PROTECTION OF PERSONS, FLEEDING ARMED CONFLICT (DISPLACED), IN INTERNATIONAL LAW

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 75 Sayı: 1, 151 - 180, 15.04.2017

Ümmühan Elçin Ertuğrul

https://doi.org/10.30915/abd.406385

Cited By: 1

Öz

United Nations High Commissioner of Refugees reported the
presence of 59.5 million of refugees by the year 2015, pointing out armed
conflicts its main reason. In this article examines law will be
applied refugees fleeing as a result of armed conflict. As it is well known,
apply Humanitarian Law as lex specialis in situations armed conflict. However,
Human Rights Law also in to force in armed conflict. In this article examines
the protection of refugee flows occuring as a result of armed conflict under
the Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Law. Humanitarian Law is limited to the
Geneva Convention (IV) on Civilians 1949, the Additional Protocols to the
Geneva Conventions 1977  and Common
Article 3 to Geneva Conventions of 1949. Human Rights Law is limited to the
1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, Temporary Protection and
Subsidiary Protection

Keywords: Displaced, Humanitarian
Law, Refugee Convetion, Temporary Protection, Subsidiary Protection

Anahtar Kelimeler

Humanitarian Law, Refugee Convetion, Temporary Protection, Subsidiary Protection, Displaced

Silahlı Çatışmadan Kaçanların (Yerinden Edilenlerin) Uluslararası Hukukta Korunması

Öz

Birleşmiş
Milletler Mülteciler Yüksek Komiserliği 2015 yılında, temel nedeni silahlı
çatışmalar olan 59.5 milyon mültecinin varlığını rapor etmiştir. Bu makalede
silahlı çatışmalardan kaçan mülteci akınlarına - yerinden edilen kişilere- uygulanacak
hukuk incelenmiştir. Bilindiği gibi, silahlı çatışma durumlarında lex specialis
olarak İnsancıl Hukuk uygulanır. Ancak, silahlı çatışmalarda İnsan Hakları Hukuku da yürürlüğünü devam ettirir. Makale’de, silahlı çatışmadan kaçan
mülteci akınlarının İnsancıl Hukuk ve İnsan Hakları Hukuku kapsamında korunması
incelenmiştir. İnsancıl hukuk,1949 tarihli Siviller Hakkında 4 No’lu Cenevre
Sözleşmesi, 1977 tarihli Cenevre Sözleşmesine Ek Protokoller, 1949 tarihli Cenevre
Sözleşmelerinin Ortak 3. maddesi ile İnsan Hakları Hukuku ise 1951tarihli Mültecilerin
Hukuki Durumuna Dair Sözleşme, Geçici Koruma ve Tamamlayıcı Koruma ile sınırlı
tutulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yerinden Edilme, İnsancıl Hukuk, Mülteci Sözleşmesi, Geçici Koruma, Tamamlayıcı Koruma

