Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Farklı ayrışma derecesindeki andezitlerde mikrokırık sıklığı ve mikrokırık uzunluğundaki değişimin incelenmesi: İzmir-Bayraklı andezit taş ocakları örneği

Year 2023, , 86 - 100, 28.03.2023

Tümay Kadakci Koca , Mehmet Yalçın Koca

https://doi.org/10.17824/yerbilimleri.1183501

Abstract

İzmir, Bayraklı ilçesi, Çiçek mahallesinde bulunan terkedilmiş andezit taş ocakları günümüzde yerleşim alanı içerisinde kalmaktadır. Farklı ayrışma derecelerindeki andezitlerde artan boşluk suyu basıncı ve ayrışma derecesine bağlı olarak duraylılık sorunları meydana gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada, ayrışma derecesiyle, ince kesitler üzerinde ölçülen mikrokırıkların uzunluklarının ve en önemlisi farklı yönlerdeki mikrokırık sayısının ilişkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bugüne kadar yapılan çalışmalarda, mikrokırık ölçümleri gerek ince kesit gerekse taramalı elektron mikroskobu görüntüleri üzerinde yapılarak ayrışma derecesi tayini yapılmıştır. Ancak, birçok çalışmada, mikrokırık uzunluğunun belirlenmesinde kullanılan yöntem öklid uzunluğu (iki nokta arasındaki doğrusal uzaklık) eşitliğine dayanmaktadır. Aslında mikrokırıklar nadiren doğrusaldır ve çoğunlukla yüzeyde pürüzlü çizgiler olarak görülür. Bu nedenle, az, orta ve ileri derecede ayrışmış andezit örnekleri üzerinde mikrokırıklar bilgisayar programında sayısallaştırılarak, kartezyen obje uzunluğu hesaplamasıyla gerçeğe yakın, yüksek hassasiyette mikrokırık uzunlukları ölçülmüştür. Mikrokırık uzunluklarının, ayrışma derecesiyle pozitif ve güçlü bir korelasyona sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Mikrokırık yönelimlerinin ince kesit üzerinde yatay ve düşey traverslerde ölçülen mikrokırık sayılarını etkilediği ve iki yöndeki farkın ayrışma derecesinin artmasıyla birlikte arttığı görülmüştür.

