkiye. This study utilizes a descriptive research model, employing online survey forms as the primary data collection methodology. The gathered data analysis was done using t-tests and ANOVA statistical measurements. After a thorough evaluation, the findings revealed significant differences in the responses between participants from Generation Z and Generation X. While the majority of the respondents expressed confidence in possessing adequate knowledge about their future job prospects and expectations, most respondents expressed the need for assistance with career services. Therefore, the findings recommend that employers should be prepared to address the unique needs and work styles of Gen Z.
References
- Abeyrathna, G. and Pathirana, K. P. P. I. (2022) “A Study on Career Preferences of Generation Z (Special Reference to HNDA Undergraduates of Advanced Technological Institute-Kegalle)”, Journal of Academic Session, Advanced Technological Institute-Kegalle.
- Aktan, C. C. (2011) "Organizasyonlarda Değişim Yönetimi: Değişim Mühendisliği", Organizasyon ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(1), Pp. 67-78.
- Alıcı, A. (2007) "Hayata Yön Veren Sözler", İstanbul: Epsilon.
- Aristoteles. (1996) "Metafizik," (P. D. Arslan, Trans.) İstanbul: Sosyal Yayınlar.
- Bencsik, A., Horváth-Csikós, G. and Juhász, T. (2016) "Y and Z Generations at Workplaces", Journal of Competitiveness, 8(3), Pp. 90-106.
- Baruch, Y. (2004) "Transforming Careers: From Linear to Multidirectional Career Paths: Organizational and Individual Perspectives", Career Development International, 9(1), Pp. 58-73.
- Berkup, S. B. (2014) "Working with Generations X and Y in Generation Z Period: Management of Different Generations in Business Life", Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5(19), Pp. 218-229.
- Bickel, J. and Brown, A. J. (2005) "Generation X: Implications for Faculty Recruitment and Development in Academic Health Centers", Academic Medicine, 80(3), Pp. 205-210.
- Bowman, D. and Kimberley, H. (2011) "Sidelined! Workforce Participation and Non-Participation Among Baby Boomers in Australia", Brotherhood of St Laurence, Fitzroy, Vic.T, Pp.1-37.
- Eisner, S. P. (2005) "Managing Generation Y", SAM Advanced Management Journal, 70(4), Pp. 4-15.
- Fernandes, S. R. P., Das Graças Torres Da Paz, M., Carneiro, L. L. and Mascarenhas, T. F. (2017) "Life And Career Planning: Current Challenges", Organizational Psychology and Evidence-Based Management: What Science Says About Practice, Pp. 103-120.
- Fodor, M., Jaeckel, K. and SZILAGYI, T. P. (2017) "Proper Motivation Tools, Features of a Preferred and Non-Preferred Workplace from the Aspect of Generation Z Based on a Quantitative Research Results", International Journal on Lifelong Education and Leadership, 3(1), Pp. 25-32.
- Gibson, J. W., Greenwood, R. A. and Murphy, E. F., Jr. (2009) "Generational Differences in the Workplace: Personal Values, Behaviors, and Popular Beliefs", Journal of Diversity Management, 4(3), Pp. 1–8.
- Grishaeva, S., Beregovskaya, T. and Smbatyan, S. (2023) "Generation Z Is the First “Digital” Generation in the Labor Market", CSIT Conference 2023, Yerevan, Armenia, September 25 - 30, Pp. 275-278.
- Harriet, E., N. (2022) "The Implication of Career Development Theories for Guidance Counselors", International Journal of Research in Education Humanities and Commerce, 3(5), Pp. 53-61.
- Henry, J. W. (1994) "The Service Employee′ S Pivotal Role in Organizational Success", Journal of Services Marketing, 8(4), Pp. 25-35.
- Igel, C. and Urquhart, V. (2012) "Generation Z, Meet Cooperative Learning: Properly Implemented Cooperative Learning Strategies Can Increase Student Engagement and Achievement", Middle School Journal, 43(4), Pp. 16-21.
- Iorgulescu, M. C. (2016) "Generation Z and Its Perception of Work", Cross-Cultural Management Journal, 18(01), Pp. 47-54.
