Ailede Baba Faktörünün Taraftar Özdeşleşmesine Yansımaları: Fenerbahçe, Galatasaray ve Beşiktaş Spor Kulüpleri Taraftarları İle Alan Çalışması

Year 2021, Issue: 52, 337 - 360, 30.06.2021

Benan Gök

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, bir örgüte gönüllülük esasıyla üye olan bireylerin örgütle özdeşleşmelerinde ailede baba faktörünün etkili olup olmadığını tespit etmek amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, bireylerin örgütle özdeşleşme nedeni sosyal psikoloji perspektifinden mercek altına alınmıştır. Çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak anket kullanılmıştır. Araştırma verilerinin hesaplanmasında SPSS 22 programı kullanılarak verilerin frekans, yüzde değerleri hesaplanmış ve ardından açıklayıcı faktör analizi, Anova testi ve karar ağaçlarının algoritmalarından biri olan CART (Sınıflama ve Regresyon Ağacı) tekniği kullanılmıştır. Gönüllülük ilkesi kapsamında üyelik edilen bir örgüt olarak Türkiye’nin önde gelen üç spor kulübünün taraftarları üzerinde bir saha çalışması yürütülmüştür. Bu kapsamda çalışmaya, Türkiye’de üç büyükler olarak nitelenen 656 Fenerbahçe, 710 Galatasaray ve 602 Beşiktaş Spor Kulübü taraftarları olmak üzere toplam 1968 taraftar katılmıştır. Çalışma grubu, kolayda örnekleme yöntemine göre farklı demografik özellikler dikkate alınarak oluşturulmuştur. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, örneklemde yer alan taraftarlar, tuttukları takımlara göre ayrılıp incelendiğinde babasıyla aynı takımı tutan taraftarların, babasıyla farklı takım tutan taraftarlara göre takımla özdeşleşme puanlarının daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Diğer bir deyişle, taraftarların takımla özdeşlemelerinin altında baba faktörünün olduğu sonucu ortaya çıkmaktadır.

Keywords

Örgütsel özdeşleşme, baba faktörü, spor kulüpleri

Reflections of the Father Factor in the Family on Fan Identification: Fenerbahce, Galatasaray and Besiktas Sports Clubs Fans with Field Study

Abstract

This study aimed to determine whether the father factor in the family effectively identifies individuals who are members of an organization based on volunteerism. For this purpose, the reason individuals identify with the organization has been examined from the perspective of Social Psychology. The questionnaire was used as a data collection tool in the study. First, the frequency, percentage values of the data were calculated using SPSS 22 program. Then the cart (classification and Regression Tree) technique, one of the algorithms of explanatory factor analysis, ANOVA test and Decision Trees, was used to calculate the research data. Finally, fieldwork was carried out on the fans of Turkey's three leading sports clubs, where the membership is voluntary. In this context, the study, regarded as the big three in Turkey, 656 Fenerbahce, 710 Galatasaray, and 602 Besiktas Sports Club, participated in 1968 individuals, including supporters. The working group was formed by taking into account different demographics employing the easy sampling method. According to the study, when fans in the sample were divided according to the teams they kept, it was found that fans who kept the same team as their father had higher team identification scores compared to fans who did not keep the same team as their father. In other words, it is revealed that the father factor underlies the identification of the fans with the team.