Keywords

mikrokırık sıklığı mikrokırık uzunluğu andezit ayrışma yönserlik

References

  • Akartuna, M., 1962. On the geology of İzmir, Torbalı, Seferihisar, Urla districts. MTA Bulletin, 5, 1-19.
  • Åkesson, U., Hansson, J., Stigh, J., 2004. Characterisation of microcracks in the Bohus granite, Western Sweden, caused by uniaxial cyclic loading. Engineering Geology, 72, 131-142. DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2003.07.001
  • Arena, A., Delle Piane, C., Sarout, J., 2014. A new computational approach to cracks quantification from 2D image analysis: application to micro-cracks description in rocks. Computers & Geosciences, 66, 106-120. DOI: 10.1016/j.cageo.2014.01.007
  • Arıkan, F., Ulusay, R., Aydın, N., 2007. Characterization of weathered acidic volcanic rocks and a weathering classification based on a rating system. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 66, 415-430. DOI: 10.1007/s10064-007-0087-0
  • Ceryan, S., 2012. Weathering indices for assessment of weathering effect and classification of weathered rocks: a case study from NE Turkey. Dar, I.A., ed. Earth Sciences, IntechOpen, 664s. Ceryan, S., 2018. Weathering indices used in evaluation of the weathering state of rock material. Ceryan, N., ed. Handbook of Research on Trends and Digital Advances in Engineering Geology, IGI Global, 765s.
  • Davis, G.H., 1984. Structural Geology of Rocks and Regions. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 492s.
  • Delle Piane, C., Arena, A., Sarout, J., Esteban, L., Cazes, E., 2015. Micro-crack enhanced permeability in tight rocks: An experimental and microstructural study. Tectonophysics, 665, 149-156. DOI: 10.1016/j.tecto.2015.10.001
  • Dixon, H.W., 1969. Decomposition products of rock substances. Purposed engineering geological classification. Proceedings of Rock Mechanics Symposium, Sydney.
  • Folk, R.L., 1951. A comparison chart for visual percentage estimation. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 21(1), 22-23. DOI: 10.1306/D4269413-2B26-11D7-8648000102C1865D
  • Fredrich, J.T., Evans, B., Wong, T.F., 1989. Micromechanics of the brittle to plastic transition in Carrara marble. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 94(B4), 4129-4145. DOI: 10.1029/JB094iB04p04129
  • Griffiths, L., Heap M.J., Baud, P., Schmittbuhl, J., 2017. Quantification of microcrack characteristics and implications for stiffness and strength of granite. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 100, 138-150. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2017.10.013
  • Healy, D., Rizzo, R.E., Cornwell, D.G., Farrell, J.C.N., Watkins, H., Timms, N.E., Gomez-Rivas, E., Smith, M., 2017. FracPaQ: a MATLABTM toolbox for the quantification of fracture patterns. Journal of Structural Geology, 95, 1-16. DOI: 10.1016/j.jsg.2016.12.003
  • Heap, M.J., Lavallée, Y., Petrakova, L., Baud, P., Reuschlé, T., Varley, N.R., Dingwell D.B., 2014. Microstructural controls on the physical and mechanical properties of edifice-forming andesites at Volcán de Colima, Mexico. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth,119, 2925-2963. DOI: 10.1002/2013JB010521
  • International Society for Rock Mechanics (ISRM), 2007. The complete ISRM suggested methods for rock characterization, testing and monitoring: 1974-2006. Suggested methods prepared by the Commission on Testing Methods. Ulusay, R., Hudson, J.A., eds., ISRM. Kozan Ofset: Ankara, 628s.
  • Irfan, T.Y., Dearman, W.R., 1978. Engineering classification and index properties of a weathered granite. Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology, 17, 79-90. DOI: 10.1007/BF02634696
  • Karpuz, C., Paşamehmetoğlu, A.G., 1997. Field characterization of weathered Ankara andesites. Engineering Geology, 46,1-17. DOI: 10.1016/S0013-7952(96)00002-6
  • Koca, M.Y. 1995. Slope stability assessment of the abondoned andesite quarries in and around the İzmir City centre. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, İzmir.
  • Koca, M.Y., Kıncal,C., 2016. The relationships between the rock material properties and weathering grades of andesitic rocks around İzmir, Turkey. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 75, 709-734. DOI: 10.1007/s10064-015-0813-y
  • Kranz, R.L., 1983. Microcracks in rocks: a review. Tectonophysics, 100(1-3), 449-480. DOI: 10.1016/0040-1951(83)90198-1
  • Momeni, A., Khanlari, G.R., Heidari, M., Bagheri, R., Bazvand, E., 2015. Assessment of physical weathering effects on granitic ancient monuments, Hamedan, Iran. Environmental Earth Sciences, 74(6), 5181-5190. DOI: 10.1007/s12665-015-4536-y
  • Monticelli, J.P., Sígolo, J.B., Futai, M.M., 2021. On weathering understanding and its characterization by petrographic indices: a study case about the criterion establishment for the textural classification of rock-forming minerals under weathering. Environmental Earth Sciences, 80, 408. DOI: 10.1007/s12665-021-09687-3
  • Obara, B., 2007. Identification of transcrystalline microcracks observed in microscope images of a dolomite structure using image analysis methods based on linear structuring element processing. Computers & Geosciences, 33(2), 151-158. DOI: 10.1016/j.cageo.2006.07.004
  • Onodera, T.F., Yoskinaka, R., Oda, M., 1974. Weathering and its relation to mechanical properties of granite. Proceedings of 3rd Congress of International Society of Rock Mechanics,Publ. (2A ), Denver.
  • Precisely 2018. Version 17.0 of MapInfo Pro 64 bit.
  • Rigopoulos, I., Tsikouras, B., Pomonis, P., Hatzipanagiotou, K., 2013. Petrographic investigation of microcrack initiation in mafic ophiolitic rocks under uniaxial compression. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 46, 1061-1072. DOI: 10.1007/s00603-012-0310-6
  • Rigopoulos, I., Tsikouras, B., Pomonis, P., Hatzipanagiotou, K., 2011. Microcracks in ultrabasic rocks under uniaxial compressive stress. Engineering Geology 117(1–2), 104-113. DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2010.10.010
  • Saito, T., 1981. Variation of physical properties of igneous rocks in weathering. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Weak Rocks, Tokyo.
  • Simmons, G., Richter, D., 1976. Microcracks in rocks. Ss 105-137. Strens, R., ed. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals and Rocks, John Wiley& Sons.
  • Sousa, L.M.O., Suarez del Rio L.M, Calleja L., Vicente, G., Argandofia V.G.R., Rey A. R., 2005. Influence of microfractures and porosity on the physico-mechanical properties and weathering of ornamental granites. Engineering Geology, 77, 153-168. DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2004.10.001
  • Tapponnier, P., Brace, W.F., 1976. Development of stress-induced microcracks in Westerly Granite. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, 13(4), 103-112. DOI: 10.1016/0148-9062(76)91937-9
  • Tuğrul, A., 1995. Niksar yöresindeki bazaltların mühendislik özelliklerine ayrışmanın etkileri. İstanbul Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, İstanbul.
  • Underwood, E.E., 1967. Quantitative Evaluation of Sectioned Material. ss 49-60. Elias H, ed. Stereology, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, 338s.
  • Wong, T., 1985. Geometric probability approach to the characterization and analysis of microcracking in rocks. Mechanics of Materials, 4(3), 261-276. DOI: 10.1016/0167-6636(85)90023-7
  • Wu, X.Y., Baud, P., Wong, T., 2000. Micromechanics of compressive failure and spatial evolution of anisotropic damage in Darley Dale sandstone. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 37(1-2), 143-160. DOI: 10.1016/S1365-1609(99)00093-3