- Jones, V., Jo, J. and Martin, P. (2007, February) "Future Schools and How Technology Can Be Used to Support Millennial and Generation-Z Students", in ICUT 2007 (Proc. B), 1st Int. Conf. Ubiquitous Information Technology, Pp. 12-14.
- Kirchmayer, Z. and Fratričová, J. (2020) "What Motivates Generation Z at Work? Insights into Motivation Drivers of Business Students in Slovakia", Proceedings of the Innovation Management and Education Excellence Through Vision, Pp. 6019, 6030.
- Kotter, J. P. (1995) "Leading Change: Why Transformation Efforts Fail", Harvard Business Review, Pp. 59-67.
- Kotter, J. P. (2012) "Leading Change", Boston, Massachusetts: Harvard Business Review Press.
- Kuşlu, H. (2012) "Çelişmezlik İlkesi Bağlamında Aristoteles’in Sofizme Bakışı", Felsefe Dünyası, 1(55), Pp. 274-292.
- Lalić, D., Stanković, J., Bošković, D. and Milić, B. (2019, July) "Career Expectations of Generation Z", In International Joint Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, Pp. 52-59. Cham: Springer International Publishing.
- Lemy, D. M. (2016) "The Effect of Green Hotel Practices on Service Quality: The Gen Z Perspective", Pp. 9-13. Taylor and Francis, London.
- Lieber, L. D. (2010) "How HR Can Assist in Managing the Four Generations in Today’s Workplace", Employment Relations Today, 36(4), Pp. 85-91.
- Lipkin, N.A. and Perrymore, A.J. (2009) "Y in the Workplace", The Career Press, Franklin Lakes, NJ.
- Lo Presti, A., Manuti, A., De Rosa, A. and Elia, A. (2022) "Developing a Sustainable Career Through Discourse : A Qualitative Study on a Group of Italian Project Managers", International Journal of Managing Projects In Business, 15(8), Pp. 1-18.
- Losyk, B. (1997) "Generation X: What They Think and What They Plan to Do", The Futurist, 31, Pp. 39-42.
- Metin, S. and Kızıldağ, D. (2017) "Kuşakların Kariyer Beklentilerinin Farklılaşması: Otomotiv Sektöründe Bir Araştırma", Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 14(40), Pp. 340-363.
- Miller, J. (2018) "10 Things You Need to Know About Gen Z", HR Magazine, 63(7), Pp. 50–56.
- Montana, P. J. and Petit, F. (2008) "Motivating Generation X and Y on the Job and Preparing Z", Global Journal of Business Research, 2(2), Pp. 139-148.
- Mulhall, S. (2014) “Careers and Career Development”, In Harney, B. And Monks, K. (Eds), Strategic HRM: Research and Practice in Ireland, Orpen Press, Blackrock, Pp. 211-229.
- Murray, A. (2011) "Mind the Gap: Technology, Millennial Leadership and the Cross Generational Workforce", The Australian Library Journal, 60:1, Pp. 54-65,.
- Onoshakpokaiye, O. E. (2023) "Does Mathematics Self-Efficacy Influence Students’ Career Choice in Science Related Discipline?", St. Theresa Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 9(2), Pp. 101-115.
- Özkan, Y. (2004) "İşletmelerde Değişime Direnme Ve Çözüm Yöntemlerinin İncelenmesi", ISGUC The Journal of Industrial Relations And Human Resources, 6(1).
- Parlakkılıç, A. (2013) "E-Learning Change Management: Challenges and Opportunities", Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 14(4), Pp. 54-68.
- Petrov, G. (2007) "Beyaz Zambaklar Ülkesinde", (7. Baskı). (S. Mirzayeva, Trans.) İstanbul: Koridor Yayıncılık.
- Petrovic, I. B., Bogicevic, M. and Curic, M. (2011) "Designing University Career Services Along the Bologna Process: Analysis of Liberal Arts Students’ Needs in Transitioning Society", In Proceedings of the 10th International Congress of The International Association on Public and Nonprofit Marketing (IAPNM 2011) (Porto: Instituto Superior De Contabilidade E Administração Do Porto), Pp. 1-8.
- Poundstone, W. (2009) "Fuji Dağı’nı Nasıl Taşırsınız?", Ankara: ODTÜ Yayıncılık.