Keywords

Organizational identification, father factor, sports clubs

References

• Andrei, P., Balluchi, F. ve Furlotti, K. (2018). Collaboration Between For-Profit and Non-Profit Organisations: Some Insights into The Social Doctrine of the Church. Studies in Public and Non-Profit Governance, 7, 215-242.
• Ashforth, B. E. ve Mael, F. (1989). Social Identity Theory and Organization. The Academy of Management Review, 14(1), 20-39.
• Bartels, J., Pruyn, A., Jong, M. D. ve Joustra, I. (2007). Multiple Organizational Identification Levels And Their Impact of Perceived External Prestige and Communication Climate. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 28(2), 173-190.
• Bhattacharya, C. B, Rao, H. ve Glynn, M. A. (1995). Understanding The Bond of Identification: An Investigation of Its Correlates Amang Art Museum Members. Journal of Marketing, 59(4), 46-57.
• Boris, T. E. ve Steuerle, C. E. (2006). Scope and Dimensions of the Nonprofit Sector. Walter W. Powell, Richard Steinberg (Ed.), The Nonprofit Sector: A Research Handbook içinde (p. 66-88). New Haven: Yale University Press.
• Cabrera, N. J. (2020). Father Involvement, Father-Child Relationship, and Attachment in The Early Years. Attachment & Human Development, 22(1), 134-138.
• Clayton, B. ve Harris, J. (2004). Footballers Wives: The Role of Soccer Player’s Partner in The Construction of idealised Masculinity. Soccer and Society, 5(3), 317-335.
• Clowes, L., Ratele, K. ve Shefer, T. (2013). Who Needs a Father? South African Men Reflect on Being Fathered. Journal of Gender Studies, 22(3), 255-267.
• Coakley, J. (2006). The Good Father: Parental Expectations and Youth Sports. Leisure Studies, 25(2), 153-163.
• Çiftçioğlu, B. A. ve Gök, B. (2019). Taraftarların Spor Kulübüne İlişkin Prestij Algısının Taraftarlık Özdeşleşmesi Üzerindeki Etkilerini İncelemeye Yönelik Bir Çalışma. Mehmet Yüce, Mustafa Mıynat, Ahmet Vecdi Can, Şakir Sakarya (Ed.), Yeni Ekonomik Trendler ve İş Fırsatları içinde (s. 193-201). Bursa: Ekin Yayınevi.
• Dutton, J. E., Dukerich, J. M. ve Harquail, C. V. (1994). Organizational Image and Member Identification. Administrative Science Quarterly, 39(2), 239-263.
• Fagan, J ve Iglesias, A. (1999). Father Involvement Program Effects on Fathers, Fathers’ Figures, and Their Head Start Children: A Quasi-Experimental Study. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 14(2), 243-269.
• Fink, J. S., Trail, G. T. ve Anderson, D. F. (2002). An Examination of Team Identification: Which Motives are Most Salient to Its Existence?. International Sports Journal, 6(2), 195-207.
• Greenberg, J. (2011). Behavior in Organizations. Boston: Pearson Education.
• Günay, N. ve Tiryaki, Ş. (2003). Spor Taraftarı Özdeşleşme Ölçeğinin (Stöö) Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 14(1), 14-26.
• Harrington, M. (2006). Sport and Leisure as Contexts for Fathering in Australian Families. Leisure Studies, 25(2), 165-183.
• Herrbach, O., Mignonac, K. ve Gatignon, A. L. (2004). Exploring The Role of Perceived External Prestige in Managers Turnover Intentions. International Journal of Human Resources Management, 15(8), 1390-1407.
• Hunt, K., Bristol, T. ve Bashaw, R. E. (1999). A Conceptual Approach to Classifying Sports Fans. Journal of Services Marketing, 13(6), 439-452.
• Jenkins, J. ve Lyons, K. (2006). Non‐resident Fathers' Leisure with Their Children. Leisure Studies, 25(2), 219-232.
• John, A. ve Halliburton, A. L. (2010). Q Methodology to Assess Child-Father Attachment. Early Child Development and Care, 180(1-2), 71-85.
• Kay, T. (2006). Where’s Dad? Fatherhood in Leisure Studies. Leisure Studies, 25(2), 133-152.
• Kay, T. (2007). Fathering through Sport. World Leisure Journal, 49(2), 69-82.
• Kim, Y., Kim, S. (2009). The Relationships Between Team Attributes, Team Identification And Sponsor Image. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 10(3), 18-32.
• Lamb, M. E. ve Tamis-Lemonda, C. S. (2004). The Role of the Father. Michael E. Lamb (Ed.), The Role of the Father in Child Development içinde (p. 1-31). New York: Wiley.