Year 2023, , 86 - 100, 28.03.2023

Tümay Kadakci Koca , Mehmet Yalçın Koca

https://doi.org/10.17824/yerbilimleri.1183501

Abstract

References

  • Akartuna, M., 1962. On the geology of İzmir, Torbalı, Seferihisar, Urla districts. MTA Bulletin, 5, 1-19.
  • Åkesson, U., Hansson, J., Stigh, J., 2004. Characterisation of microcracks in the Bohus granite, Western Sweden, caused by uniaxial cyclic loading. Engineering Geology, 72, 131-142. DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2003.07.001
  • Arena, A., Delle Piane, C., Sarout, J., 2014. A new computational approach to cracks quantification from 2D image analysis: application to micro-cracks description in rocks. Computers & Geosciences, 66, 106-120. DOI: 10.1016/j.cageo.2014.01.007
  • Arıkan, F., Ulusay, R., Aydın, N., 2007. Characterization of weathered acidic volcanic rocks and a weathering classification based on a rating system. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 66, 415-430. DOI: 10.1007/s10064-007-0087-0
  • Ceryan, S., 2012. Weathering indices for assessment of weathering effect and classification of weathered rocks: a case study from NE Turkey. Dar, I.A., ed. Earth Sciences, IntechOpen, 664s. Ceryan, S., 2018. Weathering indices used in evaluation of the weathering state of rock material. Ceryan, N., ed. Handbook of Research on Trends and Digital Advances in Engineering Geology, IGI Global, 765s.
  • Davis, G.H., 1984. Structural Geology of Rocks and Regions. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 492s.
  • Delle Piane, C., Arena, A., Sarout, J., Esteban, L., Cazes, E., 2015. Micro-crack enhanced permeability in tight rocks: An experimental and microstructural study. Tectonophysics, 665, 149-156. DOI: 10.1016/j.tecto.2015.10.001
  • Dixon, H.W., 1969. Decomposition products of rock substances. Purposed engineering geological classification. Proceedings of Rock Mechanics Symposium, Sydney.
  • Folk, R.L., 1951. A comparison chart for visual percentage estimation. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 21(1), 22-23. DOI: 10.1306/D4269413-2B26-11D7-8648000102C1865D
  • Fredrich, J.T., Evans, B., Wong, T.F., 1989. Micromechanics of the brittle to plastic transition in Carrara marble. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 94(B4), 4129-4145. DOI: 10.1029/JB094iB04p04129
  • Griffiths, L., Heap M.J., Baud, P., Schmittbuhl, J., 2017. Quantification of microcrack characteristics and implications for stiffness and strength of granite. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 100, 138-150. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2017.10.013
  • Healy, D., Rizzo, R.E., Cornwell, D.G., Farrell, J.C.N., Watkins, H., Timms, N.E., Gomez-Rivas, E., Smith, M., 2017. FracPaQ: a MATLABTM toolbox for the quantification of fracture patterns. Journal of Structural Geology, 95, 1-16. DOI: 10.1016/j.jsg.2016.12.003
  • Heap, M.J., Lavallée, Y., Petrakova, L., Baud, P., Reuschlé, T., Varley, N.R., Dingwell D.B., 2014. Microstructural controls on the physical and mechanical properties of edifice-forming andesites at Volcán de Colima, Mexico. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth,119, 2925-2963. DOI: 10.1002/2013JB010521
  • International Society for Rock Mechanics (ISRM), 2007. The complete ISRM suggested methods for rock characterization, testing and monitoring: 1974-2006. Suggested methods prepared by the Commission on Testing Methods. Ulusay, R., Hudson, J.A., eds., ISRM. Kozan Ofset: Ankara, 628s.
  • Irfan, T.Y., Dearman, W.R., 1978. Engineering classification and index properties of a weathered granite. Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology, 17, 79-90. DOI: 10.1007/BF02634696
  • Karpuz, C., Paşamehmetoğlu, A.G., 1997. Field characterization of weathered Ankara andesites. Engineering Geology, 46,1-17. DOI: 10.1016/S0013-7952(96)00002-6
  • Koca, M.Y. 1995. Slope stability assessment of the abondoned andesite quarries in and around the İzmir City centre. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, İzmir.