- Reisenwitz, T. H. and Iyer, R. (2009) "Differences in Generation X and Generation Y: Implications for The Organization and Marketers", Marketing Management Journal, 19(2), Pp. 91-103.
- Rick, T. (2011, May 23) "Top 12 Reasons Why People Resist Change", Retrieved from Www.Torbenrick.Eu
Romanelli F. and Ryan M. (2003) "A Survey of Attitudes and Beliefs of Generation X Pharmacy Students", American Journal of Pharmacy Education, 67(1), Pp. 72–7.
- Rothman, D. (2016) "A Tsunami of Learners Called Generation Z", Retrieved from: Http://Www.Mdle.Net/Joumafa_Tsunami_Of_Learners_Called_Generation_Z.Pdf
- Sakal, M., Slavich, A. and Cheretyko, G. (2013) "The Y-Generation Through the Prism of HRM", Вестник Омского Университета. Серия «Экономика», (2).
- Santos, S. R. and Cox, K. (2000) "Workplace Adjustment and Intergenerational Differences Between Matures, Boomers, and Xers", Nursing Economics, 18(1), Pp. 7-13.
- Saruhan, N. (2013) "Organizational Change: The Effects of Trust in Organization and Psychological Capital During Change Process", Journal of Business Economics And Finance, 2(3), Pp. 13-35.
- Schroth, H. (2019) "Are You Ready for Gen Z in the Workplace?", California Management Review, 61(3), Pp. 5-18.
Seren, Ş. (2010) "Kalite Belgesi Alan Hastanelerde Değişim İle Örgüt Kültürü Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi", Anadolu Hemşirelik Ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi(10).
- Strauss, W. and Howe, N. (1991) "Generations: The History of America’s Future", Pp. 1584 To 2069, Quill, New York.
- Tecau, A. S. (2016) "The Role of International Internships Conducted During Academic Studies in Development of Entrepreneurial Skills", Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov. Series V: Economic Sciences, Pp. 169-176.
- Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, Erişim 06 Mart 20224. Erişim Adresi: Https://Data.Tuik.Gov.Tr/
- Tulgan, B. (2009) "MANAGING in the “NEW” Workplace", Financial Executive, 25(10), Pp. 50–53.
- Tunçer, P. (2013) "Değişim Yönetimi Sürecinde Değişime Direnme", Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 32(1), Pp. 373-406.
- Waddell, D. and Sohal, A. S. (1998) "Resistance: A Constructive Tool for Change Management", Management Decision, 36(8), Pp. 543-548.
- Wallace, J. E. (2006) "Work Commitment in the Legal Profession: A Study of Baby Boomers and Generation Xers", International Journal of the Legal Profession, 13(2), Pp. 137-151.
- Wells, L. and M. G. (1996) "Causal Models of Work-Family Conflict from Family and Organizational Perspectives", Old Dominion University.
- Wiedmer, T. (2015) "Generations Do Differ: Best Practices in Leading Traditionalists, Boomers, and Generations X, Y, And Z", Delta Kappa Gamma Bulletin, 82(1), Pp. 51-58.
- Williams, A. (2015) "Move Over, Millennials, Here Comes Generation Z", The New York Times, 18.
- Williams, K. C. and Page, R. A. (2011) "Marketing to The Generations", Journal of Behavioral Studies in Business, 3(1), Pp. 37-53.
- Xing, L., Quan, W. and Huan, C. (2024) "Construction and Analysis of College Students’ Career Expectation Model Based on Data Minin", In: Paas, F., Patnaik, S., Wang, T. (Eds) Recent Trends in Educational Technology and Administration. Eduta 2023. Learning and Analytics in Intelligent Systems, Vol 38. Springer, Cham. Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/978-3-031-60777-6_42
- Zhang, H. (2023) "Career Planning and Career Education for Contemporary College Students", The Educational Review, USA, 7(7), Pp. 1006-1009.
- Zemke, R., Raines, C. and Filipczak, B. (2013) "Generations At Work, Managing The Clash of Boomers, Gen Xers, and Gen Yers in the Workplace", (2nd Ed.). USA: American Management Association.