Kaynakça

• A/71/PV.3, General Assembly, Seventy-First Session, 3rd Plenary Meeting, 19 September 2016, http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/71/PV.3 (Erişim Tarihi:16.11.2016)
• A Thematic Compilation of Executive Committee Conclusions, Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Division of International Protection, 7th Edition, June 2014
• Bonaventure Rutinwa, “Refugee Claims Based on Violation of International Humanitarian Law: The “Victim’s” Perspective “, 15 Geo. Immigr. L. J. , 2000-2001, s. 497-517
• Bülent Çiçekli Uluslararası Hukukta Mülteciler ve Sığınmacılar, Seçkin Yayınevi, Ankara, 2009.
• Bülent Daver, “Savaş ve Barış Üzerine”,Ankara Üniversitesi Türk İnkılap Tarihi Enstitüsü Atatürk Yolu Dergisi, Cilt: 3, Sayı:10,1992, s. 181-186
• C-465/07 Elfagaji v.Staatssecretaris van Justitie, Judgment of 17 February 2009, http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/legal_service/arrets/07c465_en.pdf (Erişim Tarihi:22.11.2016)
• Commentary , IV Geneva Convetion, Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, Ed. Jean S. Pictet, International Committee of the Red Cross, Geneva, 1958.
• Conclusion on the Provision of International Protection Including Through Complementary Forms of Protection, UNHCR Executive Commitee of the High Commissioner’s Programme, No. 103 (LVI), 7 October 2005
• Council Directive 2001/55/EC of 20 July 2001, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2001:212:0012:0023:EN:PDF (Erişim Tarihi:17.08.2016)
• Council Directive 2004/83/EC, 29 April 2004, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32004L0083:en:HTML (Erişim Tarihi:22.11.2016)
• Derek Jinks, “The Declining Significance of POW Status” 45 Harv. Int’l L. J., 2004, s.367-442
• EC/SCP/16/Add.1, UNHCR, 17 July 1981, Report of the Meeting of the Expert Group on Temporary Refugee in Situations of Large-Scale Influx ( Geneva 21-24 April 1981 http://www.unhcr.org/excom/scip/3ae68cd04/report-meeting-expert-group-temporary-refuge-situations-large-scale-influx.html (Erişim Tarihi:11.10.2016)
• Eric Fripp, “International Humanitarian Law and the Interpretation of ‘Persecution’ in the Article 1A(2) CSR51”, International Journal of Refugee Law., Vol.26, No:3, 2014, s.382-403
• European Union (Subsidiary Protection ) Regulations, 2013. Procedures for the Investigation and Determination of Applications for Subsidiary Protection,http://www.inis.gov.ie/en/INIS/SP%20INFORMATION%20NOTE%20FINAL%2013%20NOVEMBER%202013.pdf/Files/SP%20INFORMATION%20NOTE%20FINAL%2013%20NOVEMBER%202013.pdf (Erişim Tarihi:26.11.2016)
• Fatma Taşdemir, “İnsan Hakları Hukuku ve İnsancıl Hukuk Açısından Türkiye’nin Ayrılıkçı Terör Örgütü PKK İle Mücadelesi” Gazi Üniversitesi hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, C. XVI, S.1, 2012, s.107-151
• Final Report on the Meaning of Armed Conflict in International Law, International Law Association , The Hague Conference 2010,. file:///C:/Users/U.El%C3%A7in%20Ertu%C4%9Frul/Downloads/final_report.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi:07.09.2016).
• Handbook and Guidelines on Procedures and Criteria for Determining Refugee Status, Under the 1951 Convention and the 1967 ProtocolRelating to the Status of Refugee, Reissued, Geneva, December 2011.
• Hugo Storey&Rebecca Wallace, “War and Peace in Refugee Law Jurisprudence”, The American Journal of International Law, Vol.95, No:2, (Apr. 2001), s. 349-366
• Hüseyin Pazarcı, Uluslararası Hukuk, Turhan Kitabevi, Ankara, 2012.
• http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/persecution (Erişim Tarihi:02.07.2016)
• http://www.unhcr.org/en-us/news/latest/2015/6/558193896/worldwide-displacement-hits-all-time-high-war-persecution-increase.html http://www.unhcr.org/turkey/home.php?content=640( Erişim Tarihi:27.06.2016)
• Işıl Özkan, Göç, İltica ve Sığınma Hukuku, Seçkin Yayınları, Ankara, 2013,
• IT-01-42-A, 17 July 2008, Prosecutor v. Pavle Strugar, in the Appeals Chamber, para. 175, http://www.icty.org/x/cases/strugar/acjug/en/080717.pdf (Erişim Tarihi:03.01.2016)
• IT-94-1-A, 15 July 1999, Prosecutor v. Dusko Tadic, Judgement, http://www.icty.org/x/cases/tadic/acjug/en/tad-aj990715e.pdf (Erişim Tarihi:30.04.2016)
• Jean- Marie Henckaerts&Louise Doswald-Beck, Uluslararası İnsancıl Teamül (Örf-Adet) Hukuku,( Cilt 1: Kurallar, (Çev. Emre Öktem, Melike Batur Yamaner, Dolunay Özbek vd.) Galatasaray Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Yayınları, No:66, 2005
• Joan Fitzpatrick, Temporary Protection of Refugees: Elements of a Formalized Regime. The American Journal of International Law. Vol. 94, No.2 , 2000, s.279-305
• Karen Hulme, “Armed Conflict and the Displaced”, 17 Int’l J. Refugee L. 2005, s. 91-116
• Kate Jastram, “Looking to Human Rights and Humanitarian Law to Determine Refugee Status”, 106 Am Soc’y Int’l L. Proc., 2012, s. 436-439
• L.M. and Others v. Russia, ECHR (323) 2015, Judgment, http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{"fulltext":["\"CASE OF L.M. AND OTHERS v. RUSSIA\""],"documentcollectionid2":["GRANDCHAMBER","CHAMBER"],"itemid":["001-157709"]} (Erişim Tarihi:18.11.2016)
• MAJ Keith Puls, “Protection of Civilians During Armed Conflict”, Law of War Handbook, International & Operational Law Department, 2005, s.137-161
• Maria-Teresa Gil-Bazo, “ New Issues in Refugee Research”, Refugee Status, Subsidiary Protection, and the Right to be Granted Asylum under EC Law, UNHCR , The UN Refugee Agency Policy Development and Evaluation Service,Research Paper No. 136, November 2006.
• Melanie Jacques, Armed Conflict and Displacement,Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2012.
• Osman Nuri Özalp, “Özel Güvenlik ve Askeri Firmaların Uluslararası Hümaniter Hukuka Göre Statüsü ve Montreux Dokümanı Bağlamında Yeni Arayışlar”, İÜHFM, C.LXVII, S. 1-2, 2009, s. 57-77
• Paul Weis, The Refugee Convention, 1951, The Travaux Preparatoires Analysed with a Commentary, http://www.unhcr.org/4ca34be29.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi:03.07.2016)
• Progress Report on Informal Consultations on the Provision of International Protection to All Who Need It, EC/48/SC/CRP.32, Standing Committee, 25 May 1998, http://www.unhcr.org/3ae68cff4.html, (Erişim Tarihi:11.10. 2016)
• Protection of Refugees in Mass Influx Situation: Overall Protection Framework, Global Consultation on International Protection, EC/GC/01/4, 19 February 2001, First Meeting, http://www.unhcr.org/3ae68f3c24.pdf (Erişim Tarihi:11.10.2016)
• S/RES/1296, 19 April 2000, http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/RES/1296(2000) (Erişim Tarihi:08.08.2016)
• S/RES/1265,17 September 1999, http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/RES/1265(1999) (Erişim Tarihi:08.08.2016)
• S/RES/1674, 28 April 2006, http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/RES/1674(2006) (Erişim Tarihi:08.08.2016)
• Ümmühan Elçin Ertuğrul, “En Ağır Yük; İnsan Yükü ve Uluslararası Hukukta Yükün Paylaşılması”, Uluslararası 1. Orta Doğu Sempozuyumu Bildirileri, 1. Cilt, Ankara, 2014, s. 565-585
• YUCM, Prosecutor-Dusko Tadic a/k/a “DULE”, 2 Oct. 1995, The Judgement under Appeal., http://www.icty.org/x/cases/tadic/acdec/en/51002.htm .( Erişim Tarihi:28.06.2016)