  • Koca, M.Y., Kıncal,C., 2016. The relationships between the rock material properties and weathering grades of andesitic rocks around İzmir, Turkey. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 75, 709-734. DOI: 10.1007/s10064-015-0813-y
  • Kranz, R.L., 1983. Microcracks in rocks: a review. Tectonophysics, 100(1-3), 449-480. DOI: 10.1016/0040-1951(83)90198-1
  • Momeni, A., Khanlari, G.R., Heidari, M., Bagheri, R., Bazvand, E., 2015. Assessment of physical weathering effects on granitic ancient monuments, Hamedan, Iran. Environmental Earth Sciences, 74(6), 5181-5190. DOI: 10.1007/s12665-015-4536-y
  • Monticelli, J.P., Sígolo, J.B., Futai, M.M., 2021. On weathering understanding and its characterization by petrographic indices: a study case about the criterion establishment for the textural classification of rock-forming minerals under weathering. Environmental Earth Sciences, 80, 408. DOI: 10.1007/s12665-021-09687-3
  • Obara, B., 2007. Identification of transcrystalline microcracks observed in microscope images of a dolomite structure using image analysis methods based on linear structuring element processing. Computers & Geosciences, 33(2), 151-158. DOI: 10.1016/j.cageo.2006.07.004
  • Onodera, T.F., Yoskinaka, R., Oda, M., 1974. Weathering and its relation to mechanical properties of granite. Proceedings of 3rd Congress of International Society of Rock Mechanics,Publ. (2A ), Denver.
  • Precisely 2018. Version 17.0 of MapInfo Pro 64 bit.
  • Rigopoulos, I., Tsikouras, B., Pomonis, P., Hatzipanagiotou, K., 2013. Petrographic investigation of microcrack initiation in mafic ophiolitic rocks under uniaxial compression. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 46, 1061-1072. DOI: 10.1007/s00603-012-0310-6
  • Rigopoulos, I., Tsikouras, B., Pomonis, P., Hatzipanagiotou, K., 2011. Microcracks in ultrabasic rocks under uniaxial compressive stress. Engineering Geology 117(1–2), 104-113. DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2010.10.010
  • Saito, T., 1981. Variation of physical properties of igneous rocks in weathering. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Weak Rocks, Tokyo.
  • Simmons, G., Richter, D., 1976. Microcracks in rocks. Ss 105-137. Strens, R., ed. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals and Rocks, John Wiley& Sons.
  • Sousa, L.M.O., Suarez del Rio L.M, Calleja L., Vicente, G., Argandofia V.G.R., Rey A. R., 2005. Influence of microfractures and porosity on the physico-mechanical properties and weathering of ornamental granites. Engineering Geology, 77, 153-168. DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2004.10.001
  • Tapponnier, P., Brace, W.F., 1976. Development of stress-induced microcracks in Westerly Granite. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, 13(4), 103-112. DOI: 10.1016/0148-9062(76)91937-9
  • Tuğrul, A., 1995. Niksar yöresindeki bazaltların mühendislik özelliklerine ayrışmanın etkileri. İstanbul Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, İstanbul.
  • Underwood, E.E., 1967. Quantitative Evaluation of Sectioned Material. ss 49-60. Elias H, ed. Stereology, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, 338s.
  • Wong, T., 1985. Geometric probability approach to the characterization and analysis of microcracking in rocks. Mechanics of Materials, 4(3), 261-276. DOI: 10.1016/0167-6636(85)90023-7
  • Wu, X.Y., Baud, P., Wong, T., 2000. Micromechanics of compressive failure and spatial evolution of anisotropic damage in Darley Dale sandstone. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 37(1-2), 143-160. DOI: 10.1016/S1365-1609(99)00093-3
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Tümay Kadakci Koca 0000-0002-6705-9117

Mehmet Yalçın Koca 0000-0002-6547-3285

Publication Date March 28, 2023
Submission Date October 3, 2022
Acceptance Date December 6, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023

Cite

EndNote Kadakci Koca T, Koca MY (March 1, 2023) Farklı ayrışma derecesindeki andezitlerde mikrokırık sıklığı ve mikrokırık uzunluğundaki değişimin incelenmesi: İzmir-Bayraklı andezit taş ocakları örneği. Yerbilimleri 44 1 86–100.