Tahribatsız yöntemlerle tarihsel yapılarda ayrışmanın belirlenmesi: Türkmenistan'ın Merv şehrine ait uygulama

Year 2019, Volume: 40 Issue: 2, 210 - 233, 15.08.2019

Savaş Karabulut

https://doi.org/10.17824/yerbilimleri.533430

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Arkeolojik alanlar, tarihsel yapılar ve sit alanları yasa ve yönetmeliklerle korumaya alınmış ve
izinsiz herhangi bir değişiklik veya restorasyon yapılması da yasal sınırlarla engellenmiştir.
Tarihsel bir miras olarak günümüze kadar özelliklerini koruyan mimarı yapılar ve yerleşim
alanlarında zamanla doğal veya yapay etkenlerle meydana gelen hasar, fiziksel ve iklim
koşulları nedeniyle meydana gelen mukavemet kaybının tespiti önemlidir. Ancak bu tür
çalışmalar yapılırken yapılarda kalıcı deformasyona neden olacak karot numunesi alma,
sıyırma vb. uygulamalardan kaçınılması istenir. Bu nedenle hasarsız yöntemlerin kullanılması
öncelikli ve zorunludur. Bu çalışma kapsamında Türkmenistan’ın antik şehri olan Merv’de
sahabelerden Hakem El Gıfari ve Bureyde el-Eslemi’nin bulunduğu 2 kule ve 2 türbe üzerinde
ultrasonik hız, çatlak derinliği ve basınç mukavemetlerinin hesaplanmasıyla yenileme yapılacak
alanlar hakkında bilgiler elde edilmiştir. Hızların Uluslarası Atom Enerjisi Ajansı tarafından
önerilen sınıflandırmaya göre çok kötü ve kötü kaliteye sahip olduğu, çatlak derinliği
sınıflamasına göre II ve III derece çatlak sınıfına girdiği ve basınç mukavemetlerinin kulelerde
2-8 MPa arasında değiştiği, türbelerde ise 20 MPa değerlerine sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Beton
kalitesinin dayanımındaki bu farklılıklar, kuzeybatıdan esen rüzgarlar ve alanın tarihin farklı
dönemlerde restore edilmesinde işçilik farklılıklarından kaynaklı olabileceği düşünülmüştür.
Elde edilen sonuçlar kullanılarak yapıda güçlendirme yapıldığında, hem daha iyi korunacak
hem de bütçe azaltılacaktır.

Keywords

Basınç mukavemeti, çatlak derinliği, tahribatsız test, ultrasonik puls hızı, Türkmenistan

Non-destructive methods for determining weathering in historical monuments: a case study from Merv City, Turkmenistan

Abstract

Any changes or restorations to archaeological sites or historical buildings that are protected by
law are prohibited without permission. In order to preserve the architectural heritage of a
structure or a residential area that has retained its original character as a historical legacy, it is
important to identify the weathering of used structural material or deterioration of strength,
which can occur due to environmental conditions, or damage caused by natural or artificial
factors over time. It is desirable, however, to avoid applications that will cause permanent
damage in the structures, such as core sampling or stripping, when such studies are made.
Non-destructive methods can eliminate this problem, but must be investigated to show their
applicability. In this study, ultrasonic velocity and crack depth compressive strength
determinations are applied to assess the integrity of brick structures in Merv, an ancient city of
Turkmenistan. Two towers and two mausoleums are investigated, where Hakem El Gifari and
Bureyde el-Eslemi are lying. The structural integrity of the towers and mausoleums are
classified as weak and poor, respectively, according to classifications of the International
Atomic Energy Agency. Crack depth classification infer class II and III for the structures, and
the compressive strengths show a variation between 2-8 MPa in towers and 20 MPa in
mausoleums. This variation in brick performance can be attributed to winds that blow from NW
direction and the differences in the workmanship in the restoration over the buildings’ history.
When restoration shall be conducted according to the results obtained, both historical heritage
can be better preserved and any budget for structural reinforcement could be reduced. 

Keywords

Crack depth, non-destructive test, compressive strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity, Turkmenistan

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