• Lang, G., Strobel, T ve Nagel, S. (2019). Professionalization Forms in Mixed Sport Industries: is it Time to Rethink The Stereotypes of Non-Profit and For-Profit Sport Organizations?. Managing Sport and Leisure, 24(4), 208-225.
• Mael, F. ve Ashforth, B. E. (1992). Alumni and Their Alma Mater: A Partial Test of The Reformulated Model of Organizational Identification. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 13(2), 103-123.
• Marsiglio, W. (1995). Fathers’ Diverse Life Course Patterns and Roles. William Marsiglio (Ed.), Fatherhood: Contemporary Theory, Research, and Social Policy içinde (p. 78-101). California: Sage Publication Inc.
• Mcmurray, A. J., Islam, Md. M., Sarros, J. C., Pirola-Merlo, A. (2012). The Impact of Leadership on Workgroup Climate and Performance in A Non-Profit Organization. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 33(6), 522-549.
• Morrison, L. D. (2016). Literature Review: Measurıng And Assessing Organizational Performance For Nonprofits, Contextually Sensıtive Standards And Measures For The Non-Profit Organization. Governance and Performance in Public and Non-Profit Organizations, 5, 233-256.
• Norris, J. I., Wann, D. L. ve Zapalac, R. K. (2015). Sport Fan Maximizing: Following The Best Team or Being The Best Fan?. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 32(3), 157- 166.
• Puusa, A. (2006). Conducting Research on Organizational Identity. Electronic Journal of Business Ethics and Organization Studies, 11(2), 24-28.
• Rocha, C. M. ve Fleury, F. A. (2017). Attendance of Brazilian Soccer Games: The Role of Constraints and Team Identification. European Sport Management Quarterly, 17(4), 485-505.
• Roderick, M. (2006). The Work of Professional Football: A Labour of Love?. London: Routledge.
• Sen, S., Bhattacharya, C. (2001). Does Doing Good Always Lead to Doing Better? Consumer Reactions to Corporate Social Responsibility. Journal of Marketing Research, 38, 225 – 243.
• Solansky, S. T. (2011). Team Identification: A Setermining Factor of Performance. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 26(3), 247-258.
• Swain, J. (2001). The Money’s Good, The Fame’s Good, The Girl’s are Good’: The Role of Playground Football in The Construction of Young Boys’ Masculinity in a Junior School. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 21(2), 95-109.
• Tajfel, H. (1978). Differentiation Between Social Groups: Studies in The Social Psychology of Intergroup Relation. London: Academic Press.
• Tajfel, H. (1981). Human Groups and Social Categories: Studies in Social Psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Tajfel, H., Turner, J. C. (1979). An Integrative Theory of Inter-Group Conflict. Austin, William G.; Worchel, Stephen (Ed.). The Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations (pp. 33-47), CA: Brooks/Cole.
• U. S. Department of Health & Human Services, Promoting Responsible Fatherhood: Effective Parenting, (2011). http://fatherhood.hhs.gov/Parenting/index.shtml. Erişim Tarihi: 13.07.2020.
• Underwood, R., Bond, E. ve Baer, R. (2001). Building Service Brands via Social Identity: Lessons From The Sports Marketplaces. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 9(1), 1-13.
• Updegraff, K. A., Madden‐Derdich, D. A., Estrada, A. U, Sales, L. J ve Leonard, S. A. (2002). Young Adolescents’ Experiences with Parents and Friends: Exploring The Connections. Family Relations, 51(1), 72- 80.
• Valentinov, V. (2011). The Meaning of Nonprofit Organization: Insights from Classical Institutionalism. Journal of Economic Issues, 45(4), 901-915.
• Van Knippenberg, D., Hogg, M. A. (2003). A Social Identity Model of Leadership Effectiveness in Organizations. Research in Organizational Behavior, 25, 243-295.
• Wann, D. L. ve Grieve, F. G. (2005). Biased Evaluations of In-Group and Out-Group Spectator Behavior at Sporting Events: The Importance of Team Identification and Threats to Social Identity. The Journal of Social Psychology, 145(5), 531-545.
• Wann, D. L., ve Branscombe, N. R. (1993). Sports Fans: Measuring Degree of Identification with Their Team. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 24(1), 1-17.
• Wann, D., Melnick, M., Russell, G. W. ve Pease, D. G. (2001). Sport Fans: The Psychology and Social Impact of Spectators. London: Routledge.